well, galerija nova exhibition.. almost there...
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# Syllabus
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Our website (the published version of the web site is here: https://syllabus.pirate.care/) is rendered/processed into a static HTML web site by [HUGO](https://gohugo.io/) using the *Markdown files* from this [Git](https://git-scm.com/) repository served to you by [Gitea](https://gitea.io/). *Markdown files* which are rendered into web site pages can be found inside the folder 📁 **content** which is listed right below 📁 **archetypes**, and above 📁 **custom_sysadmin**, 📁 **data/books**, 📁 **public/css** etc. *Markdown files* have the extension **.md**. We **add/edit** *Markdown files* in this repository in order to have **HUGO** process/render/convert them into a regular Web Site people can access. Through that process every *Markdown file* gets transformed into an individual Web/HTML Page.
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Our website (the published version of the web site is here: https://syllabus.pirate.care/) is rendered/processed into a static HTML web site by [HUGO](https://gohugo.io/) using the _Markdown files_ from this [Git](https://git-scm.com/) repository served to you by [Gitea](https://gitea.io/). _Markdown files_ which are rendered into web site pages can be found inside the folder 📁 **content** which is listed right below 📁 **archetypes**, and above 📁 **custom_sysadmin**, 📁 **data/books**, 📁 **public/css** etc. _Markdown files_ have the extension **.md**. We **add/edit** _Markdown files_ in this repository in order to have **HUGO** process/render/convert them into a regular Web Site people can access. Through that process every _Markdown file_ gets transformed into an individual Web/HTML Page.
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#### There are two ways to edit existing Markdown files and add new ones:
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@ -9,17 +8,15 @@ Our website (the published version of the web site is here: https://syllabus.pir
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a) To **edit** the current page one should use the button/link **edit_this**. It brings you straight into the editing *Markdown file* "responsible" for that web page.
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a) To **edit** the current page one should use the button/link **edit_this**. It brings you straight into the editing _Markdown file_ "responsible" for that web page.
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b) To **add** a new topic one should use the button/link **add_new_topic**. In the field *Name your file...* type the new topic's name (without spaces) ending with **.md**. Make sure that the first line of the *Markdown file* has only three dashes **---** followed in the second line with **title: "A Very Good Page Title"** (*mind the quotes*). The third line start with **has_sessions: ["first_session_name.md", "second_session_name.md"]** (*mind the brackets and quotes*). The sessions listed in that line will appear in a sidebar menu for that topic. In this case the forth line will be again three dashes **---** and an empty line just before the content of the page. None of those lines will appear at the web site. That's called **header**[^1] and it carries the metadata for that *Markdown file*. Here is the example of one of the topic's header:
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b) To **add** a new topic one should use the button/link **add_new_topic**. In the field _Name your file..._ type the new topic's name (without spaces) ending with **.md**. Make sure that the first line of the _Markdown file_ has only three dashes **---** followed in the second line with **title: "A Very Good Page Title"** (_mind the quotes_). The third line start with **has_practices: ["first_session_name.md", "second_session_name.md"]** (_mind the brackets and quotes_). The sessions listed in that line will appear in a sidebar menu for that topic. In this case the forth line will be again three dashes **---** and an empty line just before the content of the page. None of those lines will appear at the web site. That's called **header**[^1] and it carries the metadata for that _Markdown file_. Here is the example of one of the topic's header:
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c) To **add** a new session one should use the button/link **add_new_session**. In the field *Name your file...* type the new session's name (without spaces) ending with **.md**. Make sure that the first line of the *Markdown file* has only three dashes **---** followed in the second line with **title: "A Very Good Page Title"** (*mind the quotes*). In this case the third line will be again three dashes **---** and an empty line just before the content of the page. None of those lines will appear at the web site. That's called **header**[^1] and it carries the metadata for that *Markdown file*. Here is the example of one of the session's header:
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c) To **add** a new session one should use the button/link **add_new_session**. In the field _Name your file..._ type the new session's name (without spaces) ending with **.md**. Make sure that the first line of the _Markdown file_ has only three dashes **---** followed in the second line with **title: "A Very Good Page Title"** (_mind the quotes_). In this case the third line will be again three dashes **---** and an empty line just before the content of the page. None of those lines will appear at the web site. That's called **header**[^1] and it carries the metadata for that _Markdown file_. Here is the example of one of the session's header:
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d) After you are done with editing/adding the *Markdown files* and satisfied with the changes you should click on the button/link **publish** which would bring you straight into editing **PUBLISH.trigger.md** after which commit[^2] the web site will be published. The new changes will be visible to everyone visiting the web site.
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d) After you are done with editing/adding the _Markdown files_ and satisfied with the changes you should click on the button/link **publish** which would bring you straight into editing **PUBLISH.trigger.md** after which commit[^2] the web site will be published. The new changes will be visible to everyone visiting the web site.
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```
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@ -38,49 +35,50 @@ ymmv....
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```
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#### 2. One could also edit the web site by using directly this Gitea instance (https://git.memoryoftheworld.org/PirateCare/Syllabus) where you just read this **README.md** file.
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1. To **edit** *Markdown files* you should get inside the 📁 **content** folder where you will find two folders 📁 **topic** and 📁 **session**. All the individual *Markdown files* are saved/accessible inside those folders (you can recognize the files by their extension **.md**).
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1. To **edit** _Markdown files_ you should get inside the 📁 **content** folder where you will find two folders 📁 **topic** and 📁 **session**. All the individual _Markdown files_ are saved/accessible inside those folders (you can recognize the files by their extension **.md**).
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2. To **edit** a particular *Markdown file* in this repository you should click on the 🖉 (pen) in the top right corner of the Gitea toolbar which appears after you open the Gitea web page of that *Markdown file*
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2. To **edit** a particular _Markdown file_ in this repository you should click on the 🖉 (pen) in the top right corner of the Gitea toolbar which appears after you open the Gitea web page of that _Markdown file_
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- It is very important to always keep the **header**[^1] at the top of the *Markdown file*. You can recognize it as it has three dashes ( --- ) in its first line. It is then followed by **title**, the second line starting with **has_topics** (if home page) or **has_sessions:" (if topic page). The last line of the **header**[^1] should always contain only three dashes ( --- ). So, the header's first and last line should have only those three dashes ( --- ). The names of the topics Markdown files following **has_topics:** will appear in the side bar menu. The same goes for topic page which lists its sessions Markdown files in the line starting with **has_sessions:**. The list of the names of the Markdown files looks something like this: **["first_session.md", "second_session.md"]** (Mind the brackets and the quotes.) Here is one of the **headers** from 📁 **Syllabus/content/topic/housingstruggles.md**:
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- It is very important to always keep the **header**[^1] at the top of the *Markdown file*. You can recognize it as it has three dashes ( --- ) in its first line. It is then followed by **title**, the second line starting with **has_topics** (if home page) or **has_practices:" (if topic page). The last line of the **header**[^1] should always contain only three dashes ( --- ). So, the header's first and last line should have only those three dashes ( --- ). The names of the topics Markdown files following **has_topics:** will appear in the side bar menu. The same goes for topic page which lists its sessions Markdown files in the line starting with **has_practices:**. The list of the names of the Markdown files looks something like this: **["first_session.md", "second_session.md"]** (Mind the brackets and the quotes.) Here is one of the **headers** from 📁 **Syllabus/content/topic/housingstruggles.md**:
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3. To **add** a new *Markdown file* one should click the button **[New File]** in the folder where one wants the new *Markdown file* (at the moment these are 📁 **content/topic** and 📁 **content/session**)
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- Every **new** *Markdown file* should have **.md** extension as the part of its name. For example: **thirdsession.md**.
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- Every **new** *Markdown file* has to have a **header**[^1] at the top. The first line should start with three dashes ( **---** ), the second line should have a **title** (for example: **title: "Third reading group"**), if you want/need you should also add **weight** and/or **date** in the following lines but make sure that the **header** ends again with three dashes ( **---** ). After that last line with the three dashes you should add your actual content.
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3. To **add** a new _Markdown file_ one should click the button **[New File]** in the folder where one wants the new _Markdown file_ (at the moment these are 📁 **content/topic** and 📁 **content/session**)
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4. To **upload** images one should click the button **[Upload File]** and upload the image inside the folder 📁 **static/images**. Once inside the 📁 **static/images** there are bunch of already uploaded images. Important to note is that if you are uploading an image, make sure the file name doesn't contain spaces " " but instead has **underscores** or is made into a one-word file name. For example: *team_photo.jpg*, *teamphoto.jpg* or *TeamPhoto.jpg*.
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- Every **new** _Markdown file_ should have **.md** extension as the part of its name. For example: **thirdsession.md**.
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- Every **new** _Markdown file_ has to have a **header**[^1] at the top. The first line should start with three dashes ( **---** ), the second line should have a **title** (for example: **title: "Third reading group"**), if you want/need you should also add **weight** and/or **date** in the following lines but make sure that the **header** ends again with three dashes ( **---** ). After that last line with the three dashes you should add your actual content.
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4. To **upload** images one should click the button **[Upload File]** and upload the image inside the folder 📁 **static/images**. Once inside the 📁 **static/images** there are bunch of already uploaded images. Important to note is that if you are uploading an image, make sure the file name doesn't contain spaces " " but instead has **underscores** or is made into a one-word file name. For example: _team_photo.jpg_, _teamphoto.jpg_ or _TeamPhoto.jpg_.
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5. To **PUBLISH** the web site with all of the latest changes one should **edit** the file **PUBLISH.trigger.md**. It is listed in the root of this repository. Once there **PUBLISH.trigger.md** should have the 🖉 (pen) in the top right corner of the Gitea page toolbar just like every other page in the repository. The published version of the web site is here: https://syllabus.pirate.care/
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6. After you get familiar with the workflow you migh also try this *trick* to *quickly* **PUBLISH** the web site by adding **!publish!** as a part of the commit message just like shown in this screenshot:
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6. After you get familiar with the workflow you migh also try this _trick_ to _quickly_ **PUBLISH** the web site by adding **!publish!** as a part of the commit message just like shown in this screenshot:
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After you **PUBLISH** the web site by using the **!publish!** *trick* in the commit message you shouldn't go and **edit** **PUBLISH.trigger.md**. If you do that nothing will go wrong but you'll just trigger **HUGO** to do the processing once more.
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After you **PUBLISH** the web site by using the **!publish!** _trick_ in the commit message you shouldn't go and **edit** **PUBLISH.trigger.md**. If you do that nothing will go wrong but you'll just trigger **HUGO** to do the processing once more.
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#### NOTE: The "preview" web site at https://syllabus.pirate.care/_preview/ will show automatically all of the changes after every commit/change. The "preview" version of the web site is not supposed to be shown to the public. Once you are satisfied with the "preview" version of the latest changes you are ready to PUBLISH the changes to the "official" version of the web site (https://syllabus.pirate.care/) You can do that by adding !publish! to the commit message or by finding the PUBLISH.trigger.md file, changing it and committing the changes.
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---
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*If anything goes wrong these two files could help those few people who are not scared of reading logs :)*
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_If anything goes wrong these two files could help those few people who are not scared of reading logs :)_
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- https://syllabus.pirate.care/last-commit-log.txt
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- https://syllabus.pirate.care/_preview/last-commit-log.txt
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[^1]: **Header** is called [Front Matter](https://gohugo.io/content-management/front-matter/) in HUGO's documentation.
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[^2]: The phrase *commiting the changes* comes from the Git vocabulary and if this is the first time you hear about it, probably the closest well known equivalent would be to say *saving the file after it has been changed*. In our case here the file being *saved* to the Git repository will add its latest changes to the history log of all of the previous versions of that file, it will add the name of the account which made those changes together with the date when all of this happened. By doing all of this any file in the Git repository is easily reverted to any of the versions from the past, the history of who did what is kept and the whole repository is ready to be distributed, shared, and synced with any of its "clones" on other different computers.
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[^2]: The phrase _commiting the changes_ comes from the Git vocabulary and if this is the first time you hear about it, probably the closest well known equivalent would be to say _saving the file after it has been changed_. In our case here the file being _saved_ to the Git repository will add its latest changes to the history log of all of the previous versions of that file, it will add the name of the account which made those changes together with the date when all of this happened. By doing all of this any file in the Git repository is easily reverted to any of the versions from the past, the history of who did what is kept and the whole repository is ready to be distributed, shared, and synced with any of its "clones" on other different computers.
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### Library bookmarklet quickly get the Markdown link for the book reference:
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```javascript
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javascript:(()=>{alert(`![](bib:${location.href.replace(RegExp(".*book/"),"")})`);})()
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javascript: (() => {
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alert(`![](bib:${location.href.replace(RegExp(".*book/"), "")})`);
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})();
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```
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...
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---
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title: "Pirate Care"
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has_topics: ["piratecareintroduction.md", "criminalizationofsolidarity.md", "searescue.md", "housingstruggles.md", "commoningcare.md", "psychosocialautonomy.md", "hologramsocialcare.md", "communitysafetyandcontextualfluidity.md", "transhackfeminism.md", "hormonestoxicityandbodysovereignty.md", "fosteringequityanddiversityinthehackermakerscene.md", "politicisingpiracy.md", "coronanotes.md"]
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title: "Pirate Care: Practices"
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has_fields:
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[
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"migration.md",
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"reproductivehealth.md",
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"healthcare.md",
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"food.md",
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"piracy.md",
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"infrastructure.md",
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"socialreproduction.md",
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"againstpolicing.md",
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]
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---
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# Pirate Care, a syllabus
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> We live in a world where captains get arrested for saving people’s lives on the sea; where a person downloading scientific articles faces 35 years in jail; where people risk charges for providing safe pregnancy terminations to those who live in countries where abortion is illegal. Folks are getting in trouble for giving food to the poor, medicine to the sick, water to the thirsty, shelter to the homeless. And yet our heroines care and disobey. They are pirates.
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*We live in a world where captains get arrested for saving people’s lives on the sea; where a person downloading scientific articles faces 35 years in jail; where people risk charges for bringing contraceptives to those who otherwise couldn’t get them. Folks are getting in trouble for giving food to the poor, medicine to the sick, water to the thirsty, shelter to the homeless. And yet our heroines care and disobey. They are pirates.*
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The exhibition Pirate Care is a survey of the increasingly present forms of activism at the intersection of “care” and “piracy”, which are trying to intervene in new and interesting ways in one of the most important challenges of our time: the “crisis of care” in its many interconnected dimensions.
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---
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We live in a time in which care, as a political and collective capacity of societies to attend to the most fundamental needs of humans and their living environments, is becoming more difficult or criminalised. Against this state of affairs, a number of autonomous, bottom-up initiatives share a willingness to openly disobey laws, regulations and dominant social norms whenever these stand in the way of solidarity and life. Crucially, they politicise their disobedience to contest the status quo. That disobedience and that politicisation are what defines these practices as ‘pirate care’.
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Pirate Care is a research process - primarily based in the transnational European space - that maps the increasingly present forms of activism at the intersection of “care” and “piracy”, which in new and interesting ways are trying to intervene in one of the most important challenges of our time, that is, the ‘crisis of care’ in all its multiple and interconnected dimensions.
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The exhibition presents a survey of both contemporary and historical cases. It builds on the online Pirate Care Syllabus (https://syllabus.pirate.care), created with the aim of supporting collective learning from these initiatives. The Syllabus comes integrated with a library of all references mentioned in its sessions. It lives on the experimental publishing platform Sandpoints, initially developed for this project and designed to support processes of publishing collaborative writing.
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These practices are experimenting with self-organisation, alternative approaches to social reproduction and the commoning of tools, technologies and knowledges. Often they act disobediently in expressed non-compliance with laws, regulations and executive orders that ciriminalise the duty of care by imposing exclusions along the lines of class, gender, race or territory. They are not shying risk of persecution in providing unconditional solidarity to those who are the most exploited, discriminated against and condemned to the status of disposable populations.
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Pirate Care was first exhibited in the context of Rijeka European Capital of Culture 2020, produced by Drugo More. While in Rijeka we presented the disobedient initiatives documented in the Syllabus, here in Zagreb we are sharing a broader range of pirate care practices that we came across during our four-year study.
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The Pirate Care Syllabus we present here for the first time is a tool for supporting and activating collective processes of learning from these practices. We encourage everyone to freely use this syllabus to learn and organise processes of learning and to freely adapt, rewrite and expand it to reflect their own experience and serve their own pedagogies.
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> 8th March 2020 - Please Note:
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> The Pirate Care Syllabus is still work in progress. Some topics and sessions are still under development,
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> more will be created during the residency at the Kunsthalle (beginning of April) and beyond.
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# Care, a political notion
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1. Caring is not intrinsically “nice”, it always involve power relations. Processes of discipline, exclusion and harm can operate inside the matrix of care.
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2. Care labour holds the capacity to disobey power and increase our collective freedom. This is why when it is organised in capitalist, patriarchal and racist ways, it does not work for most living beings. We are in a global crisis of care.
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3. There are no wrong people. Yet, caring for the “wrong” people is more and more socially discouraged, made difficult and criminalized. For many, the crisis of care has been there for a very long time.
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4. Caring is labour. it is necessary and it is skilled labour.
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5. Care labour is shared unfairly and violently in most societies, along lines of gender, provenance, race, class, ability, and age. Some are forced to care, while some defend their privilege of expecting service. This has to change.
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6. Caring labour needs full access to resources, knowledge, tools and technologies. When these are taken away, we must claim them back.
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...
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**Contact:** info@pirate.care
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Inevitably, there is no claim to comprehensiveness to our survey. Since our process of investigation is grounded in networks of activism in which we are also implicated, this is reflected in the geographical partiality and situatedness of the practices we were able to research.
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---
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title: "Against policing"
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has_practices: ["wiindodebwe.md", "docsnotcops.md"]
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---
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---
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title: "Food"
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has_practices:
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[
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"opensourceseedinitiative.md",
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"sezonieri.md",
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"guerrillagrafters.md",
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"tracktorhacking.md",
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]
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---
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---
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title: "Healthcare "
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has_practices:
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[
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"partisanhospitals.md",
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"blackpantherclinics.md",
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"actup.md",
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"frankshospitalworkshop.md",
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"fourthievesvinegar.md",
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"greeksolidarityclinics.md",
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]
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---
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---
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title: "Infrastructure"
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has_practices: ["plankanu.md", "njalla.md", "apf.md", "plumbersforflint.md"]
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---
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---
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title: "Migration"
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has_practices:
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[
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"seawatch.md",
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"nomoredeaths.md",
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"nonamekitchen.md",
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"refugeeconvoy.md",
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"protectionmarriage.md",
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]
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---
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---
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title: "Piracy"
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has_practices:
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[
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"elpaquete.md",
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"rameshwari.md",
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"guerillaopenaccessmanifesto.md",
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"sciencehub.md",
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"thepiracyproject.md",
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]
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---
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---
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title: "Reproductive health"
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has_practices:
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["italianfeminist.md", "transcare.md", "gynepunk.md", "womenonwaves.md"]
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---
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---
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title: "Social reproduction"
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has_practices: ["soprasotto.md", "platformadeafectados.md"]
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---
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---
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title: "Act Up"
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---
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Act Up is perhaps the best-known example of an international grassroots organization that has managed to impact legislation, research and standards of medical treatment for HIV/AIDS, starting from the self-organization processes of those who were directly impacted by the virus. Founded in 1987 in New York within an association of LGBT activists, the first Act Up initiatives focused on staging direct actions and protests with high media impact, such as die-ins, where they staged mass deaths.
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Alongside the innovative way of capturing media attention with creativity, there are at least two other aspects that make Act Up a very important example to help us think about care practices. The first has to do with the way in which the organization managed to scale up in a very short amount of time while staying committed to an open decision-making structure without leaders, where proposals and coordination were entrusted to an agile grouping of committees and assemblies able to make decisions democratically and autonomously.
