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title: Photocopying
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The session introduces learners to a long history of cultural piracy. The practice of illegal copying and dissemination of works of culture and knowledge did not emerge with the digital networks. The purpose of this session is to discuss piracy as a long-standing practice emerging in response to the economic regulation of cultural production, creative labour and economic inequalities. Learners will find out more about the history of copying, copyright and unevenness in the creative and knowledge economy between the Global North and the Global South. The sessions introduce learners to:
- a long history of illegal copying and historic transformations of what actually constitutes the illegal act,
- a workflow to scan and copy texts using a photocopier,
- a workflow how to prepare on paper and in digital texts for the next sessions.
The example proposed as a point of entry into these legacies will be the legal case filed by a group of Britain-based academic publishers against the Rameshwari, a print shop providing students at the Delhi School of Economics with the copied textbook materials from these publishers at a price an average Indian student can actually afford. In a surprising decision, the Delhi court has decided that the right of access to knowledge in the context of education trumps the commercial right of publishers.
The hands-on aspect will be using a photocopier to scan and copy reading materials for the next session.
**Duration: ** 90 minutes
**Methods:** reading and discussing, learning by doing, learners have to use a photocopier
## Task 1
Learners should read in advance the following two texts:
- Liang, L., 2016. Academic Freedom and the Ownership of Knowledge. Café Dissensus. URL https://cafedissensus.com/2016/09/15/academic-freedom-and-the-ownership-of-knowledge/ (accessed 2.26.20).
- Mars, M., Medak, T., 2019. System of a Takedown: Control and De-commodification in the Circuits of Academic Publishing, in: Lison, A. (Ed.), Archives. University of Minnesota Press & meson.press, Minneapolis, MI, pp. 4768.
- discussion should start from learners' own experiences of copying and sharing in their education, how did their institutions tolerate, encourage or participate in the practice of sharing of texts, discuss if that illegal or legal
## Task 2:
Learners should have access to a photocopier and:
- learn how to copy on the machine so as to create and export a PDF
- print copies of the texts for the next session
## Resources:
Eichhorn, K., 2006. Breach of copy/rights: The university copy district as abject zone. Public Culture 18, 551571. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2006-019
Liang, L., 2016. Academic Freedom and the Ownership of Knowledge. Café Dissensus. URL https://cafedissensus.com/2016/09/15/academic-freedom-and-the-ownership-of-knowledge/ (accessed 2.26.20).
Liang, L., 2017. Paternal and defiant access: copyright and the politics of access to knowledge in the Delhi University photocopy case. Indian Law Review 1, 3655. https://doi.org/10.1080/24730580.2017.1364477
Mars, M., Medak, T., 2019. System of a Takedown: Control and De-commodification in the Circuits of Academic Publishing, in: Lison, A. (Ed.), Archives. University of Minnesota Press & meson.press, Minneapolis, MI, pp. 4768.