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---
title: "Blackboxing"
---
# Blackboxing/proxying/obfuscation
Unlike massively participatory practices of cultural and knowledge sharing that were analysed in the session: ![](session:downloadupload.md), this session focuses on practices of creating pirate infrastructures that crucially depend on the work of savvy technologists who create forms of access that need to remain obfuscated and black-boxed in order to secure that such access remains functional. The example session focuses on is Science Hub, a search engine and repository that provides access to 85% of paywalled academic articles (Himmelstein et al. 2019), that was single-handedly created by Alexandra Elbakyan. In 2015 Science Hub was sued by the largest academic publisher in the world Reed Elsevier and in 2017 by the American Chemical Society. The US courts ruled against Science Hub, awarding plaintiffs $US15 million and $US5 million respectively in damages. Elbakyan has been outspoken in defending the unconditional universal access against the economic interests of publishers. In response to Elsevier's suit, Elbakyan famously responded: "If Elsevier manages to shut down our projects or force them into the darknet, that will demonstrate an important idea: that the public does not have the right to knowledge. We have to win over Elsevier and other publishers and show that what these commercial companies are doing is fundamentally wrong."
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![](bib:3774cea9-752e-4a45-9aa5-c4f0d89e601d)
![](bib:d17e1db9-c2d3-4512-a72e-854900e97cbf)

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---
title: "Download - Upload"
title: "Download/Upload"
---
# Download / Upload
# Download/Upload
The next session focuses on large repositories of digital text, so-called *shadow libraries*, that are technologically organised around actions of download and upload from and to server infrastructures. The session introduces learners to:
@ -86,8 +86,3 @@ To conclude, the discussion should focus on the Custodians.online letter, to ana
![](bib:6440fc56-707a-43a4-b4bf-caa07d5b93b2)
![](bib:857136f9-efe1-4ebe-a65e-e3ff0aaa22b6)

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---
title: "Politicising Piracy"
description: "Politicising Piracy topic has a double goal: to understand cultural piracy as a form of politics."
images: ["/images/cat.jpg"]
has_sessions: ["photocopying.md", "downloadupload.md", "blackboxing.md"]
---

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{{ range .Site.Home.Params.has_topics }}
{{ with $.GetPage (printf "%s%s" "/topic/" . ) }}
{{ with $.GetPage (printf "%s%s" "/topic/" . ) }}
<div class="topic" id="{{ .File.LogicalName }}"><div class="runningTopic"><a href="#{{ .File.LogicalName }}"> topic ⦚ {{ .Title }}</a></div>
<div class=""> <span class="topic-pretext">topic ⦚ </span><span class="topic-text pt-6">{{ .Title }}</span></div>
<div class="sidebar-title mb-1 pt-16">▒▒ has sessions ▽</label>
<div><span class="topic-pretext">topic ⦚ </span><span class="topic-text pt-6">{{ .Title }}</span></div>
<div class="sidebar-title mb-1 pt-16">▒▒ has sessions ▽</div>
<ul class="mt-4">
{{ range .Params.has_sessions }}
{{ with $.GetPage (printf "%s%s" "/session/" . ) }}
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{{ end }}
{{ end }}
</ul>
</div>
<div>{{ .Content }}</div>
{{ range .Params.has_sessions }}
{{ with $.GetPage (printf "%s%s" "/session/" . ) }}
{{ $session := . }}
<div class="topic" id="{{ .File.LogicalName }}"><div class="runningTopic"><a href="#{{ .File.LogicalName }}">session ⦚ {{ .Title }}</a></div>
<div><span class="topic-pretext">session ⦚ </span><span class="topic-text pt-6">{{ .Title }}</span></div>
<div class="sidebar-title mb-1 pt-16">▒▒ is in ▽</div>
<ul class="mt-4">
{{ range where $.Site.RegularPages ".Section" "topic" }}
{{ if in .Params.has_sessions $session.File.LogicalName }}
<li><a class="sidebar-list text-base" href="#{{ .File.LogicalName }}">↖ topic ⦚ {{ .Title }}</a></li>
{{ else if in .Params.is_in $session.File.LogicalName }}
<li><a class="sidebar-list text-base" href="#{{ .File.LogicalName }}">↖ topic ⦚ {{ .Title }}</a></li>
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
</ul>
<div class="pt-16">{{ .Content }} </div>
{{ end }}
{{ end }}