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|
||||
Another innovative trait of Act Up was its commitment to self-education, which focused both on scientific expertise and on understanding the rules and bureaucracies of the health system. The organization was able to modify the protocols that regulate experimental therapies through their “Parallel Track” program, which enlarged the number of participants in therapeutic trials on a voluntary basis, insisting that the patients must have full informed control over the design and implementation of the experiments.
|
||||
|
||||
_Note based on Rebelling with Care (WeMake, 2019)_
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "The Anti-privatization Forum"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The Anti-Privatisation Forum and the Coalition Against Water Privatisation are a national social movement and activist organisation based in Soweto and Orange Farm, districts in the West of Johannesburg, South Africa. In 2003 they coordinated a series of acts of civil disobedience in response to the installation of prepaid water meters. The meters left significant numbers of poor households without adequate water for their survival, the APF and CAWP undertook the illegal removal of the meters from disconnected households and freely reconnected them back to the water supply.
|
||||
|
||||
Meters are the proposed “solution” to water scarcity in Johannesburg. The idea has been to commercialise it, with the assumption that treating water as an economic good will ensure more careful consumption at household level. Johannesburg Water (a private company, where the state is only a shareholder) sought to limit water consumption of the poorest neighbourhoods through the installation of prepayment water meters and flow restrictors.
|
||||
|
||||
At that time, South African constitution guaranteed citizens the right to access ‘sufficient’ water, called Free Basic Water Supply. This allowance was 6 000 litres of free water per month - based on a calculation of 25 litres per person per day in a household of eight people, which was deemed to be adequate. With PPM, households were mostly cut off at mid-month, on day 12, after that inhabitants would have to try to get water from areas that don’t have meters. The burden of work, particularly for women, increased. If that was not possible, residents had to resort to any water they could find, which is most likely going to be unsafe.
|
||||
|
||||
With installations beginning in 2003-4, Orange Farm and Phiri residents began resistance, working with the APF, CAWP and other organisations, with a campaign “Operation Vulamanzi” (“Operation Water Flow” or “Water for All”) which ran in parallel to campaign around electricity, where same thing was happening. In a number of direct actions, radical plumbers (and radical electricians) by-passed the meters, re-connecting people to supply, often visibly dumping the removed meters in public spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
_Text by Kim Trogal_
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Black Panther clinics"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
In the 1960s and 1970s, the central part of the Panthers’ work for the rights of black people was the organization of mutual aid programs such as the “Free Breakfast for School Children Program”, which came to serve a free breakfast for over 20,000 children living in conditions of malnutrition in 60 different black communities across the USA. Other projects
|
||||
included drug and alcohol detoxification services; accompaniment services for the elderly who needed to visit the doctor; health education programs and even an ambulance service. In the 1970s, the Panthers volunteers managed 13 different clinics. During this process they gained sufficient experience in making authoritative interventions in the health policies
|
||||
and medical research debates of the time.
|
||||
|
||||
In their clinics, they carried out a mass clinical screening that significantly contributed to the study of sickle cell anaemia (a genetic disease that particularly affects people of African descent). In addition, the Panthers opposed pseudoscientific and racist-based medical testing programs, such as the UCLA Center for the Study and Reduction of Violence, which intended to perform brain operations to counteract aggressive behaviour, and thefamous experiment in Tuskegee, Alabama, a clinical study that infected about 600 black men with the syphilis virus without their knowledge, under the pretense of offering medical care.
|
||||
|
||||
_Note based on Rebelling with Care (WeMake, 2019)_
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Docs not Cops"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Docs not Cops is a campaign of medical staff and patients resisting the regulation passed in 2017 by the HNS England requiring ID checks on all patients requiring non-emergency care, a measure promulgated following the 2014 and 2016 Immigration Acts, aimed at policing migrants. On the grounds that they've been trained to provide care universally to all who need it, the groups of medical staff in hospitals have been refusing to act as the extended arm of the immigration service. Furthermore, they have been refusing the introduction of charges for migrants, as that would plant the seed for further expansion of the charging system to other patients.
|
||||
|
||||
To this effect, Docs not Cops have organised the campaign Patients Not Passports, providing instruction kits for medical professionals and community members to help migrants receive medical assistance without the ID check and to help them avoid unwarranted and unnecessary charges. The campaign was organised in partnership with Migrants Organise and Medact, another medical profession organisation contesting the social, political and economic conditions which damage health, deepen health inequalities and threaten peace and security.
|
||||
|
||||
By organising the collective disobedience of doctors and nurses, and working together with healthcare activists, teachers, workers and voters, Docs not Cops have acted to uphold the principle of universal right to free health care, while demanding an end to securitisation and neoliberalisation of health care.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "El Paquete"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
El paquete semenal (“The Weakly Package”) is a system of offline digital distribution in Cuba, where hard drives with weekly selections of books, newspapers, music, films and tv programming, as well as software tools, mobile apps and even websites, are delivered to subscribers against a small payment of 2 cuban convertible pesos. As Cuba has been under a US embargo since 1958, with particularly crippling effects since the end of the Cold War, the internet infrastructure was slow to develop. When combined with government restrictions, this has meant that Cubans have gained access to the internet very late. Before the recent arrival of mobile phones, it was available primarily through public access points, offering very limited bandwidth. Therefore, since the mid-2000s Cubans have had to rely on El paquete to access both local independent and foreign digital content.
|
||||
|
||||
El paquete is a “sneakernet”, a transfer of digital information by means of physical media. Sneakernets were everywhere the dominant form of distribution of digital music, films and books before the arrival of broadband. If it weren't for the HARRYFAN CD, a collection of hand-typed Sci-Fi texts in Russian, purportedly there wouldn't be LibGen today.
|
||||
|
||||
El paquetes are created by “matrices” who have access to broadband and copying infrastructure necessary to compile content coming from the disks arriving from abroad, independently produced Cuban content and downloaded content. They pass the content down to “paqueteros”, who invest a bit of money into USB drives, which they recoup through the distribution to their subscribers. As long as matrices and paqueteros steer away from political propaganda, they are tolerated to distribute a broad gamut of information.
|
||||
|
||||
El paquete functions in Cuba as a parallel internet to the expensive internet provided by the state telco ETECSA and used only for communication. Significantly though, this is not a form of access exclusive to digital goods: amid the scarcity of Cuban economy, informal systems of social provision have been the mainstay of Cuban life, a necessary form of access to non-essential and sometimes essential goods.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Four Thieves Vinegar"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Four Thieves Vinegar collective is a group of anarchist biohackers founded in 2015 who combine free/open chemistry with open-source hardware in response to the pricing policies of big pharma companies. The collective has independent biology, chemistry, data science, programming and hardware teams whose degree of collaboration is dictated by the project at hand.
|
||||
|
||||
Four Thieves doesn’t sell anything, but publishes instructions for others to assemble the necessary devices to produce a range of medicines.
|
||||
|
||||
Their first project published instructions for a DIY epipen – an epinephrine autoinjector they named the EpiPencil - that can be made for $30 and reloaded for $3. The second is instruction on how to build a full MicroLab. The MicroLab includes a reaction chamber consisting of a small mason jar mounted inside a larger mason jar with a 3D-printed lid. A few small plastic hoses and a thermistor to measure temperature are then attached through the lid to circulate fluids through the contraption to induce the chemical reactions necessary to manufacture various medicines. The whole process is automated using a small computer that costs about $30.
|
||||
|
||||
Four Thieves Vinegar claims to have successfully synthesized five different kinds of pharmaceuticals using MicroLab. They used the device to produce Naloxone, a drug used to prevent opiate overdoses better known as Narcan; Daraprim, a drug that treats infections in people with HIV; Cabotegravir, a preventative HIV medicine; and mifepristone and misoprostol, two chemicals needed for medical abortions.
|
||||
|
||||
Since Four Thieves Vinegar isn’t actually selling or distributing the medicines made by its members, what they're doing isn’t technically illegal. They are effectively just liberating information on how to manufacture certain medicines at home and developing the open-source tools to make it happen.
|
||||
In the future, Four Thieves Vinegar wants to focus on manufacturing drugs for orphan diseases, which are defined as conditions that affect fewer than 200,000 people worldwide. If a drug for the disease exists, it is generally prohibitively expensive to obtain.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Frank's Hospital Workshop"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The growing intimacy between technology and the body requires extending the ethics of care to objects. Yet, maintaining and repairing such technologies is often difficult, lengthy and costly for users due to manufacturers’ desire to maintain control over the products. The data provided by the World Health Organization is discouraging: in some countries, 50% of medical machinery is unusable at any given time; in some cases, this figure is as high as 80%.
|
||||
|
||||
Alongside organized legal battles for the right to repair (such as the one carried forward by the Repair Association in the United States), some technicians have chosen to react to the situation with bottom-up initiatives. This is the case with Mike, the retired biomedical technician who runs The Electric Squirrel site, which is dedicated to the maintenance of the most common technical equipment in use across the southern hemisphere.
|
||||
|
||||
It also applies to Frank Weithoener, another technician specializing in biomedical machinery, based in Tanzania. Frank, who has worked as an instructor and consultant in several so-called “developing” countries, claims to have opened his site because he was tired of meeting absurd obstacles to repair everywhere he went. On his website Frank’s Hospital Workshop, he collects and publishes all the maintenance and technical documentation manuals he can get his hands on, as well as providing his own tutorials. As expected, manufacturing companies such as Weyer, General Electric and others regularly threaten to sue Frank, telling him to take the manuals offline. But fortunately, he has thus far resisted the pressure and continued in his mission: to take care of the machines we need to cure ourselves.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Greek solidarity clinics"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The 2008 economic crisis hit Greece particularly hard — it left a quarter of the workforce jobless; wages and pensions tumbled by as much as 40%, while the GDP was reduced by a quarter. As many as 32% of Greek citizens were pushed below the poverty line, and almost 30% were left without medical insurance. The situation became extremely dire also for the 700.000 undocumented migrants present in the country, who were already struggling to cope with social deprivation before. The austerity policies introduced to face the financial crisis were contrasted by waves of mass mobilisations and protests, out of which the Greek Solidarity Movement emerged. Over the course of the next couple of years, the GSM started to organise food banks, soup kitchens, cooperatives, pharmacies and health clinics across the entire country.
|
||||
|
||||
To counter the public health disaster, the grassroots movement began to organise outpatient clinics and pharmacies where medical professionals worked alongside volunteering citizens to provide healthcare support to the uninsured. Up until 2014, there were some 140 solidarity clinics and around 90 pharmacies set up across Greece. They have been operating in spaces provided by the municipalities or private citizens, while their financing largely takes place through donations. Clinics have been run by medical professionals and lay volunteers, who worked with the wider network of the solidarity movement to address not only the health conditions but also the social and food insecurity of their patients in a comprehensive way. The clinics have been operating on the principles of commoning care, organising their work in a self-managed manner and maximising the use of resources such as privately donated medicines that would have otherwise gone wasted.
|
||||
|
||||
The most intensive period of activity for the clinics lasted up until 2016 when the newly elected Syriza government introduced medical coverage for all citizens. Since then, the solidarity clinics have been focusing on providing healthcare to undocumented migrant communities, who were among the initial benefactors of this model when it first got developed eight years earlier.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
In 2008 Aaron Swartz wrote in his Guerilla Open Access Manifesto:
|
||||
|
||||
> Information is power. But like all power, there are those who want to keep it for themselves. The world's entire scientific and cultural heritage, published over centuries in books and journals, is increasingly being digitized and locked up by a handful of private corporations. Want to read the papers featuring the most famous results of the sciences? You'll need to send enormous amounts to publishers like Reed Elsevier…
|
||||
> We need to take information, wherever it is stored, make our copies and share them with the world. We need to take stuff that's out of copyright and add it to the archive. We need to buy secret databases and put them on the Web. We need to download scientific journals and upload them to file sharing networks. We need to fight for Guerilla Open Access.
|
||||
> With enough of us, around the world, we'll not just send a strong message opposing the privatization of knowledge — we'll make it a thing of the past. Will you join us?
|
||||
|
||||
Heeding Aaron Swartz’s call to civil disobedience, guerilla open access as a practice of sharing books and articles has emerged out of the outrage over digitally-enabled enclosure of knowledge that has allowed for-profit academic publishers to appropriate extreme profits that stand in stark contrast to the cuts, precarity, student debt and asymmetries of access in education. Although guerilla open access is organised through communication platforms such as email, forums, Facebook (Ask for PDFs people with institutional Access) and Twitter (#ICanHazPDF), its principal infrastructure are the shadow libraries, most notably Library Genesis, Science Hub, Z-library, Aaaaarg.fail, Ubuweb, Monoskop and Memory of the World. Shadow libraries provide the decommodified access to knowledge and culture that public libraries have always provided in the world of print yet were denied the world of digital text.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Guerrilla Grafters"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The “Guerilla Grafters” are a group of food freedom fighters started in 2012 in San Francisco who graft fruit-producing limbs onto sterile urban trees, specifically bred not to bear fruit. Their mission is to provide free, healthy food where it’s needed most – urban food deserts.
|
||||
|
||||
Typically, none of the trees in big cities produce nuts or fruit. City planners specifically select sterile varieties of many common fruit trees (apples, pears, plums, cherries) because of their beauty to decorate their streets. But they don’t want to be held liable for any potentially slippery messes fallen fruit could create on city sidewalks, or any animals it could attract (think bees, birds, squirrels).
|
||||
|
||||
The group’s founder Tara Hui tried using all the legal avenues to get the city to legalize fruit trees, but she realized that was getting her nowhere. She has since formed a group of dozens of stealth grafters in the San Francisco Bay Area, with thousands of followers on Facebook, many of whom have formed grafting groups in their own cities.
|
||||
|
||||
> … Grafting is a skilled performative and skilled sculptural gesture to cut branches in a way that make more branches, to attach branches that make fruit and viable pollen, to engage in relationships that fold economic divisions and redistribute abundance. What we wish to show is that scarcity is a condition of capitalism, and our performance/sculpture point to a way out, a very tiny step among many, of this condition, a condition that fundamentally relies on binaries of nature and culture, public and private. Guerrilla Grafters encourage looking at neighborhoods of more-than-human life in ways that generate resources rather than deplete them, from sunlight falling on rooftops, to coppiced ash for buildings and pathways that make for healthier trees, to deadheading plants like Hypericum perfolatum, a practice which makes more blossoms, for medicine. Guerrilla Grafters think that all artists (everyone) should make this kind of labor the center of their practice so that our earth, and our cities especially, are laboratories for survival….
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Gynepunk"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Access to reproductive healthcare is limited in many countries for ideological reasons or for the lack of basic services, resulting in denial of bodily integrity. Sexual health and well-being can be a taboo, gynaecological procedures invasive and painful, medical profession dominated by heteropatriarchal values, contraceptives too expensive to many women and pregnancy terminations pushed into illegality. Even there where public welfare systems do provide a comprehensive reproductive healthcare, it still might remain unavailable to many vulnerable groups such as undocumented immigrants, LGBTIQ+ people, sex workers and the uninsured.
|
||||
|
||||
To counter this heteropartriarchal state of affairs, in mid-2010s a group of bio-hackers has come together as GynePunks in Pechablenda, the TransHackFeminist space in the post-capitalist eco-industrial colony Calafou in Catalonia, with the objective of reclaiming gynaecology and repoliticising feminism through biotechnological practices. GynePunks have worked with the Hacketeria network to develop open-source toolkits for gynaecological self-diagnosis and first-aid, consisting of centrifuges made from upcycled hard-disks, microscopes from disused webcams and 3D printed speculums that are better adapted to women's anatomy.
|
||||
|
||||
This do-it-together and do-it-with-others biolab allows women to conduct basic tests for infections, cervical cancers, STDs and pregnancies. To complement the production of gynaecological and lab instruments, GynePunks, who have moved on to work in different constellations, organise workshops and performances to instigate collective material-affective encounters with biotechnologies and learning processes aimed at destigmatising, democratising and decolonising reproductive health from the clutches of biomedical violence.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Italian feminist self-managed health centres"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
At the beginning of the 1970s, feminist movements placed the body at the centre of their political reflection. In Italy, feminists loudly reclaimed the right of self-determination of women, opening a public polemic against what they denounced as the "medicalisation" of life, the naturalisation of sexuality and of reproductive functions, and the "pathologisation" of ways of being and desires considered "deviant" from normative womanhood. During this period, activists began opening a new kind of self-managed health centres, often in occupied spaces, focusing specifically on women's health and reproductive medicine. These centres were just one of the many practices that the feminist movement simultaneously developed during that period to address the lack of care and research focused on the female body.
|
||||
|
||||
Self-managed health centres were accompanied by other initiatives, such as the publication of informational pamphlets, self-help and consciousness-raising practices, networks in support of abortion. Feminist activists also performed symbolic occupations of hospitals and medical congresses to get the attention of the public.
|
||||
|
||||
As Silvia Federici explained, one of the limitations of these feminist health policies, one that she fears ended up weakening the overall movement, was the progressive separation between the struggles for the right to abortion on the one hand and a more inclusive demand for "reproductive justice" on the other. The latter could have been focusing more attentively on the demands of those women who were denied the possibility of reproduction, either for economic or racial reasons; women whose children were taken away or who were subjected to forced sterilisation.
|
||||
|
||||
_Note based on Rebelling with Care (WeMmake, 2019)._
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Njal.la"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Corporations use offshore locations to bypass taxation, regulatory oversight, labour and environmental protections. In the web of the global economy, offshore havens are the nodes in the dark web for the rich and the powerful. Those contesting corporate and political power, risking surveillance, policing and repression, have no such recourse.
|
||||
|
||||
Njal.la sets this right, even if in a small way. It is a privacy-aware domain name registrar and hosting service, founded by the former Pirate Bay founder Peter Sunde and incorporated in the offshore haven Nevis. Njal.la asks for no more than an email to register a domain or run a server on behalf of a user. It also accepts payments in cryptocurrencies, preserving anonymity on that end as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Njal.la has a strong policy of not complying to takedown requests of any actor, be that police, corporations or corporate associations, before there is a bona fide court decision, resisting, for instance, the policing of knowledge and cultural sharing or political activism. This makes it no favorite among copyright enforcing bodies such as the Record Industry Association of America and the Motion Pictures Association of America.
|
||||
|
||||
However, while privacy-preserving, Njal.la has strong politics of its own with a history of banning Nazi’s, pornography and other socially abusive websites.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "No More Deaths - No más muertes"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The militarisation of the US southern border, with the erection of border walls, remote surveillance systems and the violent pushbacks carried out by the Border Patrol, as well as the vigilante killings perpetrated by the Minutemen paramilitaries, have pushed migrants to increasingly seek remote and dangerous routes into the US. The dangerous corridors, leading across 30-80-mile stretches of the Arizona desert, can result in disorientation, loss of life-saving supplies, dehydration, injuries and ultimately death. It is estimated that since the introduction of “prevention through deterrence” policy in the mid-1990s, more than 10.000 lives have perished along the US-Mexico border.
|
||||
|
||||
Since 2004 the coalition of community and faith groups No More Deaths has been organising assistance to migrants to help them survive these dangerous crossings. On the north side of the border, the coalition’s volunteers provide year-round direct aid, by leaving water jugs, food, socks, blankets and other supplies in desert, conducting search and rescue for the disappeared and assisting migrants facing deportation, whereas in northern Mexico they run an information helpline and provide aid kits to reduce damage to health to those planning to cross the border.
|
||||
|
||||
Abiding by the principles of civil initiative action, where “people of conscience work openly and in community to uphold fundamental human rights”, No More Deaths are advocating for a reform of immigration policies, as well producing reports on the destruction of humanitarian aid, dangerous apprehension policies and disappearance of migrants at the hands of Border Patrol and Minutemen.
|
||||
|
||||
As a prominent case of criminalisation of solidarity, in 2018 the No More Deaths volunteer Scott Warren was arrested and charged with felony for allegedly giving food and water to two migrants in the west desert near Cabeza Prieta, facing five years in prison. In the year prior, eight volunteers were charged with misdemeanours for providing humanitarian aid. All were acquitted.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "No Name Kitchen"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
No Name Kitchen self-defines as “an independent movement working along the Balkans and the Mediterranean routes to promote humanitarian aid and political action for those who suffer the difficulties of extreme journeys and violent pushbacks.” The initiative was founded in 2017 in Belgrade, following the closing of the EU borders that left tens of thousands of people on the move stuck in transit countries such as Bosnia and Hercegovina, Serbia and Turkey, precipitating an unprecedented humanitarian crisis in refugee camps and a growing escalation of violence at the border.
|
||||
|
||||
No Name Kitchen’s volunteers are present in Šid (RS), Velika Kladuša and Bihać (BA), Podgorica (ME), Patras (GR), Ceuta (ES), providing aid in medical and hygiene supplies, clothes, sleeping bags, blankets, organising soup kitchens, medical care and legal assistance.
|
||||
|
||||
With a number of other initiatives assisting people on the Balkan route, No Name Kitchen established the Border Violence Monitoring Network, tasked with collecting testimonies of human rights abuses, violent pushbacks and unlawful deportations perpetrated by Croatian and Slovenian border authorities. The Network publishes monthly reports on pushbacks, including The Black Book of Pushbacks (December 2020), which documented over 12.000 human rights violations at the EU borders in Greece, Italy, Hungary, Croatia and Slovenia.
|
||||
|
||||
No Name Kitchen believes that the EU and the governments of these border countries should be held accountable for violations, that such injustices call for disobedience and that “humanitarian aid must include political action to provoke a change”.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "The Open Source Seed Initiative"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The Open Source Seed Initiative (OSSI) was established in the USA in 2011 with the mission to create a reservoir of seeds that couldn’t be patented. Its first open-source, un-patentable broccoli, kale and celery seeds were shared in the spring of 2014.
|
||||
|
||||
In this era of ownership, the consolidation of seed companies has meant the consolidation of control over germplasm, the industry’s most essential tool. The plant breeders behind OSSI decry that trend for the constraints it puts on their individual breeding work, but they also see its damage in global terms, in terms of decreasing variety and democratic processes around food sovereignty.
|
||||
For most of human history, seeds have naturally been part of the commons. But with the advent of plant-related intellectual property, they become a resource to be mined for private gain. It took seed companies nearly a century to be able to apply utility patents (1980).
|
||||
|
||||
Inspired by open-source software, OSSI’s initial idea was to use “the master’s tools” of intellectual property, but in ways the master never intended: to create and enforce an ethic of sharing. Unfortunately however, developing open source licenses for seeds is not that easy. Plant breeding isn’t governed by copyright law, and by breeding a plant one does not automatically own it. One would need to patent the plant first in order to then claim the “patent left” of declaring it open source. Moreover, normally patents and licenses need to last for only one generation of plants. But open source was supposed to allow the material to proliferate, which means OSSI would need to make sure that its license accompanied every new generation of plant.
|
||||
|
||||
OSSI is continuing to look for alternatives to the increasing seed monopolies held by companies such as Monsanto, Syngenta and Dow. For the moment, its licence works as a pledge which works as a “copyleft commitment”.
|
||||
|
||||
_This text is freely readapted from Lisa Hamilton’s article ‘Linux for Lettuce’, VQR, summer 2014. and OSSI website._
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Partisan hospitals"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
During the People's Liberation War in Yugoslavia, under the extreme conditions of guerrilla warfare, partisan medical services performed a key strategic role in providing care for the sick and the wounded, saving thousands of civilian lives and returning thousands back into the battle. Although the presence of the wounded can have a crippling effect on the operational capacity of an army, the testament to People's Liberation Army's ethos of care is that the fiercest battles of WWII — the battles of Neretva and Sutjeska — were fought with the imperative of not leaving anyone behind.
|
||||
|
||||
PLA's medical services were set up immediately as part of partisan detachments in 1941. They followed the same decentralised model, organised into an elaborate territorial network of central hospitals with many dispersed smaller wards, as well as mobile teams that followed the troops. Hospitals were set up both in occupied and liberated territories, and while initially lacking in medical personnel, facilities and equipment, as the PLA grew and the liberated territories expanded, medical services developed in capacity and experience. Equipment and medicines (including vaccines) were sourced by raids of enemy troops and hospitals, as well as contraband from the cities.
|
||||
|
||||
Medical services were organised by experienced medical staff, consisting largely of women and minorities fleeing the Nazi occupiers and the quislings. However, they depended also on the support of the local population. For instance, Partisan hospital no. 7 on Mt. Javornica, above the village of Vukelić was built by local carpenters, whereas food supplies and cleaning work was provided by local women organised through the committees of the Antifascist Front of Women.
|
||||
|
||||
This complex and, by war’s end, a well-organised system of overall 573 hospitals managed not only to provide care for the wounded but also coordinate the prevention of epidemics, the manufacture of medical supplies, and the training of medical staff, thereby laying the foundation for a rapid expansion of public healthcare in the immediate post-war years of socialism.
|
||||
|
||||
_Note based on the research of Djordje Dragić and Sanja Horvatinčić._
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Planka.nu"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Planka.nu fights for a fare-free public transportation, where workers and commuters are in charge. It is a campaign aimed at toppling “the traffic power structure, where cities are built for cars and mobility is forced upon us”.
|
||||
|
||||
The main component of the campaign has been the P-kassan (P-fund). It is a fund where members pay a monthly fee and the fund pays back any fines they might incur if they are caught free-riding. The fund has a few hundred members and membership costs 100 SEK per month.
|
||||
|
||||
While Planka.nu had initially focused on the ticket prices, the initiative quickly realized that the prices are just a part of the larger politics of transport. This became particularly evident once they understood that the urban free-ways were developed using funds originally destined for public transportation. Roads are financed by tax money and are free to use, whereas public transportation is financed by fares and is not free at the point of use.
|
||||
|
||||
In Stockholm, all those who make less than 75,000 kronor per month (about 8,300 euros) would benefit if a small tax was levied to finance public transportation. Free public transportation is a way of taking from the richest and giving to the rest of the society. Furthermore, the present, controlled system of public transport, where tickets can increasingly be bought only by electronic means, is also a way to police the paperless and the poor, extending structural exclusions into the realm of mobility.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (Platform for People Affected by Mortgages)"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
In February 2009, after the Spanish government had shown itself incapable of enforcing Article 47 of the Spanish Constitution — declaring that “all Spaniards have the right to enjoy decent and adequate housing” — a citizens’ assembly was held in Barcelona to establish the Platform for People Affected by Mortgages, or the PAH (Spanish: Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca).
|
||||
|
||||
This grassroots organization takes direct action to combat the foreclosures which were evicting people from their homes at an alarming rate following the 2008 financial crash that bursted the speculative housing bubble in Spain. The PAH had successfully stopped more than 2,000 evictions by 2016. By 2017 the PAH had 220 local branches across Spain.
|
||||
|
||||
The PAH is organised horizontally by assembly. Weekly meetings are offered to newcomers (Welcoming Assembly) and smaller sessions are organized for those in need of emotional support. The weekly Actions and Coordinating Assembly discusses the host of actions the movement has in gestation and decides on the day-to-day responsibilities of the attendees. Everyone present is asked to contribute to one small but essential part of the PAH —to help out with cleaning, to update the calendar, to record minutes, to keep track of time, for instance — and all are rotated every week.
|
||||
|
||||
The PAH’s Obra Social (Social Work) is the body which — when the bank is not prepared to find alternative housing for the tenant — will help the evicted family occupy one of the thousands of empty apartments owned by the banks. But to say that the banks actually ‘own’ these empty flats is, as one PAH organizer put it, entirely misleading, for it was the Spanish people who bailed out these banks during the crisis, and it is therefore the Spanish people who own these properties.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Plumbers for Flint"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
In January, 2016, over 300 Union Plumbers travelled to the town of Flint, Michigan, to voluntarily install free water filters for residents following the water crisis that has engulfed the city since 2014. Following 2008 recession that not only resulted in a housing crisis but also in the loss of further jobs at General Motors, main employer of the town, in 2010 Michigan elected governor Rick Snyder, who appointed an Emergency Financial Manager (EFM), an individual who is appointed by the governor to take control of a local government under a financial emergency. In this instance, the usual powers of mayor and the city council no longer apply. EFMs disproportionately affect African American populations in the state, with over half living under EFM, even though African Americans only constitute 14% of Michigan’s population.
|
||||
|
||||
As part of fiscal tightening, water infrastructure became a target. A temporary solution identified by the then EFM Darnell Earley was to use the Flint River instead of the Detroit River to supply the city water. It is widely known that the Flint River is heavily polluted from GM activities. To make the water drinkable, an anti-corrosion agent needed to be added, estimated at a cost of $100 a day to prevent lead leaching, which the EFM decided was too expensive.
|
||||
|
||||
Since the switch, 12 people to date have died from Legionnaires, and more than 90 others have survived it, living with lasting effects and health problems. The E.Coli bacteria was also discovered in the supply, where authority addressed this by adding bleach to the system. Less than six months after the switch, Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, made the results of her study of lead poisoning in Flint’s children public.
|
||||
|
||||
In the same year, GM complained that the water was corroding and rusting their engine parts. GM paid to be re-connected back to the Detroit River. At the same time the governors’ office, and city council were all using bottled water, but insisted the water supply was safe.
|
||||
|
||||
_Text by Kim Trogal_
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Protection Marriage - Schutzehe"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
“There are many reasons to marry, one being solidarity and support for refugees and immigrants. Marriage is a possibility to protect people from deportation and help provide them with permanent residential rights.” These are the opening words of a multilingual guide (available in Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian-Montenegrin, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Turkish) to Protection Marriage[^1], written by the artist Silke Wagner as part of the exhibition "Niemand ist eine Insel" at the Gesellschaft für Aktuelle Kunst in Bremen 2003 and drafted initially in 1999 within a kein mensch ist illegal publication.
|
||||
|
||||
Marriages and civil partnerships between migrants and citizenship-holders, between foreigners and locals, are subject to scrutiny in a manner that other marriages and civil partnerships are not, no matter if they are out of interest or out of “romantic love”. Ultimately, marriage is a formalisation of a social unit that has undeniable material and ideological underpinnings in modern societies, a privileged way of securing economic stability, child-rearing and social reproduction, with its internal divisions of domestic labor and care. Therefore, interest and entitlements are always present in every marriage, however are expected to remain tacit.
|
||||
|
||||
As the German collective against discrimination D.A.S.H points out, the scrutiny and the criminalisation of binational marriages has to stop. After all, the same motive of citizens of other countries that were willing to marry Germans fleeing Nazi prosecution is held in high regard. However, protection marriage is just a patch on a system that produces injustices. Therefore, the right to residence should be universalised, so as to make married foreigners not dependent on their local counterparts for their right to stay in a country.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Rameshwari Photocopy Services"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
On 14 August 2012, the premises of the Rameshwari Photocopy Services were raided by order of the Delhi High Court, following a petition for copyright infringement that Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press and Taylor & Francis had filed against the photocopy shop and Delhi University. Rameshwari had been tasked by Delhi School of Economics to produce course packs consisting of photocopied excerpts from copyright-protected works, sold to students at 0.40 rupee per page, making these teaching materials affordable to Indian students of modest means.
|
||||
|
||||
The case concerned the scope of copyright exception for education under Section 52(1)(i)(i) of the Indian Copyright Act allowing ‘reproduction of any work… by a teacher or a pupil in the course of instruction.’ The publishers insisted on a narrow interpretation of this exception, that would have severely limited the capacity to reproduce and access teaching materials. Delhi University - supported by the Society for Promoting Educational Access and Knowledge, and the Association of Students for Equitable Access to Knowledge - argued that such an interpretation risked limiting the constitutional right to education and the attendant right of access to knowledge, thus deepening inequalities in a society riven by divisions of caste and class, and a global system of education characterised by huge economic disparities between academic communities.
|
||||
|
||||
In an unprecedented decision four years later, the Delhi high court ruled against the Publishers: against the tendency to interpret copyright as a right of exclusion, benefiting the private interest of entities mostly located in the Global North, and in favour of the public right of equitable access to knowledge. This has global implications.
|
||||
|
||||
The legal case sparked massive protests by students and academics who took to the streets across India and engaged in acts of civil disobedience.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Refugee Convoy - Schienenersatzverkehr für Flüchtlinge"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Late in August 2015, after the suspension of the Dublin Regulation, thousands of refugees fleeing the war in Syria found themselves at the gates of the Budapest Keleti train station, hoping to continue their journey onwards to Austria, Germany and beyond. As the Hungarian government decided to seal its borders, it also prevented refugees from entering the Keleti station. After two days of intense stand-off, on August 30th the refugees were allowed to board the train heading westwards, but then the train was stopped at Bicske to force the passengers to register in the local camp for asylum seekers, which many resisted and started to walk toward the border.
|
||||
|
||||
Just two days earlier, on August 28th, 2015, a parked lorry was discovered on an Austrian highway, holding inside 71 dead migrants. In response to this emergency and with refugees walking toward the border, the collective Erzsebet Szabo opened a Facebook page, calling onto people in Austria to organise on September 6th a convoy of cars to help the refugees walking toward Austria and stuck in Budapest cross safely into Austria, bring them to the train stations in Austria or to the German border, so that they could continue their journey. In spite of the fact that helping refugees across the border was illegal (a misdemeanour in Austria, a felony in Germany), over 170 cars joined the action on that day. In unusual circumstances, where thousands took to the streets to protest the actions of Sebastian Kurz’s government, many did not shy away from taking to collective disobedience. Austrian police initiated investigations against some of the participants, however did not press charges.
|
||||
|
||||
In October 2015, at the Open Border Congress, Refugee Convoy was awarded Lisa Fittko Prize (named after a woman who in 1940/1941 helped 2000 people cross the Pyrenees to freedom) and in April 2016, the Ute Bock Prize for Civil Courage awarded by SOS Mitmensch.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Science Hub"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Science Hub, the "Robin Hood of access to science", provides public access to tens of millions of scientific articles that are protected by intellectual property law and legally available only to academic institutions and individuals that can pay exorbitant subscriptions or per-article prices. Science Hub was created in 2011 by Alexandra Elbakyan, a Kazakhstan computer science student, who a couple of years earlier developed a script to circumvent paywalls to access articles she and her school could not afford. After repeatedly being asked to share articles, she set up a website that functions as a search engine and a repository of all retrieved articles. Ten years later, it provides access to over 60 million, or around 85% of all articles behind paywalls, serving largely requests coming from low- and middle-income countries.
|
||||
|
||||
Since 2015 Science Hub has been sued by the likes of Elsevier for damages running into tens of millions of dollars. Sci-hub has had a number of its domains revoked over recent years, and recently Twitter also revoked its account, following an injunction from an Indian court initiated again by Elsevier — the largest among the oligopoly of five commercial publishers, famous for the staggering 37% profits it makes from the articles that scientists write, review and edit for free. Losing domains is a given for "shadow libraries", but Elbakyan managed to keep the servers out of reach of the authorities where it was sued. Regardless of the massive support of the scientists and the public, the website has recently again come under a mounting legal pressure, motivating Redditors on r/DataHoarder to organise a rescue mission and create a distributed backup of Sci-hub.
|
||||
|
||||
Elbakyan holds that the Mertonian ideals of science are grounded in the "common ownership of knowledge (i.e. communism)" and that the copyright should be abolished. By choosing not to hide but rather to speak out in the media and in her letters to courts, she has upheld the principle that the public has the right to knowledge and has chosen to act in the tradition of disobedience disrespecting the unjust laws.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Sea-Watch"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Sea-Watch is a civilian search and rescue organisation helping migrants survive arguably the deadliest migration route in the world — the short stretch of the Mediterranean Sea leading from Northern Africa to South Europe. Since 2014 over 600,000 migrants have made the passage, yet over 16,000 have perished in shipwrecks.
|
||||
|
||||
The Sea-Watch grew out of an initiative of volunteers who could not stand by idly as people were drowning. In late 2014 they acquired a 20m sea cutter and in May 2015 the Sea-Watch I was in Lampedusa on its first mission — assisting the European-Union-coordinated sea rescue operations by conducting search for boats in distress and navigating larger ships to take people on board and bring them to a safety in European ports.
|
||||
|
||||
In 2016 the EU started to roll back its commitment to search and rescue, so in May the new vessel Sea-Watch II was for the first time instructed to take on board rescuees. With the full reversal of the EU border regime to violent pushbacks, only the civilian organisations such as SOS Mediterranée, Doctors without Borders, Jugend Rettet and Sea-Watch were left to actively save people at sea. The about-turn also lead to the denial of entry into Italian and Maltese ports, where civilian sea and rescue ships were bringing refugees to safety, culminating in the seizing of Jugend Rettet's Iuventa under captain Pia Klemp in August 2017 and the arrest of captain Carola Rackete in July 2019.
|
||||
|
||||
The civilian sea and rescue organisations are estimated to have saved 100,000 lives since 2014. Currently, Sea-Watch operates the 55m Sea-Watch 3, the 60m Sea-Watch 4 in cooperation with Doctors without Borders and two reconnaissance planes Moonbird and Seabird.
|
||||
|
||||
Sea-Watch considers its mission only a patch applied against a symptom, whereas the real solution is political — securing a safe passage for all migrants.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Sezonieri"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
While the migration regimes of the Global North have over the last half a century shifted toward the criminalisation of cross-border migration, their economies have perpetuated the illegal migration flows to continue to exploit cheap labour, particularly in the low-paying sectors such as farming. This border geography of criminalised yet encouraged illegal migration sustains the agricultural sectors in the south of the US and across Europe.
|
||||
|
||||
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it evident that the global food production system is fragile — undermined by decades of economic streamlining, worker abuse and extractivism that have crippled social and ecological systems from being able to absorb and deal with major disruptions. Once the lockdowns and border closures were imposed in early 2020, and the migration flows were interrupted, the countries such as Britain, Germany or Austria had to organise special fly-in programmes for workers from Eastern European countries so that they could come pick their asparagus and salad. These workers and their communities were provided with no epidemiologically safe accommodation nor medical care.
|
||||
|
||||
To counter such migration regimes, Sezonieri — an activist-led and trade-union supported campaign for the rights of migrant agricultural workers in Austria — has been working with seasonal workers to prevent exploitation, improve working conditions and help enforce their rights to minimum wage, overtime, health coverage, vacation and accommodation. In their outreach activities, Sezonieri's activists go to farms to meet the workers, thus facing the threat of being charged with trespassing on private land.
|
||||
|
||||
In the midst of the pandemic, when there were even stricter limits to such canvassing, they have focused on putting a list of demands onto the political agenda - for higher wages, better sanitary conditions, compensation for the increased health risk incurred by migrant agricultural workers, as well as for the abolition of nativist and anti-migrant discourses, the de-criminalisation of migration, and the creation of a more just system of food production.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Soprasotto"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Soprasotto is a self-managed kindergarden opened in 2013 by a group of parents who wanted to find a solution to the fact that their children were not admitted to public kindergardens. This was due to the fact that the application requirements are still privileging parents with traditional permanent contracts, de facto excluding the many precarious people who are self-employed or freelance. In Milan, the number of places available in public crèches is not sufficient to satisfy the demand: 30% of children are left out every year (around 3.000 children). Those who can pay private nurseries do so, however this is not an option for many. Private kindergartens fees range between 650 to 900 EU per month, while public ones charge between 180 to 480 EU.
|
||||
|
||||
The monthly fee charged to parents by Soprasotto is 350 EU. It employs two full-time qualified nursery teachers. Other costs are kept low by a combination of novel approaches. There are no 'service' figures, but interchangeable roles that the parents take on in rotation to ensure that the daily organization, the feeding of children and educators, special activities and the general administration can run smoothly. Rent is kept low via a partnership with another third sector organization that allows children to use their space, which would otherwise be under-utilised during day time. A set of purpose-built furniture that is children-friendly and that can be swifty stacked away after use has been developed with a local makerspace, WeMake. Meals are prepared by the parents on rotation, a solution that generated quite a few problems for the collective, as it formally violates some of the official health & safety laws regulating food preparation in such settings.
|
||||
|
||||
SopraSotto is managed by the parents' assembly which meets monthly and is responsible for deciding on organizational issues and, in agreement with the teachers, on special projects and activities. The kindergarten is also conceived as an open social space with strong relations with the neighborhood in which it is located. Travelling in purpose-built trolleys, the children enjoy regular trips to the market, the library, a nearby collectively-run garden and to the shops of local artisans.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "The Piracy Project"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The Piracy Project is a collection of publications documenting manifold ways in which books are transformed in their passage across ages, borders and cultures. The project includes over 150 bootleg print publications, photocopies and artistic appropriations in the book form from all over the world. Artists Andrea Francke and Eva Weinmayr have collected these since 2010, from visits to small book markets around the world, and through public calls for contributions.
|
||||
|
||||
Items in the collections typically diverge from their originals, for example a novel containing two extra chapters, a newspaper containing only errata and corrections, or contain binding errors such as upside-down pages. As Francke and Weinmayr write, “The Piracy Project is not about stealing or forgery. It is about creating a platform to innovatively explore the spectrum of copying / re-editing / translating / paraphrasing / imitating / re-organising / manipulating of already existing works. Here creativity and originality is not in the borrowed material itself, but in the way it is handled.” There is an online catalogue for the collection with a description and provenance for each item.
|
||||
|
||||
Using the collection Francke and Weinmayr have organised exhibitions, reading groups, performative legal debates and published an evolving reader, titled Borrowing, Poaching, Plagiarising, Pirating, Stealing, Gleaning, Referencing, Leaking, Copying, Imitating, Adapting, Faking, Paraphrasing, Quoting, Reproducing, Using, Counterfeiting, Repeating, Translating, Cloning (AND Publishing, 2014).
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Tracktor Hacking"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
To avoid the locks that John Deere puts on the tractors they buy, farmers throughout America have started hacking their equipment with firmware that's cracked in Eastern Europe and traded on invite-only, paid online forums. Tractor hacking is growing increasingly popular because John Deere and other manufacturers have made it impossible to perform "unauthorized" repair on farm equipment, which farmers see as an attack on their sovereignty and quite possibly an existential threat to their livelihood if their tractor breaks at an inopportune time.
|
||||
|
||||
A license agreement John Deere required farmers to sign in October 2016 forbids nearly all repair and modification to farming equipment, and prevents farmers from suing for "crop loss, lost profits, loss of goodwill, loss of use of equipment … arising from the performance or non-performance of any aspect of the software." The agreement applies to anyone who turns the key or otherwise uses a John Deere tractor with embedded software. It means that only John Deere dealerships and "authorized" repair shops can work on newer tractors.
|
||||
|
||||
Farmers have been pushing for right-to-repair legislation that would invalidate John Deere's license agreement. In the meantime, they have started hacking their machines because even simple repairs are made impossible by the embedded software within the tractor.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Trans care - access to hormones"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
If a pharmaceutical company makes more money from selling a given medicine in one country rather than another, it is inclined to sell the total amount required by both countries to the more profitable market.
|
||||
|
||||
The unavailability of certain medicines is one of the many factors limiting the possibility for transgender people to access safe pathways for hormone intake, as it encourages the production and sale of testosterone of dubious origins. Indeed, in Italy and in most of the other countries, this type of drug is only prescribed as therapy for hypogonadal cisgender people (that is, people who feel that their birth-assigned sex and gender match their gender identity). Therefore, so-called "gender dysphoria" (when people feel their birth-assigned sex and gender do not match their gender identity) is not among the authorised conditions for using hormone-based medicines.
|
||||
|
||||
Transgender people are thus trapped in a paradox. On the one hand, the recent depathologisation of gender dysphoria can be seen as a cultural and civil victory. On the other, it has left a definitional void that needs to be filled to guarantee access to medical care to everyone. In fact, this void pushes people who take hormones for gender transition to do so "under the counter", because for official healthcare systems they are non-existent.
|
||||
|
||||
Trans communities often advise and support each other via social media and other online channels to reduce the risks associated with purchasing and taking unauthorised hormones.
|
||||
|
||||
All the while, estrogens are not as much in the spotlight as testosterone; indeed, since they are not used for sport (and war), there is no such a lucrative black market for them. Open Source Estrogen, a collaborative project led by the artist Mary Maggic, stands between citizen science and speculative design and has the ambition to develop DIY/DIWO (do-it-with-others) protocols for the "domestic" synthesis of estrogen hormones as a response to the strong control by governments and institutions over human bodies.
|
||||
|
||||
_Note based on Rebelling with Care (WeMake, 2019)._
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Wiindo Debwe Mosewin Patrol Thunder Bay"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Wiindo Dwebe Mosewin Patrol is a group of around 40 volunteers who are patrolling the streets of Thunder Bay, Ontario, protecting members of indigenous communities from hate crimes and racist violence perpetrated by gangs and police.
|
||||
|
||||
With high endemic substance use, Northwestern Ontario has drawn gangs and guns from Toronto and Ottawa, and Thunder Bay has become the capital of Canada for homicide and hate crimes targeted at the city’s First Nations people who constitute 13 percent of its population.
|
||||
|
||||
However, an 2018 inquest into Thunder Bay’s police investigations of 37 murders of indigenous victims since 2009 determined that the police has systematically failed “conduct adequate investigations and the premature conclusions drawn in these cases is, at least in part, attributable to racist attitudes and racial stereotyping …” In fact, the Thunder Bay police is itself suspect of racialised violence, such as driving members of indigenous communities outside of the city and leaving them, at the risk of freezing to death, to try to make it through the cold back to the city, a practice called “starlight tour”.
|
||||
|
||||
The conditions of structural racism necessitated that the indigineous communities organise their own safety protocols to protect their members, while avoiding the involvement of police. Wiindo Debwe Mosewin thus organises regular patrols around Thunder Bay in the night to protect people in distress, particularly women, two-spirit people and youth - and collect their stories through the ancestral oral-culture practices, creating a different narrative to that provided by officials.
|
||||
|
||||
As Wiindo Debwe Mosewin state: “We believe that safety, equity, peace and abundance are possible for everyone. We believe in a world without prisons or police. We walk the path of decolonization by centering the voices and experience of women, two spirit people and those who resist being excluded, oppressed and bullied. We believe that those in power need us more than we need them. We believe that every one of us is damaged by settler colonialism and deserves to heal and to become a healer.”
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Women on Waves"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Women on Waves is a non-governmental organisation founded in 1999 by the Dutch physician Rebecca Gomperts to prevent unsafe abortions and unwanted pregnancies. The organisation provides sexual health services and education to women in countries with restrictive laws around reproductive rights.
|
||||
|
||||
WoW sails a ship registered in the Netherlands to countries where abortion is illegal. By anchoring outside territorial waters, they are able to provide contraceptives, education and legal abortion to women who need them. They are able to do so because in international waters local laws do not apply. It is thus the Dutch law that applies on board a WoW’s ship, which means that all their activities are legal. In 2018, the organisation received a license to perform abortions with pills (misoprostol with or without mifepristone). The crew includes a gynaecologist and a specialised nurse so abortions can be provided safely and to the highest standards.
|
||||
|
||||
With their ship missions, WoW want to respond to an urgent medical need but also, crucially, to draw public attention to the consequences of unwanted pregnancy and illegal abortion. WoW has created enormous public interest after successful campaigns in Ireland (2001, 2015), Poland (2003, 2018), Portugal (2004) and Spain (2008). WoW always works in close collaboration with local organisations to change the laws in their countries. For instance, the campaign in Portugal catalysed the abortion legalisation in February 2007.
|
||||
|
||||
WoW have recently also used robots for across-the-border abortion counselling and drones for across-the-border abortion pill deliveries. WoW also have a sister organisation called Women on Web, providing reliable information on safe abortion and contraception and safe telemedical abortion service. They have also created a “Safe Abortion with Pills” app, which is available for free from the Google Play store for Android phones.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "The agricultural pipeline"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Among the many systemic flows that the coronavirus emergency has brought to light there is also the unsustainability of capitalist industrial model of agricultural production. The supplies that sustain the nutritional needs of millions of people are organised across global chains of production that are unequal as they are unsustainable.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the issues of the industrial agricultural model is the length of the supply chains, which makes them vulnerable to potential bottlenecks. Yet another problem for many countries is their dependency on far away producers who might decide to reduce or suspend imports during a crisis. Not to mention the overall environmental impact of agro-business (see .
|
||||
|
||||
In this session, we consider specifically the pirate care initiatives that are confronting one specific aspect of the food supply chain: the fact that limitations on movement and the closure of borders to face the epidemic are causing a shortage of cheap labor, often of foreign origin, on which industrial agriculture is based. The considitions in which this kind of agricultural labour is undertaken are often brutal, facing extremely low wages and long hours; informal arrengements with the employers that are mediated by organised crime cartels; mixed with the constant fears associated with the status of being an irregular migrant subject to racism and social discrimination. Many seasonal workers are also refusing to migrate for the season as they fear for their health and of not being able to get back to their countries of origin.
|
||||
|
||||
Below some resources to support our collective learning and mobilizing around this issue.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Initiatives / demands
|
||||
|
||||
*(concrete pirate care and bottom-up practices, both emerging and pre-exisitng)*
|
||||
|
||||
In Italy, the ngo Terra! and the trade union Flai CGIL call for an amnesty against the Coronavirus, to ensure access to care and clean work for those who live in the ghettos of our country. The proposal was launched in an open letter addressed to the President of the Republic, Sergio Mattarella, and Ministers Teresa Bellanova (Agriculture), Nunzia Catalfo (Work), Lamorgese (Interior), Roberto Speranza (Health) and Provenzano (South).
|
||||
SOURCE: [Regolarizzare i braccianti stranieri per proteggerli dal Coronavirus e dal caporalato](http://www.terraonlus.it/2020/03/20/regolarizzare-braccianti-coronavirus-caporalato/), 20 Mrch 2020.
|
||||
|
||||
# Other news
|
||||
|
||||
*(other news that impact the situation)*
|
||||
|
||||
In the UK, where 98% of harvest workers are migrants, the industry has issued a campain called 'Feed the Nation', which calls for a 'land army of employees' to support British farmers and growers. Yet, despite the campaign targeting "students, job seekers and anyone who has been laid off work due to the impact of Covid-19, such as those working in hospitality and catering", only 10,000 people signed up to pick fruit and vegetables, leaving around 90,000 positions still vacant.
|
||||
|
||||
From the [Feed the Nation ad](https://www.concordiavolunteers.org.uk/feed-the-nation), Concordia Volunteers:
|
||||
> Working on farms can be tough – It can be hard work, long hours, early starts, in sometimes difficult weather conditions. We want to be open and honest with you. You will be at least paid minimum wage and many farms pay National Living Wage or more, depending on how much fruit and/or vegetables you harvest, and the role you do on the farm.
|
||||
|
||||
SOURCES: [Call for Brits to pick fruit and veg amid coronavirus outbreak](https://www.farminguk.com/news/call-for-brits-to-pick-fruit-and-veg-amid-coronavirus-outbreak_55237.html?fbclid=IwAR0_QKOUQfn7rdG6kkgSIKu7Fr7fvpF8Qnd9qXllJ1sH7TSVB_tJiF76Z-Y)
|
||||
[Government urged to charter planes to bring farm workers to UK](https://www.farminguk.com/news/government-urged-to-charter-planes-to-bring-farm-workers-to-uk_55326.html)
|
||||
|
||||
From Austria: [Hauptsache billig: Was Corona über die Ausbeutung von Erntearbeiter innen verrät](https://mosaik-blog.at/erntearbeiter-ausbeutung-corona-sezonieri/), an article by the Sezonieri campaign about the current situation, placing it in the context of prevailing practice in agricultural seasonal work.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Commentaries
|
||||
|
||||
*(critical thinking / analysis pieces - also not corona-specific, but about the issue in focus)*
|
||||
|
||||
# Other resources
|
||||
|
||||
*(links to other repositories, syllabi, practical adivses, how-to, etc.)*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Sezonieri (AT)](http://www.sezonieri.at/en/startseite_en/)
|
||||
|
||||
Sezonieri.at are a coalition of PRO-GE trade union with agricultural workers´ activists. They cooperate with non-governmental organizations which stand up for the rights of harvest workers. They represent the interests of agricultural workers. They want to prevent the exploitation of farm workers, improve their working conditions, and have the experience to enforce rights – if necessary – through the courts and with public authorities / administrative bodies.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Antipsychiatry, Mad Pride, and a History of Survivor-Led Organizing"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Here we want to look at some critical perspectives that come out of the experience of attempting to 'treat' or being treated within the psychiatric context.
|
||||
|
||||
# Recommended Reading
|
||||
|
||||
-  (page 31)
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
-  & , Voice Collective
|
||||
- Voice Collective is a UK-wide, London-based project that supports children and young people who hear voices, see visions, have other ‘unusual’ sensory experiences or beliefs. We also offer support for parents/families, and training for youth workers, social workers, mental health professionals and other supporters.
|
||||
|
||||
- Compassion for Voices: A Tale of Courage and Hope”, Compassion for Voices
|
||||
- http://compassionforvoices.com/videos/compassion-for-voices-film
|
||||
- A website to support and promote compassionate approaches to voices and other experiences. Workshops, trainings, resources. This short film outlines their approach.
|
||||
|
||||
- Watch "PROTEST PSYCHIATRY - protesting the American Psychiatric Association (APA)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGcL6ntKuR0&feature=emb_title to hear firsthand what some of the folks there have to say
|
||||
|
||||
# Further Reading
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- "Schizophrenia has no existence but that of an exploitable fiction. Madness exists as the delusion that consists in really uttering an unsayable truth in an unspeakable situation."
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- UNIT 6. Alternative approaches, reformers, antipsychiatry, and defectors from within
|
||||
- UNIT 7.Survivors, users, outsiders, and the push for new practices
|
||||
|
||||
-
|
||||
- Is the schizo just unable to place or name their desire? or is it a process wreaking havoc on the continuity of society and if so, isn't that exactly what we need more of? How to support the figure of the schizo while avoiding their internal breakdown. Some ongoing questions in the form of pretty theory that's admittedly dense, but with a certain poetry and madness to it as well.
|
||||
|
||||
# Discussion
|
||||
|
||||
- Are mental health crises or atypical behavior characterized differently by survivors of psychiatric treatment than in some of the other texts we've looked at?
|
||||
- What are some of the pillars of the anti-psychiatry movement?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "How to assist people in home isolation"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Drafted by the [Pirate Care Syllabus](http://syllabus.pirate.care/) crew. Last edit: March 21, 12am CST.*
|
||||
|
||||
*Ovaj dokument dostupan je i na hrvatskom: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Dieses Dokument existiert auch in einer deutschen Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Hay una versión de este documento en español: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Rationale for organising assistance
|
||||
|
||||
The most significant thing people can do to reduce the virus spread and the mortality is to practice avoid close contact (2 meters distance in closed spaces, 1 meter in open air), working from home and home isolation. People belonging to at-risk groups (over 60 years of age and/or suffering from chronic conditions such as cardiovascular and heart diseases, high or low blood pressure, diabetes, lung or immune system diseases), should not leave their home. People who have recently travelled, or people who have onset symptoms, and are advised or ordered to go into isolation, have to stay at home and avoid contact with others. In many places, as lock-down measures are introduced, everyone else, who doesn't have a duty to go to work, should remain at home and leave only to do necessary purchases. Thereby we lower the risk of further significant spread.
|
||||
|
||||
The home isolation, however, creates significant obstacles to securing the regular provision of food, medicines, toiletries and other consumables, as well as obstacles to attending to routine tasks such as taking out the rubbish or collecting mail. Isolation implies a radical workaround of how those who are in isolation organise their daily lives. And the conditions of isolation might lead to disorientation, lack of social contact, and emotional difficulties.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are not in an at-risk group and wish to organise as a group or as an individual to assist your family members, friends, neighbours or strangers, here are the things you can take into consideration to build different scenarios how to assist them in their needs during home isolation:
|
||||
|
||||
# Let them know you are ready to assist
|
||||
|
||||
You can let them know that you can provide assistance by posting a note in the building entrance, leaving a note under or next to their door, or ringing them up. You can also publicise it on social media or on a webpage, but assume that older people might not be Internet-savvy, so rely on paper and phone. Leave a phone number as a contact and basic information about yourself or your group to establish initial trust. Let them know in your note that if they themselves might not need assistance that they can inform their friends and family who might need assistance that you are offering help.
|
||||
|
||||
Your initial note can be very simple, for example:
|
||||
|
||||
> Dear neighbours,
|
||||
|
||||
> if you need assistance with getting your food and medical provisions, collecting mail or taking out your dog for a walk please give us a call at
|
||||
|
||||
> [your phone number here]
|
||||
|
||||
> and we'll do those errands for you, taking necessary measures to precaution not to expose you to the contaigon.
|
||||
|
||||
> Stay at home and stay healthy, please do not hesitate to contact us, we're here to help,
|
||||
|
||||
> [Describe shortly who you are and your name, e.g. "Neighbour from the ground floor", "Neighbourhood mutual aid group"]
|
||||
|
||||
# What to consider when arranging assistance
|
||||
|
||||
When arranging assistance make sure to:
|
||||
- Go with the person in home isolation through guidelines on home isolation, assistance to at risk groups and similar official guidance, [e.g. Irish Health Care guideline](https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/coronavirus/self-isolation-and-limited-social-interaction.html) to establish what they need to do to organise their daily life during a prolonged home isolation and what they need to organise it in that way?
|
||||
- What provisions do they need? Can you order that online and have it delivered, or is it better that you deliver the provisions yourself?
|
||||
- Do they have the medicines they need? Do they need a prescription? Can you pick up their medication from the pharmacy? Do they have masks, soap and desinfectants? Do they have a thermometer and fever and cough medicine?
|
||||
- Can they prepare a meal or do they need help? Can you make them a meal? Or instead arrange to have food delivered to them from a soup or solidarity kitchen?
|
||||
- Do they need to have their rubbish put out or mail collected?
|
||||
- Do they have a house pet? Does it need to be walked?
|
||||
- Do they have money? Do they have cash? Can they pay online? Do they have a trusted person who can withdraw cash for them? Do they need financial assistance?
|
||||
- To minimise your movement, try to plan and do errands for several days at once.
|
||||
|
||||
# What to consider when delivering items
|
||||
|
||||
When delivering things, consider also the following:
|
||||
- Avoid close contact (2 meters in closed space and 1 meter in opern air, and keep the interaction short) to prevent the transmission of the virus by air.
|
||||
- It is best to drop things in front of their door for them to collect once you have moved away to the advised distance.
|
||||
- They can also do the same with rubbish or anything they have to give to you.
|
||||
- If you can't avoid direct social contact, the person in isolation should wear a mask. First leave them a mask if they don't have one.
|
||||
- Carefully handle the items in order to avoid transmission of the virus via surfaces. Use disposable gloves to handle items you will deliver and things you are taking over.
|
||||
|
||||
# What to consider if you live with the person in home isolation
|
||||
|
||||
Persons who are in isolation, either because they might be or are infected, or because they belong to one of the at-risk groups, frequently will live in a shared household with other people. For those who are older, seriously ill, infirm or disabled who depend on the assistance of others, yet live in locations and situations where such assistance cannot be provided by qualified institutions and trained carers, the advised social distancing and isolation might not be easily implementable, and direct contact will be necessary. If you have a person in isolation in your home or are a live-in carer, consider the advice for carers for children or someone else in self-isolation in the following [guideline](https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/self-isolation-and-self-quarantine/how-to-self-isolate.html).
|
||||
|
||||
In short:
|
||||
- If possible, the person in isolation should use a separate room. Regularly ventilate and disinfect the room.
|
||||
- If possible, that person should use a separate toilet and bathroom. Otherwise, toilet and bathroom have to be disinfected after use.
|
||||
- That person should be isolated from other persons in the household who belong to one of the at-risk groups.
|
||||
- If that person needs the care of other persons, reduce the number of carers. If the person is infected, make sure that the carers don't belong to one of the at-risk groups.
|
||||
- Carers should maintain the distance (two meters) if you're not providing direct support, use the mask for as long as they are in the same room, and wash their hands before and after contact.
|
||||
- Desinfect the surfaces, separate out their rubbish, particularly tissues and other contaminated items. Keep the contaminated rubbish firmly tied up in a plastic bag in the room with the person in isolation and take it to the bin separately just before the regular collection.
|
||||
- Use separate cuttlery and dishes, wash and disinfect after use.
|
||||
- Wash separately, regularly and at high temperature bedding, towls and clothes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Maintain regular contact and provide emotional support
|
||||
|
||||
Check-in with them on a regular basis. Listen. Engage. Consider the following:
|
||||
- Do they have everything they need? Are they feeling well? Do they need medical assistance?
|
||||
- As people stay in social isolation, they might be missing contact and emotional support, be ready to spend time talking with them and understanding how they are feeling and coping.
|
||||
- If you think they are not emotionally well, have a psychological help hotline at hand and advise them to seek consultation.
|
||||
- If you desire to get informed on how to provide autonomous psychological support, consider looking at the topic  in our Pirate Care Syllabus.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Further reading / resources
|
||||
- [Downloadable posters templates for those who are self-isolating as a preventative measure, by Chronically Awesome](https://chronicallyawesome.org.uk/posters-for-those-who-are-self-isolating-as-a-preventative-measure/)
|
||||
- [Safer Drug Use During the COVID-19 Outbreak](https://harmreduction.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID19-safer-drug-use-1.pdf)
|
||||
- [Quarantine the cat? Disinfect the dog? The latest advice about the coronavirus and your pets](https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/quarantine-cat-disinfect-dog-latest-advice-about-coronavirus-and-your-pets)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Examples of communities organising assistance
|
||||
|
||||
[Neighbours helping neighbours in home isolation in Vienna](https://www.facebook.com/wienzufuss/photos/a.458468684246706/2800060280087523/?type=3&theater)[^1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Barcelona neighbourhood Gràcia mutual support call on Telegram](https://t.me/suportgracia)[^2]
|
||||
|
||||
[Solidarity Brigate to face the emergency in Milan](https://t.me/brigateprontointerventoMilano)[^3]
|
||||
|
||||
[Facebook group to assist people in Zagreb and beyond](https://www.facebook.com/groups/523065185274554/)
|
||||
|
||||
[COVID-19 UK Mutual Aid groups: a list by Freedom News](https://freedomnews.org.uk/covid-19-uk-mutual-aid-groups-a-list/)
|
||||
|
||||
[Queer Relief Covid-19 Berlin - Getting Help](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeYAX7N5xqNqwQRRz8mBH4uL9oL23Kn60uUOwmssfE6sEg2gg/viewform)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Notes
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: The note says: Dear neighbours! - If you are over 65 years of age or have an immune disease, i.e. weakened immune system, we (Fredi and Andi - Door 12) want to support you so you can stay healthy. / We don't belong to an at-risk group and we can land you a helping hand. If you have errands to be done (shopping and other activities in public), we are glad to be able to help. You can simply leave us a note on our door, in our mailbox or simply call at +43... Together Vienna will make it through the pandemic <3. / Kind regards, Fredi and Andi
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: Translation by Bue Rübner Hansen: ORGANIZE SOLIDARITY IN YOUR BUILDINGS AND STREETS - What can you do?: 1⃣ Organize yourselves in groups in your building or along your section of the street to identify the people who need support and help with things such: grocery shopping, childcare, etc.; 2⃣ In order to organize yourself, you can: convene meetings of stairscases or street sections, visit all floors in your building to know the situation in each flat, install an information board at your entrance.; 3⃣ It is important to let everyone know that they are not alone, that they can count on the help of the neighborhood.; 4⃣ Generate communication channels between everyone in the building or street section. Both digital (via mobile phone) and physical (a sign at the entrance can be enabled to keep everyone informed and share needs); 5⃣ All of this should be done following the health care tips to avoid spreading the infection.
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: The note says: We fight fear together to defeat the virus. This initiative was created to address the risk of the collapse of the national health system during the Covid-19 emergency. To participate send a mail to:
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Bad Care"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The purpose of this session is to examine the relationships between power and care. A first and obvious dynamic in this relationship is negligence. The study quoted in the readings, on oppression, environmental stress and the long term effects of these on the brain and body shows how western science and research into 'global health' has negelected to look at the interelations between social, physical and mental health. As pirates, we can take this critique much further by insisting that industrial society is profoundly sick and proceed from that premise.
|
||||
|
||||
The essay 'Unraveling the Biopsychiatric Knot' focusses specifically on the relationship between neoliberalism and the biomedical/psychiatric approach to 'mental disorders' as codified in diagnostic manuals like the DSM. Again, we might want to go further than this acount and question the social 'safety nets' that neoliberalism has supposedly taken away. What were these 'safety nets', who were they for and who did they exclude? Who benefited and who paid for them? Who administrated them and to what end?
|
||||
|
||||
An interesting text that departs from these positions is the 'Reclaim Your Mind' manifesto. Insurrectionary anarchist theory and practice is a useful addition, not because it supplies all of the answers to the questions we have been posing, but it opens up some new directions to take.
|
||||
|
||||
# Recommended Reading
|
||||
|
||||
- excerpt from 'Stress, Oppression & Women’s Mental Health: A Discussion of the Health Consequences of Injustice'- Elizabeth McGibbon & Charmaine McPherson
|
||||
- https://textb.org/t/piratecarepmsbadcare/
|
||||
|
||||
- "Unraveling the Biopsychiatric Knot"- Sascha Altman Du Brul
|
||||
- https://textb.org/t/piratecarepmsbadcare/
|
||||
|
||||
- An Urgent Message for all those who have or are in danger of being labelled mentally ill
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
- Porpentine, "Hot Allostatic Load"
|
||||
- https://thenewinquiry.com/hot-allostatic-load/
|
||||
- Build out of trash. A personal account of experiences with disposability and exile in queer/feminist scenes and the lasting emotional-physical damage abuse causes.
|
||||
# Further Reading
|
||||
|
||||
- PMS Issue 1 intro
|
||||
- Belli Research Institute - UNIT 3.YOU CAN’T DIAGNOSE IN A VACUUM: HOW DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS RELATE TO CATEGORIES OF POWER
|
||||
- UNIT 4.Captured, treated, or cured
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
# Discussion
|
||||
|
||||
- What forms of 'bad care' have you and those around you encountered?
|
||||
- How does this relate to ideology and whose material interests do those ideologies serve?
|
||||
- What are some ways in which interpersonal bad care is informed by and mimics institutional bad care?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Bad Education"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
> ...Under Construction ...
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Bad Housing Makes Us Sick"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Is there good mental health without a secure home?
|
||||
|
||||
Relationship between housing and mental health has been a focus of many debates after 2008. Serious physical and mental health issues have been arising as a result of insecure housing, and a systematic attempt to remove vulnerable people from their homes. Most of those who get evicted or whose houses get demolished end up leaving with mental traumas. The toxic link between bad housing and bad mental health damages our lives and our relationships. Most of the people in toxic housing situations don't get any mental health support.
|
||||
|
||||
Instead of confronting the violent nature of contemporary housing, authorities in the European core countries have been trying to deal with mental health issues by imposing approaches that individualize the responsibility and focus on the consequences. The industry has been forming around the stressed subjects in order to reduce the consequences of suffering, acting as if bad housing is just a mental condition. In parallel, new groups and initiatives have been emerging in order to provide support based on mutual aid, do research, undertaking advocacy work, and raise awareness through events, artistic productions, and informational material.
|
||||
|
||||
## Proposed resources
|
||||
|
||||
- **Read about the attempts in the UK to instrumentalise mindfulness for responsibilisation:** 
|
||||
- **Read about how bad housing and homelessness affects mental health in the UK:** 
|
||||
- **Read the activist statement on how the ‘root shock’ affects mental health in London housing crisis:** 
|
||||
- **Read the Strategy for autonomous emotional support by Power Makes Us Sick in this syllabus:**
|
||||
|
||||
## How to learn together
|
||||
|
||||
Read the proposed articles before you come to the session. Create a comic together. Discuss what you have read and create a rough draft of a script. Choose your partner and work with her on a sequence of frames. Use what you have read. Come back together. Lay out your panel so that it make sense for the reader. Share your comic with other Pirate Care Syllabus users.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Blackboxing"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Blackboxing/proxying/obfuscation
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike massively participatory practices of cultural and knowledge sharing that were analysed in the session: , this session focuses on practices of creating pirate infrastructures that crucially depend on the work of savvy technologists who create forms of access that need to remain obfuscated and black-boxed in order to secure that such access remains functional. The example session focuses on is Science Hub, a search engine and repository that provides access to 85% of paywalled academic articles (Himmelstein et al. 2019), that was single-handedly created by Alexandra Elbakyan. In 2015 Science Hub was sued by the largest academic publisher in the world Reed Elsevier and in 2017 by the American Chemical Society. The US courts ruled against Science Hub, awarding plaintiffs $US15 million and $US5 million respectively in damages. Elbakyan has been outspoken in defending the unconditional universal access against the economic interests of publishers. In response to Elsevier's suit, Elbakyan famously responded: "If Elsevier manages to shut down our projects or force them into the darknet, that will demonstrate an important idea: that the public does not have the right to knowledge. We have to win over Elsevier and other publishers and show that what these commercial companies are doing is fundamentally wrong."
|
||||
|
||||
## Session
|
||||
|
||||
**Duration:** 90 minutes
|
||||
|
||||
**Methods:** learning by doing, learners have to use their own computers to complete the tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
**Goal:** In this session, the learners will learn how to use Science Hub and how to set up a proxy tunnel similar to what Science Hub might be using. Furthermore, they will get acquainted with the history of Science Hub and with Alexandra Elbakyan's public interventions that have sought to articulate the principle of her action as rooted in communism that is congenial to science. Learners will also discuss the legal prosecution of Science Hub.
|
||||
|
||||
**Task 1:**
|
||||
|
||||
Discover how to find the current address of Science Hub and acquaint yourselves with the methods of searching:
|
||||
- via the title of the article
|
||||
- via DOI number, i.e. a unique identifier number allocated to academic journal article
|
||||
- via pasting the URL of the paywalled article after the URL of Science Hub
|
||||
|
||||
**Task 2:**
|
||||
|
||||
Here goes the task of opening an ssh tunnel.
|
||||
|
||||
**Task 3:**
|
||||
|
||||
Learners should in advance view the following talk:
|
||||
|
||||
- Elbakyan, Alexandra. ["Why Science Is Better with Communism? The Case of Sci-Hub." In UNT Open Access Symposium, Denton, TX. May 19-20, 2016., 2016.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hr7v5FF5c8M) Here are the  and the .
|
||||
|
||||
To prepare, read in advance the following three texts:
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## References
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Call out cops! Call out the system!"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Purpose
|
||||
|
||||
- Providing critique to policing migrants and refugees and those who solidarize with them
|
||||
- Deconstruct the systemic justification of the punitive and repressive actions against the illegals who are construed as a threat and an enemy
|
||||
|
||||
# Method: Direct action
|
||||
|
||||
Organizing direct action is both a common and uncommon way of addressing police violence and coercion many citizens/volunteers are subjected to. There are various examples when people/activists went out in the streets and protested against police and state violence. Lately, many [activists, priests, firefighters, doctors and others](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/migrants-refugees-solidarity-europeans-arrested-europe-opendemocracy-a8919686.html) were criminalized because they helped undocumented migrants or refugees in different ways. Those coercive and often violent actions provoke counter-responses by local or translocal/national groups.
|
||||
|
||||
## Possible ideas
|
||||
|
||||
- Creating and handing out a booklet intended for citizens, teachers, medical workers focusing on migrant and refugee rights and local systems of solidarity that act in opposition of police and state violence
|
||||
- Creating and publicly displaying (i.e. on buildings, on the street, on billboards) a local map and timeline of police activity against solidarity actions
|
||||
- Making stickers and placing them in public places such as public transport, hospitals, schools, parks etc.
|
||||
- Walking through the town with banners and leaflets
|
||||
- Protesting on a larger scale (there are a number of online resources on how to organize a protest)
|
||||
|
||||
Time: 2 days and more…
|
||||
|
||||
## Guiding questions
|
||||
|
||||
- What/Whom do we need to address?
|
||||
- How will we address it? What is the way we want to deliver our message?
|
||||
- Whom do we collaborate with?
|
||||
- How will we prepare the scenario/choreography?
|
||||
- What do we need?
|
||||
- What are the repercussions for those who we solidarize with? What are the repercussions for us and myself?
|
||||
- How will we cope with repercussions and provide an on-going critique?
|
||||
|
||||
# Resources
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "‘Centering margins’ using storying as ‘agents of change’"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Methodologies
|
||||
- How do we get people to understand our situation or context?
|
||||
- How can we use stories (informally) as a centre for research to respond to dangers which have been over-looked?
|
||||
- How can we use stories and performative memory for personal safety and solidarity in the here and now?
|
||||
|
||||
‘Co-creating empathy’ using personal narratives (ref) and inquisitive non-judgmental validating conversations. Stories give new insight into what people have endured and with it the time and space to reflect on those experiences helping ‘co-create empathy’.
|
||||
|
||||
# References
|
||||
|
||||
Video: Paul Parking, “[Reimagining Empathy: The Transformative Nature of Empathy](https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=e4aHb_GTRVo)”, TEDxTalks, July 9 th , 2015.
|
||||
|
||||
Video: Dr. Jane Goodall explains how she uses stories in conversations with people thinking polar opposite. [Dr. Jane Goodall's Advice for Getting Others to Care About the Environment](https://nowthisnews.com/videos/her/dr-jane-goodalls-on-getting-others-to-care-about-the-environment)
|
||||
|
||||
Digital Learning Platform: [The living library](https://humanlibrary.org) is a world-wide movement creating a safe space for dialogue challenging stereotypes and stigma using the praxis of personal narratives (stories). Topics are openly discussed between people and readers. First Person Discourse: first-person discourse 6 (embodied knowledge 7).
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Challenge the rulings!"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Purpose
|
||||
|
||||
- Understanding ways how the criminalization of solidarity operates through state and judicial practices
|
||||
- Sharpening personal lenses to recognize state and police violence
|
||||
- Reading legal texts with confidence and disrupting the inaccessibility of legalese
|
||||
|
||||
# Method: Discussion
|
||||
|
||||
(in a human rights organization, in a classroom, at a coffee shop, round table, workshop, conference...) based on the analysis of a court ruling
|
||||
|
||||
Time: 90 minutes and possibly more
|
||||
|
||||
# Materials
|
||||
|
||||
- A court ruling
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- video of [Are You Syrious's reaction at the European Parliament](https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=421640735307159)
|
||||
|
||||
# Guiding Questions for Analysis
|
||||
|
||||
## Questions of Comprehension
|
||||
|
||||
- What are the facts entailed in this ruling?
|
||||
- How this ruling relates to the Aliens Act and its provision on the criminalization of solidarity?
|
||||
- What is hidden in the ruling? What can we not read here? (personal motivation of Dragan, for instance)
|
||||
|
||||
## Critical Questions
|
||||
|
||||
- Why does the Aliens Act not protect [Dragan Umičević](https://www.portalnovosti.com/dragan-umicevic-kazna-meni-je-poruka-drugima)? What kind of message are the courts delivering with this ruling?
|
||||
- How does the criminalization of solidarity look like in this particular case? What are the consequences Dragan and Are you Syrious must bare?
|
||||
- Why is the criminalization of solidarity harmful broadly and not just for Dragan and Are You Syrious?
|
||||
- What are the ways to stand against such criminalization?
|
||||
- What are the ways that more groups and individuals can act similarly to Dragan and support migrants on their perilous journeys?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Collective memory writing by criminalized activists"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Purpose
|
||||
|
||||
- Documenting and reflecting on the experiences of criminalization
|
||||
- Building a community of trust and healing
|
||||
|
||||
# Method: Collective memory writing
|
||||
|
||||
Collective memory writing is a method developed by Frigga Haug, a German philospher and feminist. Haug gathered women facing political violence after the fall of the Berlin wall and facilitated the process of reminiscing and writing memories. The method has been widely used in activist and academic spaces ever since and has been modified to fit the needs of various groups.
|
||||
|
||||
Haug's method is structured around a few parameters (see below). However, the method can and should be adjusted to different contexts and situations. The method is a process of writing down personal stories and experiences that are later on shared with the whole group that takes on the process of analysis. Sharing and collaborative analysis is a space of healing as well as of critique of the structures and systemic oppression.
|
||||
|
||||
Groups can decide whether they want to publish the work, present it through academic or artistic forms or keep it as an internal tool that will define further political actions.
|
||||
|
||||
Time: 2 - 4 hours a week individually & 2 - 4 hours a week in a group for a month or more (groups can define the length of the process)
|
||||
|
||||
# Resources
|
||||
|
||||
- Frigga Haug's [Method of Collective Memory Writing](http://www.friggahaug.inkrit.de)
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
title: "Conviviality without proximity"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Von diesem Dokument gibt es eine deutsche Version *
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As people stay in extended isolation, they are resorting to imaginative ways to organise collective, convivial and political moments. These are just some examples of the ways people are organising sociality and conviviality:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Web radios
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The outbreak of COVID-19 in northern Italy coincided with March 8th - International Women's Day. The transfeminist social justice movement Non Una Di Meno had to cancel most of the mobilizations and collective actions it had planned for the occasion, including the Women's Strike due to take place on the following day, March 9th. So, instead, they organised a number of alternative dislocated initiatives - some of them offline, like hanging banners from buildings, but most of them online. One of the most impactful was the Non Una Di Meno Radio, broadcasted both through [stream](https://archive.org/details/@non_una_di_meno_-_milano) and through FM by way of collaboration with [local radios](https://www.radiocittafujiko.it/la-marea-in-onda-lo-sciopero-transfemminista-alla-radio/).
|
||||
|
||||
Web radio can be a powerful tool to organize and socialize in times of home isolation. Here are some resources on how to get started:
|
||||
|
||||
## Tools to build a web radio
|
||||
- How to radio stream, by Unit [Eng](https://hackmd.io/@madu/HowToRadioStream)
|
||||
- How to radio stream, by Unit [Ita](https://wiki.unit.abbiamoundominio.org/HowtoRadioStream)
|
||||
- [How to Radio Stream by Radio Bitume](https://wiki.unit.abbiamoundominio.org/RadioBitume)
|
||||
- [Mixxx App](https://mixxx.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
## Web radio experiments
|
||||
- [Radio Virus](http://www.radiovirus.org)
|
||||
- [NUDM Milano - Radio Archive 2020](https://archive.org/details/@non_una_di_meno_-_milano)
|
||||
- [Radio Cia Manzoni](http://www.shareradio.it/radio-cia-manzoni-la-lezione-si-alla-radio/)
|
||||
- [In diretta per le amiche](http://www.shareradio.it/diretta-le-amiche-gli-amici-quarta/)
|
||||
- [Radio Womat](https://wombat.noblogs.org/)
|
||||
- [Radio Quarantena](https://www.spreaker.com/show/radioquarantena)
|
||||
- [Radio Dyne](http://radio.dyne.org/trasformatorio.m3u?fbclid=IwAR0qFqdqCDnnmtjFvslpvRCcWB_jI8ngQRD6qsrfFG2C44DAJl5GCUlaeo8)
|
||||
- [Radio Quartiere](https://radioquartiere.online/)
|
||||
- [Radio No Border](https://radionoborder.net/?lang=en)
|
||||
- [LOCo19](https://lost.abbiamoundominio.org/2020/loco19radio.html)
|
||||
|
||||
## Oldies but goldies
|
||||
- [Radioooo](http://radiooooo.com/)
|
||||
- [Radio Garden](http://radio.garden/search)
|
||||
- [Radio Aporee](https://aporee.org/maps/work/user.php?u=308)
|
||||
- [Shirley & Spinoza Radio](http://compound-eye.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Conference Calls
|
||||
|
||||
# Connectivity
|
||||
During this crisis, online video conferencing has come to the fore.
|
||||
|
||||
## Problems with corporate tools
|
||||
|
||||
Many of the main conference call tools people are using during the lock-downs have come under public scrutiny for having policies that might damage their users.
|
||||
|
||||
ZOOM: According to Jamie Zawinski, one of the founders of Netscape and Mozilla.org, Zoom is particularly 'terrible':
|
||||
|
||||
> Zoom's privacy page states: "Whether you have Zoom account or not, we may collect Personal Data from or about you when you use or otherwise interact with our Products." This includes, but is not limited to, your physical address, phone number, your job title, credit and debit card information, your Facebook account, your IP address, your OS and device details, and more." Further, the app allows your boss to spy on you far beyond what's okay in an office setting (Zoom has an attention-tracking feature that can alert hosts if you look away (update: as of April 2, 2020, Zoom have removed the attendee attention tracker feature due to widespread protests).. From EFF: [...] "Admins have the ability to join any call at any time on their organization's instance of Zoom, without in-the-moment consent or warning for the attendees of the call."
|
||||
|
||||
> Zoom Meetings Aren't End-To-End Encrypted, Despite Misleading Marketing:
|
||||
> The meeting is secured with end-to-end encryption, at least according to Zoom's website, its security white paper, and the user interface within the app. But despite this misleading marketing, the service actually does not support end-to-end encryption for video and audio content, at least as the term is commonly understood. Instead it offers what is usually called transport encryption. [...]
|
||||
|
||||
> Without end-to-end encryption, Zoom has the technical ability to spy on private video meetings and could be compelled to hand over recordings of meetings to governments or law enforcement in response to legal requests. While other companies like Google, Facebook, and Microsoft publish transparency reports that describe exactly how many government requests for user data they receive from which countries and how many of those they comply with, Zoom does not publish a transparency report.
|
||||
|
||||
SOURCE: [Zoom is bad and you should feel bad](https://www.jwz.org/blog/2020/03/zoom-is-bad-and-you-should-feel-bad/?fbclid=IwAR0D0YroobD_i4ZhmISVN4FbHuCe_n64o0u3hPkeAedqdHrPPg6km-WTFoI)
|
||||
|
||||
We are very aware that engaging, experimenting with and learning about different tools and alternative technologies is something that not everyone is able to do, as conditions of work and life vary and often are not supportive of such extra efforts. However, the technopolitical aspect of the pandemic is calling for a very serious collective reflection around our technological futures. Could mainstream technological infrastructures be created beyond corporate solutions that extract data and provide employers and governments with biased surveillance tools? There are many initiatives out there that have been producing some amazing alternatives which go in the direction of empowering users and communities in their relationship with tech. While we are not purist in our approach, as our online presence is part of broad ecosystems and connectivity is in this time more important than ever, we hope some of the resources linked here will inspire and sustain others in become less entangled with set ups we don't want nor consent to.
|
||||
|
||||
## Alternative tools
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction to some of the key issues:
|
||||
|
||||
- [What You Should Know About Online Tools During the COVID-19 Crisis, by Electronic Frontier Foundation, 19 March 2020](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/03/what-you-should-know-about-online-tools-during-covid-19-crisis) (ENG / ESP)
|
||||
- [Technology is Stupid, by Tactical Tech](https://tacticaltech.org/#/news/technology-is-stupid)
|
||||
|
||||
**(some) Video conferencing tools**
|
||||
- [Jitsi.org](https://jitsi.org/) - a multi-user video conference client, or use ours, all our tools are 100% free, open source, and WebRTC compatible.
|
||||
- [Collective Tools: a cooperative cloud company.](https://meet.collective.tools/?fbclid=IwAR1cbNaWYUKKeFIcmI7N4n5VtIPS6n82h1HbCOKanpXCDc_zloJ6FZLAMjw) Encrypted open source video conferencing.
|
||||
- [p2p.chat](https://p2p.chat/) - free, no limit on participants, in a browser, no login/account, and fully p2p encrypted even in multiple-participants calls
|
||||
- [https://peercalls.com/](no registration, browser-based, FLOSS)
|
||||
- [https://chatb.org/]
|
||||
|
||||
**Repositories with v useful resources / tools:**
|
||||
|
||||
- The [Digital Solidarity Networks](https://pad.vvvvvvaria.org/digital-solidarity-networks) has been collating a shared listing of tools, practices and readings for digital solidarity and conviviality.[Tactical Tech's Security in a Box](https://tacticaltech.org/#/projects/security-in-a-box)
|
||||
- [Online tools for the pandemic by the Faces + Eclectic Tech Carnival mailing lists](https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/online-tools-for-the-pandemic)
|
||||
- [Tactical Tech's Gender and Technology](https://tacticaltech.org/#/projects/gender-technology)
|
||||
- [Digital Self-Defense Knowledgebase](https://defendourmovements.org/)
|
||||
- [Detroit Community Technology Project](https://detroitcommunitytech.org/)
|
||||
- [Consentful Tech Project](https://alliedmedia.org/consentful-tech-project)
|
||||
- [Free Software Foundation's High Priority Projects page on Real-time voice and video chat](https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/voicevideochat)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Other resources on online meetings:
|
||||
- [Leading Groups Online. A down and dirty guide to leading online courses, meetings, training and events during the coronavirus pandemic](http://www.leadinggroupsonline.org/ebooks/Leading%20Groups%20Online.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1HrMP9KHWigpdYzxDhansutz_g8RIeA5Aslebe6Ky642Squi5bwGISFRM)
|
||||
- [The reason Zoom calls drain your energy](https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting?ocid=ww.social.link.facebook&fbclid=IwAR1FugA5ky6jPmroVhu5PzS4dRnO3-Z8Gdct2vXrrfJNViZezC-x4hkEKmc)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Digital Solidarity Networks
|
||||
|
||||
[Digital Solidarity Networks](https://pad.vvvvvvaria.org/digital-solidarity-networks) is a shared listing of tools, practices and readings for digital solidarity and conviviality.
|
||||
|
||||
> Let's chat further on IRC, in the #digital-solidarity-networks channel
|
||||
> For access from the web browser, you can use https://webchat.freenode.net/?#digital-solidarity-networks to join the channel (no password needed)
|
||||
|
||||
To whoever encounters this pad: this is work-in-progress, please join! This is the start of a listing of some resources regarding mutual aid strategies and social closeness through alternative digital infrastructures in times of physical distancing, remote working or care giving, etc. This pad contains examples of collective digital alternative practices, in a time where everything points to the further consolidation and accelerated normalization of the Big Tech industry (Zoom, Facebook groups, Slack, Microsoft Teams, Skype, etc.). Other attitudes are possible.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Balconies'get-together
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources:**
|
||||
- [Aplausos en toda España para agradecer al personal sanitario su titánico esfuerzo](https://www.elperiodico.com/es/sociedad/20200314/coronavirus-aplausos-vecinos-personal-medico-7890204)
|
||||
- [L'applauso dai balconi di tutta Italia per medici e infermieri](https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2020-03-14/coronavirus-applausi-balconi-mezzogiorno-7519424/)
|
||||
|
||||
On 14th March, at midday, a long applause erupted from the windows and balconies in many cities in Italy. The initiative, circulated on social networks and neighborhood chats, was an opportunity to thank - at a safe distance - all those who are in the front line during these difficult days for the country: doctors, nurses, specialists, but also all those workers who would like to stay at home but cannot because of their employers refusing to shut down production.
|
||||
|
||||
On the same day, also in Spain, millions of people have decided to thank health personnel for the enormous effort they are making these days to stop the expansion of the Coronavirus. At 22:00, shortly after the Prime Minister, Pedro Sánchez, finished his public appearance, the residents of many Spanish cities, such as Barcelona, Madrid, Oviedo and Benidorm, opened the windows of their houses and started applauding with strength and joy to thank all the cleaners who are working like crazy to face the COVID-19. In some residential neighborhoods of Madrid, such as Montecarmelo, where many families with children live, the round of applaus was anticipated to 9:00 pm, so that the little ones could also participate.
|
||||
|
||||
All across Italy, similar flash-mobs at a distance, as they have been called, are being organised at different times of the day with live music concerts, DJ sets, and improvised performances to ease the isolation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Quarantine kitchen
|
||||
by Ajam Media Collective
|
||||
SOURCE:
|
||||
- [Quarantine Kitchen: Iranians share recipes, flavors, and joy despite the threat of coronavirus](https://ajammc.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
Tehran has been under a state of semi-quarantine for weeks. Millions have avoided leaving the house for fear of spreading coronavirus. Schools, universities, theaters, and gyms have been closed. A growing silence has fallen on public spaces. Fear is worsened by US sanctions on Iran, which have led to shortages of basic medicines and sanitary supplies needed to combat the virus’ spread. Under quarantine, Iranians cook, they share recipes, they experiment with new and old spices and ideas, they find joy in flavors and mixing and discovering. These stories have become the inspiration for Golrokh Nafisi, a Tehran-based artist whose latest series is called “Quarantine Kitchen.” Nafisi drew portraits of her friends preparing new recipes, based on the stories they told her of their experiments under quarantine. She is developing the series and has asked that anyone with a similar story please contact her and share their story, so she can draw them as well.
|
||||
|
||||
# CloudRaves
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources:**
|
||||
- [Clubbers in China are going to 'cloud raves' on TikTok because Coronavirus quarantines mean they can't party for real — here's what CloudRaves are like](https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-quarantine-cloud-raves-china-photos-2020-2)
|
||||
[Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
|
||||
"As millions of Chinese people are stuck at home during the Coronavirus outbreak, nightclubs across the country are keeping them entertained by holding "cloud raves" online. Clubbers have been tuning into video platforms like Douyin, China's version of TikTok, and participating in them virtually. Some DJs and clubs have been livestreaming on Kuaishou, another popular Chinese video platform. Here's how it works: DJs video their performance either from a music venue, or their studios and homes, then livestream it on Douyin. While some DJs have been performing live, others are prerecording their gigs and broadcasting them on Douyin's livestream later on. During the cloud concerts, edited versions of the bands’ past performances were screened for viewers. While it wasn’t actually live, the appeal comes from the knowledge that people were watching the concerts together, sharing their thoughts through comments in real time. No playbacks were available so that means if you missed it, you missed it. People who are quarantined or staying indoors can tune into any music event they want. Some ravers have even posted videos of themselves dancing at home to the music. These cloud raves have been extremely successful, with millions of viewers tuning into some of these livestreams. According to Vice, almost 2.3 million people tuned into Beijing club Sir Teen's cloud rave on February 10, with more than 100,000 viewers joining within the first 30 minutes.
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud clubbing is also lucrative as hell. On February 9, a live streaming of the nightclub OneThird receive almost 20 million TikTok Coins from viewers, which equates to over 1 million RMB ($143,000). Another event held on Valentine’s Day attracted 4 million online viewers and raised 570,000 RMB ($81,500) for medical personnel battling the coronavirus at the frontline.""
|
||||
|
||||
# Cloud sleeping
|
||||
|
||||
**Source:**
|
||||
- [Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
Amidst cloud raves that have mushroomed all over the Chinese internet emerges the bewildering phenomenon of “cloud sleeping.”
|
||||
|
||||
"One live streamer who goes by the moniker SheiJiaDeYuanSan had over 18 million people watching him in a 12-hour-long slumber. Why the viral demand for a regular guy taking a ridiculously long nap? There are no answers, at least not yet.
|
||||
|
||||
He too is confounded by his overnight fame. The viral sensation told ChinaZ.com that, despite attracting sudden popularity and revenue from cloud sleeping, he’s had enough of it. People were threatening to unfollow him if he did not go to sleep, despite it being only 5 p.m. in the afternoon."
|
||||
|
||||
# Virtual aperitifs
|
||||
|
||||
**Sources:**
|
||||
- [Arriva il weekend in isolamento: tutti pronti per l'aperitivo virtuale](https://it.mashable.com/coronavirus/2364/arriva-il-weekend-in-isolamento-tutti-pronti-per-laperitivo-virtuale)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus, aperitivi e cene virtuali: le app per ritrovarsi vicini ma lontani](https://www.corriere.it/moda/20_marzo_14/coronavirus-aperitivi-cene-virtuali-app-ritrovarsi-vicini-ma-lontani-e0147d82-65ff-11ea-a287-bbde7409af03.shtml)
|
||||
|
||||
In Italy, where the aperitif is a well-established social ritual, circles of friends, but also bars and pubs, are also testing remote modes of conviviality by organising virtual get-togethers via video conferencing apps such as HouseParty or Meeting Zoom. In Varese, one cafè organized an I-peritivo live on Instagram, asking participants to make a donation (instead of paying the bill) to the local hospital to help face the Coronavirus emergency.
|
||||
|
||||
Given that many commercial video conferencing platforms charge after a set amount of users is reached, people are reportedly also discovering ways to go around such limitations. For example, by connecting with the first 4 friends on WhatsApp (which does not allow more than that) and simultaneously with 2 more via Skype.
|
||||
|
||||
# QuarantineChat
|
||||
|
||||
**Source:**
|
||||
- [QuaratineChat](https://quarantinechat.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
QuarantineChat was created by artists Danielle Baskin and Max Hawkins.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you sign up, you'll be subscribed to periodic calls. Your caller ID will always say "QuarantineChat" when your phone rings. After a brief moment on hold, you'll match with another random person. You don't have to pick up if you're busy—your partner will be automatically matched with someone else. And you can join and leave the line whenever you'd like. It's private. You use your phone number to sign up for Dialup, but your matches will only ever see your username. All calls are end-to-end encrypted.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Sharing Dreams
|
||||
|
||||
[Dreams under confinement](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BxLCFFirsaQQXlO2psW5Qojp_8z229pN-PquRD4UC8A/mobilebasic) is a collective document where you can record the dreams you have under whatever level of confinement. Some of the dream might be read on radio - Mayday radio (London) or [Droplet radio, Copenhagen](https://www.spreaker.com/user/12162371/drbrd-1a). No one’s dreams will be read without consent.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Pandemic Dreams Archive](https://archivedream.wordpress.com/blog-2/) is a study on Dreams – Art and Clinic, part of the work “HIJACKED FUTURES X THE ANTI-HIJACKING OF DREAMS” – a methodology focused on creative and speculative processes (science / speculative fiction) developed since 2015 applied in different countries. To learn more, access the text[hijacked futures X the antihijacking of dreams](http://www.senselab.ca/inflexions/popfab/pdfs/Fabi%20edited.pdf).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Collective Diaries
|
||||
- [Vissuto Intensiva (Oral history project for medical staff working with patients in intensive care, in ITA) ](https://vissuto.intensiva.it/non-so-piu-chi-sono/#more-290). Il progetto www.intensiva.it è il frutto della collaborazione fra rianimatori, psicologi, infermieri e familiari dei pazienti ricoverati in terapia intensiva.
|
||||
Durante la pandemia da COVID19, hanno creato una pagina dove lasciare liberamente il vissuto degli operatori, che possono scrivere un testo, caricare immagini o documenti.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Pandemic Notes, by Mayday Rooms (UK)](https://pandemic-notes.maydayrooms.org/) This is an archive that will keep a record of as many of these feelings and effects as we can, to inform future organising and for the preservation of our collective memory. All contributions will remain in MayDay Rooms’ archive.
|
||||
|
||||
# Further reading / resources
|
||||
- [Online tools for the pandemic by the Faces + Eclectic Tech Carnival mailing lists](https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/online-tools-for-the-pandemic)
|
||||
- [My Darling Quarantine Short Film Festival, programmed by the international short film community](https://talkingshorts.com/festivals/my-darling-quarantine-short-film-festival?fbclid=IwAR1muJ6ubeX8-LdHakJuQmYWlhOqCiBu7FUu1Xbp7VBSlloakIdbKL8EZds)
|
||||
- [Quarantine Film Club](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lPsmseCoLdW5V1VSe9pq9DDuBhVQ10LObOb3I_zUUYU/edit?fbclid=IwAR0CFbRvGnVWSytYeC0oGnnjJ3LmC0FzLUF9W6xw6ibGkoDLcKruI4nIZH8#gid=585095018)
|
||||
- [Il cinema è vivo, viva il cinema: come andare oltre Netflix e la pirateria (ITA)](https://www.che-fare.com/cinema-piattaforma-streaming/?fbclid=IwAR2xRm84HQCus4hrxFvVjGSai_MYO0hso9ob3t9_1jp5DnKmZohCSkY0rQs)
|
||||
- [Capital in a Time of Corona - a Marxist online Reading Group](https://discordapp.com/channels/687663296484343828/689509291895685162)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Coronavirus and the planetary environmental crisis"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Zu diesem Dokument gibt es eine deutsche Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Environmental roots of the pandemic
|
||||
|
||||
According to epidemiologist Dennis Carroll, the ongoing research from EcoHealth Alliance, an organisation protecting wildlife and public health from the emergence of diseases in an integrated way,[^1] shows that the last four decades have seen a two- to three-fold increase in zoonosis -- leaps of pathogens from animals to humans.[^2] The increased incidence of epidemics such as Coronavirus is a consequence of, on the one hand, the rapid incursion of industrial agriculture into wildlife habitats and, on the other, the growing inclusion of wild species into capitalist commodity chains.[^3] The interface zones between the receding wildlife habitats and encroaching farms and plantations facilitate zoonotic leaps (with a particular contribution of the fruit bats, the only flying mammal species and susceptible to many pathogens that attack other mammal species).[^4] Once pathogens leap from wildlife species to industrially farmed animals, intensive farming provides them with perfect conditions for quick spread and mutation. From there pathogens can then easily jump to human populations. The leaps from industrially farmed animals such as pigs, fowl and dromedary camels to humans have been at the root of avian flu, swine flu, SARS, MERS, H5N2 and H5Nx flue epidemics. At the same time, the clearing of rainforests for purposes of industrial farming, imposed on many territories by neoliberal adjustment programs [^5], is pushing indigenous populations deeper into natural habitats and closer contact with wildlife species. This process has been at the root of HIV and Ebola epidemics.
|
||||
|
||||
Degraded ecosystems, with their complexity reduced to benefit the industrial farming, have a lowered inherent capacity to halt the spread of epidemics among the wild species. Therefore planetary ecological destabilisation - a combination of climate change, land-use change and biochemical rifts - is expected to spawn new pathogens at an increasing rate. In fact, one of the indicators of destabilisation of planetary boundaries proposed by the Stockholm Resilience Institute are novel entities, which include human-made non-living materials and living beings such as synthetic pollutants, radioactive materials, nanomaterials, micro-plastics or genetically modified organisms, and can also be understood to include the mutagenic viruses that emerge from conditions created by the actions of industrial agriculture.
|
||||
|
||||
# Environmental consequences of the pandemic
|
||||
|
||||
In the early days of lockdown in Hubei satellite images of particulate pollution released by NASA were making rounds. Images were suggesting that the cessation of industrial production and the reduction of traffic have radically reduced the air pollution and that might save as many 77.000 lives.[^6] Large North Italian cities such as Milan, notorious for their air pollution levels, have experienced a radical reduction in pollution as well.[^7] As travellers started to abort their travel plans, in a seeming display of entirely irrational behaviour, the air carriers were let to resume their flights with almost no passengers on board. The pollution from the now grounded fleet of commercial aeroplanes is the cause of 16.000 preventable deaths every year.[^8] And the irony of the matter is that lowered air pollution is beneficial to recovery from Coronavirus. More significantly, the slowdown in economic activity during the outbreak and lockdowns is bound to have a significant impact on lowering global greenhouse gasses emissions.
|
||||
|
||||
However, the reduction in pollution and emissions coming from the breakdown rather than from a politically-driven and participatory transition is not something we should cheer for. Weighing relative numbers of dead bodies is a dismal Malthusianism in disguise.[^9] As the world leaps back from the crisis, the vulnerable communities will be left to suffer, while the environmentally impactful patterns of the capitalist system of production will come back with full force. In fact, Saudis and Russians are waging a price-war by pushing more cheap oil onto the world market far above what is currently needed in conditions of reduced demand. Once the outbreak slows down, the world might be awash with cheap oil, which might open an avenue to quickly undo the emissions reduction that we saw during the outbreak. To cut a long story short, creating a sustainable and just life for all calls for politics and not breakdown. It's politics that is a terrain on which to build a collective determination to seize the control and then transform or wind-down polluting industries, build-out sustainable systems of food, housing and transport provision, and cast a wide net of social support such as universal healthcare.
|
||||
|
||||
# Environmental lessons from the pandemic
|
||||
|
||||
Still, while we are in the midst of the crisis, there is an opening to reconsider how our systems of production and consumption are organised and what are their purposes. Radical demands for coordinated management of social adaptation, massive effort to save human lives, collective willingness to change the organisation of our daily life, radical redistribution and willingness to accept the uncertainty in the face of tragedy surprisingly seem possible. TINA-doctrine seems suddenly, if for a moment, reduced to a ridiculous historic fetish of a group of sociopaths who have benefited from the complacency of an extended peace-time period and growing affluence to willfully indulge with their class into a social experiment of throwing people's lives under the wheels of profit-making.
|
||||
|
||||
From the current pandemic we have learned many valuable lessons for the ecological transition:
|
||||
- lives can take precedence over the economy
|
||||
- responses to massive threats to human lives can only be socially planned and managed
|
||||
- a lack of global cooperation can exacerbate the threat (but will boomerang, as Trump's administration or the EU are now finding out)
|
||||
- an important pillar of managing threat is taking back control over privatised social services and infrastructure
|
||||
- companies can be pushed to submit to government-imposed management if their business model is made no longer viable and be commandeered to produce for social needs
|
||||
- fiscal policies are an essential instrument of directing social adaptation
|
||||
- commodified provision of housing, food and health can be socialised
|
||||
- in critical moments the work of social reproduction, otherwise backgrounded, made invisible and considered economically secondary to production replaceable things, emerges as essential and most valuable to societies
|
||||
- people are contributing en masse to that work of social reproduction
|
||||
- patterns of daily life can radically change overnight facing a massive threat and be embraced by the people
|
||||
- what becomes critical for a radical change is how to organise the freed human capacity for socially sustaining work and convivial free time
|
||||
|
||||
There are evident parallels between the global ecological destabilisation and the Coronavirus pandemic. Both are seemingly invisible processes, for most existent more as claims made by scientists than their own lived reality -- until they become painfully felt in the loss of human lives and the collapse of ways of life that seemed unchangeable hitherto. Yet global environmental destabilisation is distributed highly unevenly in terms of geography and temporal scales. The affluent will be able, at first, to limit their exposure, whilst the poor in the sacrificed zones of the southern hemisphere are already left to suffer. But in due time, no one will escape the runaway destabilisation of the planetary ecosystems. To our benefit, timescales of urgent action are not measured in weeks but in years and decades, and we are likely not to be in lockdown for most of that time.
|
||||
|
||||
With the about-turn in the socio-economic doctrine and the sense of what is possible, we can see this as a historic opening to re-set the terms of the political debate over a long-term threat and to organise collective action to push for a just and sustainable future that will save lives and ecosystems. What is happening now is a drastic departure from the political status quo, showing that human lives come before capitalist accumulation. If people can understand the crisis precipitated in a sudden spike of viral spread, now more than ever we should be able to visualise the crisis precipitated by the slow and even more deadly ecological destabilisation. A radical, socially managed transformation has been shown to be possible. It has to be, however, made urgent. And it has to start from the conditions of socio-economic trouble that the pandemic will leave in its wake.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Further reading
|
||||
**For texts referenced in this session see the Notes section below.**
|
||||
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace, Rodrick Wallace (eds.): "Neoliberal Ebola: Modeling Disease Emergence from Finance to Forest and Farm"](http://93.174.95.29/_ads/8D07B63757F066F0203EE0F4A68B18DD)
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
- [What would happen if the world reacted to climate change like it's reacting to the Coronavirus?](https://www.fastcompany.com/90473758/what-would-happen-if-the-world-reacted-to-climate-change-like-its-reacting-to-the-coronavirus?fbclid=IwAR3GF--L8EW5IqGFCH4p6RQqZ2ylLGKw7x7iAPXwg1kbMuu5mp6_LUk2Z1o)
|
||||
- [Can Capitalist Reform Save The Environment?](http://www.leftcom.org/en/articles/2020-02-24/can-capitalist-reform-save-the-environment?fbclid=IwAR0RiK8pOb46Ea0bHIKTZki-JxOjhNjahEiJivUnqxHMTVXOcMGPs_BS7Lc)
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
|
||||
# Notes
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: [EcoHealth Alliance's Publication](https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/publications)
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: ["The Man Who Saw the Pandemic Coming"](http://nautil.us/issue/83/intelligence/the-man-who-saw-the-pandemic-coming)
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: [Robert G. Wallace: "Coronavirus: »Agribusiness would risk millions of deaths.«"](https://www.marx21.de/coronavirus-agribusiness-would-risk-millions-of-deaths/), [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
|
||||
[^4]: [Jim Robbins: "The Ecology of Disease"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/sunday-review/the-ecology-of-disease.html)
|
||||
|
||||
[^5]: [Robert G. Wallace, Rodrick Wallace (eds.): "Neoliberal Ebola: Modeling Disease Emergence from Finance to Forest and Farm"](http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=8D07B63757F066F0203EE0F4A68B18DD)
|
||||
|
||||
[^6]: ["Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2020/03/16/coronavirus-lockdown-may-have-saved-77000-lives-in-china-just-from-pollution-reduction/)
|
||||
|
||||
[^7]: ["Coronavirus Causes Decline in Air Pollution Across Northern Italy"](https://www.greenmatters.com/p/italy-air-pollution-coronavirus)
|
||||
|
||||
[^8]: ["Aircraft emissions ‘responsible for 16,000 deaths per year’""](https://airqualitynews.com/2015/07/27/aircraft-emissions-responsible-for-16000-deaths-per-year/)
|
||||
|
||||
[^9]: [Eric Holthaus: "No, the coronavirus is not good for the climate"](https://thecorrespondent.com/330/no-the-coronavirus-is-not-good-for-the-climate/43687590870-ae5ff40e)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Resources and texts on Coronavirus"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Making sense of the pandemic
|
||||
|
||||
- [How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/fulltext)
|
||||
- [Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand](https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf)
|
||||
- [Review of Ferguson et al “Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions...”](https://necsi.edu/review-of-ferguson-et-al-impact-of-non-pharmaceutical-interventions)
|
||||
- [High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2](https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0282_article?deliveryName=USCDC_333-DM25287)
|
||||
- [Flatten the Curve](https://www.flattenthecurve.com/)
|
||||
- [Epidemiologist Emma Hodcroft on South Korea's successful containment strategy: Test, Test, Test](https://www.reddit.com/r/Coronavirus/comments/fi14db/we_are_four_swiss_scientists_studying/fkepbz0/)
|
||||
- [The Man Who Saw the Pandemic Coming](http://nautil.us/issue/83/intelligence/the-man-who-saw-the-pandemic-coming)
|
||||
- [Mike Davis: "The Monster is finally at the door"](http://links.org.au/mike-davis-covid-19-monster-finally-at-the-door)
|
||||
- [Why We Should Care: Common Questions and Answers about Covid-19](https://medium.com/@davetroy/why-we-should-care-commonly-asked-questions-and-answers-about-covid-19-6b166f1876e9)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus: Why You Must Act Now](https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-act-today-or-people-will-die-f4d3d9cd99ca)
|
||||
- [Naomi Klein: Coronavirus Is the Perfect Disaster for Disaster Capitalism](https://readersupportednews.org/opinion2/277-75/61852-focus-naomi-klein-coronavirus-is-the-perfect-disaster-for-disaster-capitalism)
|
||||
- [Toilet Paper Wars and the Shithouse of Capitalism](https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/03/15/toilet-paper-wars-and-shithouse-capitalism)
|
||||
- [Against Agamben: Is a Democratic Biopolitics Possible?](http://criticallegalthinking.com/2020/03/14/against-agamben-is-a-democratic-biopolitics-possible/)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus and philosophers](http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/coronavirus-and-philosophers/)
|
||||
- [Judith Butler: Capitalism has its limits](https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4603-capitalism-has-its-limits)
|
||||
- [The Coronavirus Is Killing Globalization as We Know It](https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/12/coronavirus-killing-globalization-nationalism-protectionism-trump/)
|
||||
- [Daniel Tanuro: Huit thèses sur le coronavirus (FR)](https://www.gaucheanticapitaliste.org/huit-theses-sur-le-coronavirus/)
|
||||
- [La vendetta del welfare – di Andrea Fumagalli (ITA)](http://effimera.org/la-vendetta-del-welfare-di-andrea-fumagalli/)
|
||||
- [Chi paga i costi del Coronavirus? Raccolta di testi, by InfoAut (ITA)](https://www.infoaut.org/precariato-sociale/chi-paga-i-costi-del-coronavirus-raccolta-di-testi)
|
||||
- [Habitar la excepción: pensamientos sin cuarentena (ES)](https://www.filosofiapirata.net/habitar-la-excepcion-pensamientos-sin-cuarentena-i/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Where to find public health advice on prevention and symptoms
|
||||
- [WHO's Coronavirus disease advice for the public](https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public)
|
||||
- [CDC's Prevention of Coronavirus](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention.html)
|
||||
- [Ireland Health Service's Coronavirus guidelines](https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/coronavirus/coronavirus.html)
|
||||
- [NHS's Health Information and Advice on Coronavirus](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/)
|
||||
- [Instituto Superiore di Sanità](https://www.iss.it/coronavirus)
|
||||
- [Covid19Italia](https://www.covid19italia.info/)
|
||||
- [Stay at home: guidance for people with confirmed or possible coronavirus](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-stay-at-home-guidance/stay-at-home-guidance-for-people-with-confirmed-or-possible-coronavirus-covid-19-infection)
|
||||
- [What to do if you have confirmed or suspected Coronavirus](https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/1600/coronavirus/COVIDcasepositive.pdf)
|
||||
# Home isolation
|
||||
- [Downloadable posters templates for those who are self-isolating as a preventative measure, by Chronically Awesome](https://chronicallyawesome.org.uk/posters-for-those-who-are-self-isolating-as-a-preventative-measure/)
|
||||
- [Safer Drug Use During the COVID-19 Outbreak](https://harmreduction.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID19-safer-drug-use-1.pdf)
|
||||
- [Quarantine the cat? Disinfect the dog? The latest advice about the coronavirus and your pets](https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/quarantine-cat-disinfect-dog-latest-advice-about-coronavirus-and-your-pets)
|
||||
|
||||
# Resrouces on organising care and mutual aid
|
||||
- [Asian American Care Antibodies: "Care in the time of the coronavirus"](https://twitter.com/aafcollective/status/1242918178323300352)
|
||||
- [Safety Practices for COVID-19/Coronavirus Mutual Aid Projects](https://docs.google.com/document/d/14BgQOQWH_lz76g9F08KUjX2iTUdWXqGCeyGxB-mQlBY/edit)
|
||||
- [Queercare resources for how to do care safely](https://wiki.queercare.network/index.php?title=Category:Covid)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus Tech Handbook](https://coronavirustechhandbook.com/)
|
||||
- [Sex Workers Advocacy and Resistance Movement: "COVID 19 Resources for Sex Workers"](https://www.swarmcollective.org/coronavirus)
|
||||
- [Mutual Aid Groups in NYC](http://mutualaid.nyc/groups/)
|
||||
- [Mutual Aid: How to Build a Network in Your Neighborhood from Medford-Somerville (USA)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ca-sz4DRNvUg8ezcrfd6awH-ahxBDJwnbdzxm4_qDVs/edit)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Labour, precarity and joblessness
|
||||
- [The Workers Who Face the Greatest Coronavirus Risk, by NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html)
|
||||
- [COVID-19 lessons from Italy. A primer for workplace rights, health and safety](https://docs.google.com/document/d/16yFBKV3nACNLvSeEYIe5GlLLjVXJdVUaFa8o8UGdD3M/edit)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus sparks nationwide strikes in Italy](https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-sparks-nationwide-strikes-in-italy/)
|
||||
- [Workers and the Virus: Radical Lessons from Italy in the Age of COVID-19](https://medium.com/@adelfanti/workers-and-the-virus-radical-lessons-from-italy-in-the-age-of-covid-19-fac400bd9a02)
|
||||
- [Sex Workers Advocacy and Resistance Movement Solidarity Fund (UK)](https://www.swarmcollective.org/donate)
|
||||
- [As coronavirus spreads, housekeepers in L.A. declare staying home ‘a luxury’](https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-03-15/coronavirus-pandemic-disease-housekeepers-westwood)
|
||||
- [COVID-19 and Freelance Artists (USA)](https://covid19freelanceartistresource.wordpress.com/)
|
||||
- [Our Response to the COVID-19 Crisis, by Designers + Cultural Workers branch of the United Voices of the World Union (UK)](https://mailchi.mp/0f67a2d44fa7/our-response-to-the-covid-19-crisis)
|
||||
- [Germany promises financial support to help arts institutions hit by coronavirus](https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-promises-financial-support-to-help-arts-institutions-hit-by-coronavirus)
|
||||
- [Collective Care Is Our Best Weapon against COVID-19](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uP49OQGhosfBN4BOYQvyy_Mu3mpCSOYzip13LksC-S8/edit)
|
||||
- [L’impatto del Coronavirus sui freelance. I risultati di un sondaggio](https://www.actainrete.it/2020/03/03/limpatto-del-coronavirus-sui-freelance-i-risultati-di-un-sondaggio/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Carework
|
||||
- [Time to Care. Unpaid and underpaid care work and the global inequality crisis. Oxfam briefing Paper, January 2020.](https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf)
|
||||
- [Sveglia all’alba per ospedali lindi e in ordine: l’importanza delle addette alle pulizie](https://www.bergamonews.it/2020/03/12/sveglia-allalba-per-ospedali-lindi-e-in-ordine-limportanza-delle-addette-alle-pulizie/358865/)
|
||||
- [Cleaners in coronavirus-hit London hospital walk out after private contractor fails to pay wages](https://www.gmb-southern.org.uk/news/cleaners-walk-out-lewisham-hospital-contractor-fails-pay-wages)
|
||||
|
||||
# Reproductive rights
|
||||
- [Interruzione di gravidanza](https://consultoriautogestita.wordpress.com/interruzione-di-gravidanza/)
|
||||
- [L’emergenza di prendersi cura di noi: risorse online al tempo di Covid-19, by Chayn Italia (ITA)](https://www.che-fare.com/chayn-donne-covid-cura/)
|
||||
- [House Republicans Tried to Capitalize on Coronavirus to Sneak Anti-Abortion Language Into Law](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/03/house-republicans-tried-to-capitalize-on-coronavirus-to-sneak-anti-abortion-language-into-law/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Domestic violence
|
||||
- [Home Is Not A Safe Place For Everyone](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/domestic-violence-coronavirus_n_5e6a6ac1c5b6bd8156f3641b)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus: Spike in divorces as fighting couples forced into isolation](https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2020/03/coronavirus-spike-in-divorces-as-fighting-couples-forced-into-isolation-report.html)
|
||||
- [Pandemic Inequalities, Pandemic Demands](https://www.weareplanc.org/blog/pandemic-inequalities-pandemic-demands/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Drug addiction
|
||||
- [Quit Herion's "How to Use Narcan to Reverse an Overdose"](https://www.quitheroin.com/overdose/how-to-use-narcan/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Homeless, refugees, prisoners
|
||||
- [CDC's guidance for homeless shelters](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/homeless-shelters/plan-prepare-respond.html)
|
||||
- [Specific Considerations for Public Health Authorities to Limit Infection Risk Among People Experiencing Homelessness](https://files.hudexchange.info/public/resources/documents/Specific-Considerations-for-Public-Health-Authorities-to-Limit-Infection-Risk-Among-People-Experiencing-Homelessness.pdf)
|
||||
- [What if you can’t stay home? Recommendations to support the health of people experiencing homelessness during the Coronavirus State of Emergency](http://www.streetsheet.org/what-if-you-cant-stay-home/)
|
||||
- [UN Refugee Agency steps up COVID-19 preparedness, prevention and response measures](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/3/5e677f634/un-refugee-agency-steps-covid-19-preparedness-prevention-response-measures.html)
|
||||
- [COVID-19: Evacuation of squalid Greek camps more urgent than ever in light of coronavirus pandemic](https://www.msf.org.uk/article/covid-19-evacuation-squalid-greek-camps-more-urgent-ever-light-coronavirus-pandemic)
|
||||
- [To contain coronavirus, release people in prison. Do not let Covid-19 become Katrina in Connecticut.](https://ctmirror.org/category/ct-viewpoints/joseph-gaylin-noora-reffat-and-arvind-venkataraman/)
|
||||
- [Le rivolte nelle carceri sono il frutto di crisi vecchie e nuove, L'Internazionale (ITA)](https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/giuseppe-rizzo/2020/03/11/rivolte-carcere-coronavirus)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus. Emergenza economica, domenica il decreto da almeno 15 miliardi: stop versamenti Fisco e rate mutui, Il Sole 24 Ore (ITALY)](https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/coronavirus-rimborso-gli-spettacoli-rinvio-laurea-ultime-novita-decreto-ADl1TAD)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus Calls for an Emergency Rent Freeze and Eviction Moratorium, Jacobin (USA)](https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/03/coronavirus-housing-security-rent-freeze-eviction)
|
||||
- [Hong Kong retailers in rent battle to survive virus, protests blow (HONG KONG)](https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/hong-kong-retailers-in-rent-battle-to-survive-virus-protests-blow/74393790)
|
||||
- [Right to the City - Zagreb: "Four demands for the safety of home during the crisis"](https://pravonagrad.org/four-requirements-for-the-safety-of-home-during-the-crisis/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Coronavirus and environmental crisis
|
||||
- [EcoHealth Alliance's Publication](https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/publications)
|
||||
- ["The Man Who Saw the Pandemic Coming"](http://nautil.us/issue/83/intelligence/the-man-who-saw-the-pandemic-coming)
|
||||
- [Jim Robbins: "The Ecology of Disease"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/sunday-review/the-ecology-of-disease.html),
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace: "Coronavirus: »Agribusiness would risk millions of deaths.«"](https://www.marx21.de/coronavirus-agribusiness-would-risk-millions-of-deaths/)
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace, Rodrick Wallace (eds.): "Neoliberal Ebola: Modeling Disease Emergence from Finance to Forest and Farm"](http://93.174.95.29/_ads/8D07B63757F066F0203EE0F4A68B18DD)
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
- [What would happen if the world reacted to climate change like it’s reacting to the coronavirus?](https://www.fastcompany.com/90473758/what-would-happen-if-the-world-reacted-to-climate-change-like-its-reacting-to-the-coronavirus)
|
||||
- [Can Capitalist Reform Save The Environment?](http://www.leftcom.org/en/articles/2020-02-24/can-capitalist-reform-save-the-environment)
|
||||
- ["Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2020/03/16/coronavirus-lockdown-may-have-saved-77000-lives-in-china-just-from-pollution-reduction/)
|
||||
- ["Coronavirus Causes Decline in Air Pollution Across Northern Italy"](https://www.greenmatters.com/p/italy-air-pollution-coronavirus)
|
||||
- ["Aircraft emissions ‘responsible for 16,000 deaths per year’""](https://airqualitynews.com/2015/07/27/aircraft-emissions-responsible-for-16000-deaths-per-year/)
|
||||
- [Eric Holthaus: "No, the coronavirus is not good for the climate"](https://thecorrespondent.com/330/no-the-coronavirus-is-not-good-for-the-climate/43687590870-ae5ff40e)
|
||||
|
||||
# Socialising and conviviality
|
||||
- [Aplausos en toda España para agradecer al personal sanitario su titánico esfuerzo](https://www.elperiodico.com/es/sociedad/20200314/coronavirus-aplausos-vecinos-personal-medico-7890204)
|
||||
- [L'applauso dai balconi di tutta Italia per medici e infermieri](https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2020-03-14/coronavirus-applausi-balconi-mezzogiorno-7519424/)
|
||||
- [Quarantine Kitchen: Iranians share recipes, flavors, and joy despite the threat of coronavirus](https://ajammc.com/)
|
||||
- [Clubbers in China are going to 'cloud raves' on TikTok because Coronavirus quarantines mean they can't party for real — here's what CloudRaves are like](https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-quarantine-cloud-raves-china-photos-2020-2)
|
||||
[Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
- [Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
- [Arriva il weekend in isolamento: tutti pronti per l'aperitivo virtuale](https://it.mashable.com/coronavirus/2364/arriva-il-weekend-in-isolamento-tutti-pronti-per-laperitivo-virtuale)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus, aperitivi e cene virtuali: le app per ritrovarsi vicini ma lontani](https://www.corriere.it/moda/20_marzo_14/coronavirus-aperitivi-cene-virtuali-app-ritrovarsi-vicini-ma-lontani-e0147d82-65ff-11ea-a287-bbde7409af03.shtml)
|
||||
- [QuaratineChat](https://quarantinechat.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Coronavirus, science and technology
|
||||
|
||||
**Massive digitisation and automation**
|
||||
|
||||
- [The world’s biggest online population is staying home and China’s internet can’t cope](https://www.abacusnews.com/culture/worlds-biggest-online-population-staying-home-and-chinas-internet-cant-cope/article/3050947)
|
||||
- [Data Centers Prepare Contingencies for Coronavirus Spread](https://datacenterfrontier.com/silicon-valley-data-centers-prepare-contingencies-for-coronavirus-spread/)
|
||||
- [The Corona Reboot](https://www.ianalanpaul.com/the-corona-reboot/)
|
||||
- [China’s giants from Alibaba to Tencent ramp up health tech efforts to battle coronavirus](https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/04/coronavirus-china-alibaba-tencent-baidu-boost-health-tech-efforts.html)
|
||||
- [In China’s hospitals, robots are helping to halt the spread of coronavirus](https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/trio-of-robots-china-hospitals/)
|
||||
- [The rush to deploy robots in China amid the coronavirus outbreak](https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/02/the-rush-to-deploy-robots-in-china-amid-the-coronavirus-outbreak.html)
|
||||
- [EFF: What you should know about online tools during Covid-19 crirs](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/03/what-you-should-know-about-online-tools-during-covid-19-crisis)
|
||||
|
||||
**Open science**
|
||||
|
||||
- [COVID-19 could kill the for-profit science publishing model.That would be a good thing](https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-03-03/covid-19-open-science)
|
||||
- [How profit makes the fight for a coronavirus vaccine harder](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/04/market-coronavirus-vaccine-us-health-virus-pharmaceutical-business)
|
||||
- [Impacts of operational failures on primary care physicians’ work: A critical interpretive synthesis of the literature](https://www.thisinstitute.cam.ac.uk/research-articles/impacts-operational-failures-primary-care-physicians-work-critical-interpretive-synthesis-literature)
|
||||
- [Trump 'offers large sums' for exclusive US access to coronavirus vaccine](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/15/trump-offers-large-sums-for-exclusive-access-to-coronavirus-vaccine)
|
||||
- [The science of soap – here’s how it kills the coronavirus](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/12/science-soap-kills-coronavirus-alcohol-based-disinfectants)
|
||||
|
||||
**Open & DIY tech**
|
||||
- [Rebelling with Care. Exploring open technologies for commoning healthcare.](https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:26681/)
|
||||
- [Also available in ITA](http://wemake.cc/digitalsocial/cure-ribelli/)
|
||||
- [Nick Titus from the Four Thieves Vinegar Collective. Video from the Pirate Care Conference, Coventry University, June 2019](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgMPGOw3Flg&list=PLX-N8krB2JMcVktrreeqLJAKTYqNoiSnO&index=18)
|
||||
- [Four Thieves Vinegar Collective: An Anarchist Guide to Surviving Coronavirus - Covid-19](https://archive.org/details/2019ncov/mode/2up)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus Tech Handbook](https://coronavirustechhandbook.com/)
|
||||
- [Open Source Italian Platform to share info and support for the emercengy](https://www.covid19italia.help/)
|
||||
- [Biohackers team up online to help develop coronavirus solutions](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/biohacking-online-forums-coronavirus-vaccines-testing)
|
||||
- [How to make your own mask: Hong Kong scientists reveal temporary solution for those unable to get protective gear because of panic buying and price-gouging](https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3050689/how-make-your-own-mask-hong-kong-scientists)
|
||||
- [Italian hospital saves Covid-19 patients lives by 3D printing valves for reanimation devices](https://www.3dprintingmedia.network/covid-19-3d-printed-valve-for-reanimation-device/#comment-7095)
|
||||
- [(ITA) Coronavirus, a Brescia manca una valvola per i rianimatori: ingegneri e fisici la stampano in 3D in sei ore](https://it.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-manca-la-valvola-per-uno-strumento-di-rianimazione-e-noi-la-stampiamo-in-3d-accade-nellospedale-di-chiari-brescia/)
|
||||
- [Discussion thread on the fb group 'Fabber in Italia' initiated by Zoe Romano]( https://www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=fabber%20in%20italia&epa=SEARCH_BOX)
|
||||
- [Open source medical supplies FB group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/670932227050506/)
|
||||
- [Ultimate Medical Hackathon: How Fast Can We Design And Deploy An Open Source Ventilator?, by Hackaday](https://hackaday.com/2020/03/12/ultimate-medical-hackathon-how-fast-can-we-design-and-deploy-an-open-source-ventilator/)
|
||||
- [Solidarity infrastructure for solidarity actions](https://www.systemli.org/en/2020/03/15/solidarity-as-infrastructure.html)
|
||||
- [Open Wiki to map, connect and organize information channels, solidarity and social cooperation](https://viralsolidarity.org/doku.php?id=start)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Political demands
|
||||
- [Plan C: Pandemic demands and mutual aid](https://www.weareplanc.org/blog/pandemic-demands-and-mutual-aid/)
|
||||
- [Plan C: Pandemic inequalities, pandemic demands](https://www.weareplanc.org/blog/pandemic-inequalities-pandemic-demands/)
|
||||
- [Bue Rübner Hansen's list of demands](https://www.facebook.com/buerhansen/posts/10158037155810351)
|
||||
- [To our friends all over the world from the eye of Covid-19 storm, by DINAMOPress, (Italy)](https://www.dinamopress.it/news/to-our-friends-all-over-the-world-from-the-eye-of-covid-19-storm/)
|
||||
- [The Insanity of Making Sick People Work, by Jacobin Magazine (USA)](https://jacobinmag.com/2020/03/coronavirus-workers-rights-health-care-cleaners-gig-economy)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus: 8 demands we should make on the government, by Counterfire (UK)](https://www.counterfire.org/articles/opinion/20956-coronavirus-8-demands-we-should-make-on-the-government)
|
||||
- [Demands from Grassroots Organizers Concerning COVID-19, by Transformative Spaces (USA)](https://transformativespaces.org/2020/03/04/demands-from-grassroots-organizers-concerning-covid-19/)
|
||||
- [‘The Cripples Will Save You’: A Critical Coronavirus Message from a Disability Activist](https://creakyjoints.org/living-with-arthritis/coronavirus-disability-activism/)
|
||||
- [Vice: "The World After This"](https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wxekvw/the-world-after-coronavirus-healthcare-labor-climate-internet)
|
||||
|
||||
# Other useful reading lists
|
||||
- [COVID-19 Readings and Supports by Pyriscence Magazine](https://www.pyriscence.ca/home/covid19links)
|
||||
- [COVID-19: Left Perspectives](https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/12lWfgIO4Kbkka2W6w5fsMt0ZhG5YXXoHyhDHmrVGOCU/mobilebasic)
|
||||
- [The Syllabus: The Politics of COVID-19](https://the-syllabus.com/politics-of-covid19-readings-part1/)
|
||||
- [Reading on political, social, and ecological questions regarding COVID-19 and it's effects](https://yourpart.eu/p/QuarantineSchool_COVID19)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Criminalization of Housing Struggles"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# How practicing the right to home becomes a crime?
|
||||
|
||||
Challenging private property with housing practices and solidarity actions to ensure that people have access to housing has been systematically discouraged by means of creating obstacles, vilification, stigmatization and juridical action. These practices have been referred to as criminalization of solidarity. Criminalization of solidarity in Europe has been soaring after the crisis in 2008. Individuals involved in the anti-eviction actions have been penalized and arrested, squatting has been illegalized in most European countries and replaced with profitable practices as property guardianship. The most severe attacks have been directed towards solidarity with migrants, including self-organized housing usually run by migrants and solidarity groups.
|
||||
|
||||
## Proposed resources
|
||||
|
||||
- **Read about the criminalisation of solidarity against the anti-eviction movement in Serbia:** 
|
||||
- **Read about the criminalization of the squatting movement in the Netherlands:** 
|
||||
- **Read about criminalization of squatting in Barcelona:** [Some recent mainstream media representations of squatting in Barcelona (Group Against Criminalization)](bib:2af93d30-7d8a-4535-a26d-6434204ef6c8)
|
||||
- **Read about the murder of Jolanta Brezenska in Warsaw and the collusion of the police and the ruling elite in stopping housing activism:** 
|
||||
|
||||
## How to learn together
|
||||
|
||||
Read the proposed articles before you come to the session. Collectively build the arguments pro and contra the solidarity housing movement. Split into two groups. Each group represents a group of lawyers. The first group is in favor of the solidarity housing movement. The second is against it. Each group articulates its own argument. Use what you have read. Come back together. Organize a discussion in the form of a court debate. Share your notes with other Pirate Care Syllabus users.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "The Crisis of Care and its Criminalisation"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# On the Crisis of Care
|
||||
|
||||
## Some key readings
|
||||
|
||||
- Fraser, Nancy. ["Contradictions of capital and care."](https://newleftreview.org/issues/II100/articles/nancy-fraser-contradictions-of-capital-and-care) New Left Review 100.99 (2016).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- David Graeber. [“Caring too much. That's the curse of the working classes.”](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/26/caring-curse-working-class-austerity-solidarity-scourge) The Guardian, 26 March 2014.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Miranda Hall. [“The crisis of care.com”](https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/crisis-carecom/) , openDemocracy.net, 11th February 2020.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Evelyn Nakano Glenn, [Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America](https://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/ab05564f-e1b0-4172-94ac-39efe920768f). Harvard University Press, 2010.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Uma Narayan. “Colonialism and Its Others: Considerations on Rights and Care Discourses.” Hypatia, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Spring, 1995), pp. 133-140.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Reports
|
||||
|
||||
- [Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work](https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_633135.pdf), ILO Report, 2018, by Laura Addati, Umberto Cattaneo, Valeria Esquivel and Isabel Valarino.
|
||||
This report takes a comprehensive look at unpaid and paid care work and its relationship with the changing world of work. A key focus is the persistent gender inequalities in households and the labour market, which are inextricably linked with care work.
|
||||
- [Time to Care. Unpaid and underpaid care work and the global inequality crisis.](https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0aDqp4-Sawg6QjN5BTHC_4VThfXLPRJd2bprqdbmEQUaN7LyFYh0cU2hw) Oxfam briefing Paper, January 2020.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Mensah, Kwadwo, Maureen Mackintosh, and Leroi Henry. [The “Skills Drain” of Health Professionals from the Developing World: a Framework for Policy Formulation.](https://www.medact.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/2.-the-skills-drain-of-health-professionals.pdf) London: Medact, February 2005.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Exercise: Spending Time with the Data
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some data on the global crisis of care:
|
||||
|
||||
> The monetary value of women’s unpaid care work globally for women aged 15 and over is at least $10.8 trillion annually –three times the size of the world’s tech industry.
|
||||
|
||||
> Taxing an additional 0.5% of the wealth of the richest 1% over the next 10 years is equal to investments needed to create 117 million jobs in education, health and elderly careand other sectors,and to close care deficits.
|
||||
|
||||
> In 2015, there were 2.1 billion people in need of care (1.9 billion children under the age of 15, of whom 0.8 billion were under six years of age, and 0.2 billion older persons aged at or above their healthy life expectancy).
|
||||
|
||||
> By 2030, the number of care recipients is predicted to reach 2.3 billion severe disabilities means that an estimated 110–190 million people with disabilities could require care or assistance throughout their entire lives.
|
||||
|
||||
> Globally, 78.4 per cent of these households are headed by women, who are increasingly shouldering the financial and childcare responsibilities of a household without support from fathers.
|
||||
|
||||
> Women perform 76.2 per cent of the total amount of unpaid care work, 3.2 times more time than men.
|
||||
|
||||
> The global care workforce comprises 249 million women and 132 million men.
|
||||
|
||||
> A high road scenario requires doubling current levels of investment in education, health and social work by 2030
|
||||
|
||||
> Estimates based on time-use survey data in 64 countries (representing 66.9 per cent of the world’s working-age population) show that 16.4 billion hours are spent in unpaid care work every day. This is equivalent to 2.0 billion people working 8 hours per day with no remuneration. Were such services to be valued on the basis of an hourly minimum wage, they would amount to 9 per cent of global GDP, which corresponds to US$11 trillion (purchasing power parity 2011). The great majority of unpaid care work consists of household work (81.8 per cent), followed by direct personal care (13.0 per cent) and volunteer work (5.2 per cent).
|
||||
|
||||
> In no country in the world do men and women provide an equal share of unpaid care work. Women dedicate on average 3.2 times more time than men to unpaid care work: 4 hours and 25 minutes per day, against 1 hour and 23 minutes for men. Over the course of a year, this represents a total of 201 working days (on an eight-hour basis) for women compared with 63 working for men.
|
||||
|
||||
> Men’s contribution to unpaid care work has increased in some countries over the past 20 years. Yet, between 1997 and 2012, the gender gap in time spent in unpaid care declined by only 7 minutes (from 1 hour and 49 minutes to 1 hour and 42 minutes) in the 23 countries with available time series data. At this pace, it will take 210 years (i.e. until 2228) to close the gender gap in unpaid care work in these countries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
(These statistics are lifted from the ILO and the Oxfam reports cited above).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Questions to move from reflection to action**
|
||||
|
||||
- How are those global data reflected in your institution, city, neighbourhood, region, state, etc.?
|
||||
- If you don’t have access to this information, how would it be possible for you to find the relevant data around the crisis of care in your own context?
|
||||
- To whom should you talk to? Institutions, activist groups, other agencies?
|
||||
- Could you produce your own data, if they are not available? If so, what methods could you use? What skills and tools would you need? How much time?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# The Criminalization of Care and Solidarity
|
||||
|
||||
## Reports:
|
||||
|
||||
- ReSOMA (Research Social Platform on Migration and Asylum), [Crackdown on NGOs and volunteers helping refugees and other migrants.](http://www.resoma.eu/sites/resoma/resoma/files/policy_brief/pdf/Final%20Synthetic%20Report%20-%20Crackdown%20on%20NGOs%20and%20volunteers%20helping%20refugees%20and%20other%20migrants_1.pdf) Synthetic Report. June 2019
|
||||
|
||||
- Centre for Peace Studies. [Criminalisation of Solidarity.](https://www.cms.hr/system/article_document/doc/616/CPS_Policy_brief_Criminalisation_of_solidarity.pdf) Policy Brief. Zagreb, October 2019
|
||||
|
||||
- Marine Buissonniere et al., [The Criminalization of Healthcare.](https://www1.essex.ac.uk/hrc/documents/54198-criminalization-of-healthcare-web.pdf) June 2018
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Examples
|
||||
|
||||
Below are listed some recent examples of the criminalization of care and solidarity (mainly from the European and North American contexts):
|
||||
|
||||
- Smith, H. (2018) [‘Arrest of Syrian ‘hero swimmer’ puts Lesbos refugees back in spotlight.’](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/arrest-of-syrian-hero-swimmer-lesbos-refugees-sara-mardini) The Guardian, 6th September
|
||||
- [Sea-Watch hails Italian court decision to free Carola Rackete](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2019/07/sea-watch-hails-italian-court-decision-free-carola-rackete-190703070005678.html)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [Criminalisation of Solidarity in Croatia](https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Croatia/Croatia-criminalisation-of-solidarity-190998)
|
||||
|
||||
- [No More Deaths](https://nomoredeaths.org/webinar-water-not-walls-resisting-the-criminalization-of-aid-in-the-borderlands/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [Spanish firefighters on trial for rescuing refugees at sea](https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/05/07/inenglish/1525676312_002491.html) El Pais, 5th July 2018.
|
||||
|
||||
- Amnesty International. [Demand the charges against Sarah and Seán are dropped.](https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/take-action/w4r-2019-greece-sean-binder-and-sarah-mardini/?fbclid=IwAR1gM0jHIiYmovvHSJ3Px5zyIxteIEt4pKvsUGtRpaY_gIFZMRvjiK8alXw)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [Eric Lundgren, ‘e-waste’ recycling innovator, faces prison for trying to extend life span of PCs.](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2018/02/15/eric-lundgren-e-waste-recycling-innovator-faces-prison-for-trying-to-extend-lifespan-of-pcs/) Washington Post, 15th February 2018.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- The Red Cross, [The EU must stop the criminalisation of solidarity with migrants and refugees](https://redcross.eu/latest-news/the-eu-must-stop-the-criminalisation-of-solidarity-with-migrants-and-refugees), Statement. 26th July 2019.
|
||||
|
||||
- Justin Peters, [The Idealist: Aaron Swartz and the Rise of Free Culture on the Internet.](https://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/202d5762-ada8-4b8a-a771-54b57322b805) Scribner, 2016.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Sea-Watch. [#ElHiblu3: Teenagers out on bail after almost 8 months of detention.](https://sea-watch.org/en/elhiblu3-bail_pr/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Mediterranea Rescue. [Mediterranea: the Court of Palermo orders the release of Mare Jonio. Our ship is finally free; the Safety Decrees have been invalidated.](https://mediterranearescue.org/en/news-en/mediterranea-the-court-of-palermo-orders-the-release-of-mare-jonio-our-ship-is-finally-free-the-safety-decrees-have-been-invalidated/) Tuesday 4 February 2020
|
||||
|
||||
- [In Tampa, Food Not Bombs activists arrested for feeding the homeless—again.](https://www.cltampa.com/news-views/local-news/article/20848403/tampa-activists-arrested-for-feeding-the-homeless) CLTampa.com, January 2017.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [Hungary’s rough sleepers go into hiding as homelessness made illegal](https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/hungary-s-rough-sleepers-go-into-hiding-as-homelessness-made-illegal-1.3677005), The Irish Times, 2018
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- La Via Campesina. [Seed laws that criminalise farmers: resistance and fightback](https://www.grain.org/article/entries/5142-seed-laws-that-criminalise-farmers-resistance-and-fightback). GRAIN, 8 April 2015.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The becoming-police of civil servants
|
||||
|
||||
The criminalization of care and solidarity is accompanied by the parallel phenomenon of making social workers and public servants role act as police. Below, a few examples and resources from the UK context, narrated by the campaigns who are pushing back:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Docs Not Cops](http://www.docsnotcops.co.uk/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [#PatientsNotPassports Campaign](https://patientsnotpassports.co.uk/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Rights Watch UK. [Preventing Education? Human Rights and UK Counter-Terrorism Policy In Schools.](http://rwuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/preventing-education-final-to-print-3.compressed-1.pdf) July 2016
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- National Union of Students UK. [Preventing PREVENT Handbook 2017.](https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/resources/preventing-prevent-handbook) The NUS Black Students' Campaign have created this handbook to counter the PREVENT agenda on campuses.
|
||||
|
||||
- Islamic Human Rights Commission. [The PREVENT Strategy: Campaign Resources.](https://www.ihrc.org.uk/activities/projects/11472-the-prevent-strategy-campaign-resources/#chapter9) June 21, 2015.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Wie kann man Menschen während der Hausisolation unterstützen"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Drafted by the [Pirate Care Syllabus](http://syllabus.pirate.care/) crew. Last edit: March 28, 11pm CST.*
|
||||
|
||||
*This document also exists as an English version: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Ovaj dokument dostupan je i na hrvatskom: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Hay una versión de este documento en español: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Grundsätze für die Organisation von Hilfe
|
||||
|
||||
Das Bedeutendste, was die Bevölkerung tun kann, um eine rasante Verbreitung des Virus und die damit einhergehende Sterblichkeitsrate zu reduzieren, ist, engen Kontakt zu vermeiden (2 Meter Abstand in geschlossenen Räumen, 1 Meter im Freien), von zu Hause aus zu arbeiten und die Isolation zu Hause zu praktizieren. Personen, die zu Risikogruppen gehören (älter als 60 Jahre und/oder an chronischen Krankheiten wie Herz-Kreislauf- und Herzerkrankungen, hohem oder niedrigem Blutdruck, Diabetes, Lungen- oder Immunsystemkrankheiten leidend), sollten ihre Wohnung nicht verlassen. Personen, die erst kürzlich gereist sind und/oder bei denen Symptome auftreten, und denen geraten oder angeordnet wird, sich in Isolation zu begeben, müssen unbedingt zu Hause bleiben und Kontakt mit anderen vermeiden. An vielen Orten sollten alle diejenigen, die nicht wirklich dringend zur Arbeit gehen müssen, zu Hause bleiben und nur die notwendigsten Einkäufe erledigen, wenn Ausgangsbeschränkungen und/oder -sperrmaßnahmen durch die Behörden eingeführt werden. Dadurch verringern wir das Risiko einer weiteren erheblichen Ausbreitung.
|
||||
|
||||
Häusliche Isolation schafft jedoch erhebliche Hindernisse für die Sicherstellung der regelmäßigen Versorgung mit Lebensmitteln, Medikamenten, Sanitär- und Pflegeartikeln und anderen Verbrauchsgütern sowie für die Erledigung von Routineaufgaben wie Müllabfuhr oder der Gang zum Briefkasten. Isolation bedeutet eine radikale Umgehung der Art und Weise, wie diejenigen, die in Isolation leben, ihr tägliches Leben organisieren. Und die Bedingungen der Isolation können zu Orientierungslosigkeit, mangelnden sozialen Kontakten und emotionalen Schwierigkeiten führen.
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn Du nicht Teil der Risikogruppe bist und in einer Gruppe oder als Einzelperson in der Unterstützung von Familienmitgliedern, Freunden, Nachbarn, oder Fremden aktiv werden werden möchtest, dann sind hier ein paar Szenarien, die Du in Betracht ziehen kannst, um die Art deiner Unterstützung zu planen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Teile mit, dass Du Hilfe anbietest
|
||||
|
||||
Du kannst sie über Dein Unterstützungsangebot informieren, indem du einen Zettel am Eingang des Gebäudes aushängst, in dem sie wohnen - oder Du hinterlässt einen Zettel unter oder neben ihrer Tür, oder rufst sie an. Du kannst es natürlich auch über soziale Medien oder auf einer Webseite bekannt machen - gehe aber eher davon aus, dass ältere Menschen vielleicht nicht unbedingt mit dem Internet vertraut sind... Papier und Telefon sind hier sicher die zuverlässigeren Kommunikationsmittel. Hinterlasse eine Telefonnummer als Kontakt und grundlegende Informationen über Dich oder Deine Gruppe von Freiwilligen, um erstes Vertrauen aufzubauen. Lass sie in Deiner Notiz wissen, dass Du ihnen auch Hilfe anbietest, falls sie möglicherweise selbst keine Hilfe benötigen, damit sie dies auch an ihre möglicherweise hilfebedürftigen Freunde und Familienmitglieder weiter geben können.
|
||||
|
||||
Deine erste Notiz kann zum Beispiel sehr einfach sein:
|
||||
|
||||
> Liebe Nachbarn,
|
||||
|
||||
> Wenn Sie Hilfe bei der Beschaffung von Lebensmitteln und medizinischer Versorgung, beim Abholen der Post oder beim Gassigehen mit Ihrem Hund benötigen, rufen Sie uns bitte an unter
|
||||
|
||||
> [Deine Telefonnummer hier]
|
||||
|
||||
> und wir erledigen diese Besorgungen für Sie, wobei wir alle notwendigen Vorsichtsmaßnahmen treffen, um Sie nicht einem erhöhten Ansteckungsrisiko auszusetzen.
|
||||
|
||||
> Bleiben Sie zu Hause und bleiben Sie gesund, und zögern Sie bitte nicht, uns zu kontaktieren - wir sind hier, um Ihnen zu helfen,
|
||||
|
||||
> [Beschreibe kurz, wer Du bist und wie Du heißt, z.B. "Nachbar aus dem Erdgeschoss", "Nachbarschaftsgruppe für gegenseitige Hilfe"]
|
||||
|
||||
## Was man bei der Vermittlung von Hilfeleistungen beachten sollte
|
||||
|
||||
Achte bei der Vermittlung von Hilfe insbesondere auf folgende Punkte:
|
||||
|
||||
* Bespreche mit der in häuslicher Isolation befindlichen Person die Richtlinien zur häuslichen Isolation, Unterstützung für Risikogruppen und ähnliche offizielle Anleitungen, um festzustellen, was die Person tun muss, um ihr tägliches Leben während einer längeren häuslichen Isolation zu organisieren, und was sie benötigt, um es auf diese Weise zu organisieren. Folgende beispielhafte Richtlinien und Anleitungen können hierzu hilfreich sein.
|
||||
* z.B. die [irische Gesundheitsrichtlinie](https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/coronavirus/self-isolation-and-limited-social-interaction.html),
|
||||
* [Informationsseite der Bundesregierung](https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/coronavirus/ausbreitung-coronavirus-1716188),
|
||||
* [Maßnahmen zur Beschränkung sozialer Kontakte](https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/coronavirus/besprechung-der-bundeskanzlerin-mit-den-regierungschefinnen-und-regierungschefs-der-laender-1733248),
|
||||
* [Themen-Übersicht der Stadt Hamburg, inkl. Links zu Regeln, Erlässen, etc.](https://www.hamburg.de/coronavirus/)
|
||||
* Welche Vorkehrungen sind dringend nötig? Kann man die nötigen Dinge online bestellen und sich liefern lassen, oder ist es besser, die Vorräte selbst oder durch Nachbarschaftshilfe zu besorgen?
|
||||
* Hat die Person alle Medikamente, die sie benötigt? Benötigt sie ein Rezept? Kann die Person ihre Medikamente selbst in der Apotheke abholen, oder benötigt sie Unterstützung? Hat die Person Seife und Desinfektionsmittel vorrätig und evtl. Zugang zu Atemschutzmasken, sofern medizinisch notwendig? Ist ein Fieber-Thermometer sowie Fieber- und Hustenmittel vorrätig?
|
||||
* Ist die Person in der Lage, selbst eine Mahlzeit zuzubereiten oder braucht sie Hilfe? Kannst Du ihr eine Mahlzeit zubereiten? Oder kannst Du alternativ dabei helfen, stattdessen Lebensmittel aus einer Suppen- oder Solidaritätsküche liefern zu lassen?
|
||||
* Kannst Du ihren Müll für sie 'rausbringen und/oder die Post abholen?
|
||||
* Hat die Person ein Haustier? Sollte mit dem Haustier spazieren gegangen werden?
|
||||
* Hat die Person finanzielle Möglichkeiten, sich zu versorgen? Hat sie Bargeld zuhause? Kann sie online bezahlen? Hat sie eine Vertrauensperson, die für sie Bargeld abheben kann? Benötigt die Person finanzielle Unterstützung?
|
||||
* Um die Bewegung außerhalb der eigenen vier Wände zu minimieren, kann es ratsam sein, gleich für mehrere Tage zu planen und entsprechende Besorgungen zu machen.
|
||||
|
||||
## Was bei der Lieferung von Lebensmitteln und anderen Gütern zu beachten ist
|
||||
|
||||
Beachte bei der Lieferung auch Folgendes:
|
||||
|
||||
* Vermeide engen Kontakt (2 Meter im geschlossenen Raum und 1 Meter in der Umgebungsluft, und halte die Wechselwirkung kurz), um die Übertragung des Virus über die Luft zu verhindern.
|
||||
* Es ist am besten, zu überbringende Dinge an der Haustür abzulegen, damit die in Isolation befindliche Person diese von dort aufnehmen und in die Wohnung transportieren kann, sobald sich die Lieferantin / der Lieferant mind. 1 Meter vom Übergabeort entfernt hat.
|
||||
* Das Gleiche gilt auch für die Übergabe von Müll oder allem, was aus der Wohnung nach draußen gebracht werden soll.
|
||||
* Kann man direkten sozialen Kontakt nicht vermeiden, dann sollte die in der Isolation befindliche Person eine Atemschutzmaske tragen. Sollten im konkreten Fall keine medizinisch zertifizierte Lösung vorhanden sein, kann unter Umständen in Erwägung gezogen werden, sich selbst Masken herzustellen - eine Möglichkeit, die zumindest eine nominelle Verbesserung im Vergleich zu keiner Maske darstellt, wird in [diesem Artikel](https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3050689/how-make-your-own-mask-hong-kong-scientists) beschrieben.
|
||||
* Gehe vorsichtig mit zu übergebenden Gegenständen um, um die Übertragung des Virus mittels Oberflächen zu vermeiden. Benutze Einweghandschuhe für die Handhabung sowohl von durch dich zu liefernde Gegenstände als auch abzuholende Dinge.
|
||||
|
||||
## Was zu beachten ist, wenn man mit einer in häuslicher Isolation befindlichen Person zusammenlebt
|
||||
|
||||
Viele von denen, die sich in Isolation befinden – weil sie infiziert sein könnten oder infiziert sind oder weil sie zu einer der Risikogruppen gehören – leben in einem gemeinsamen Haushalt. Auch für ältere, schwer kranke, gebrechliche oder behinderte Menschen, die auf die Hilfe anderer angewiesen sind – aber an Orten und in Situationen leben, in denen diese Hilfe nicht von qualifizierten Institutionen und ausgebildeten Betreuern geleistet werden kann – ist die empfohlene soziale Distanzierung und Isolation nicht leicht umzusetzen. In den meisten Fällen ist der direkte Kontakt mit anderen Menschen unvermeidbar. Falls Sie mit einer Person in Isolation zusammenleben, sollten Sie die folgenden Richtlinien berücksichtigen.
|
||||
|
||||
Kurz gesagt:
|
||||
* Wenn möglich, sollte die isolierte Person einen separaten Raum bewohnen. Der Raum sollte regelmäßig gelüftet und desinfiziert werden.
|
||||
* Wenn möglich, benutzt die isolierte Person eine separate Toilette und ein separates Badezimmer. Andernfalls müssen Toilette und Bad nach jedem Benutzen desinfiziert werden.
|
||||
* Isolierte Menschen sollten von anderen Personen im Haushalt, die zu einer der Risikogruppen gehören, distanziert werden.
|
||||
* Wenn die isolierte Person die Pflege anderer Personen benötigt, sollte die Anzahl der Betreuenden minimal sein. Auch stellen Sie sicher, dass Betreuende nicht zu einer der Risikogruppen gehören.
|
||||
* Die Betreuungspersonen sollten den Abstand (zwei Meter) einhalten, sofern sie keine direkte, physische Unterstützung leisten. Sie sollten die Maske tragen, solange sie sich im selben Raum wie eine infizierte Person befinden und sich vor und nach dem Kontakt die Hände mit Seife waschen oder sie desinfizieren.
|
||||
* Desinfizieren Sie die Oberflächen und trennen Sie Gewebe und andere kontaminierte Gegenstände vom restlichen Müll. Bewahren Sie den kontaminierten Müll fest verschnürt in einem Plastiksack im Zimmer der infizierten Person auf, und bringen Sie ihn erst kurz vor der regulären Abholung separat zur Mülltonne.
|
||||
* Benutzen Sie getrenntes Besteck und Geschirr, waschen und desinfizieren Sie es nach dem Gebrauch.
|
||||
* Waschen Sie Bettwäsche, Handtücher und Kleidung getrennt, regelmäßig und bei hoher Temperatur.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Regelmässigen Kontakt aufrechterhalten und emotionale Unterstützung bieten
|
||||
|
||||
Halten Sie häufig Rücksprache mit der infizierten Person. Hören Sie zu. Nehmen Sie Anteilnahme. Beachten Sie Folgendes:
|
||||
|
||||
* Hat die Person alles, was sie braucht? Fühlt sie sich wohl? Braucht sie medizinische Hilfe?
|
||||
* Menschen in sozialer Isolation fehlt es möglicherweise an Kontakt und emotionaler Unterstützung. Nehmen Sie sich Zeit für sie, versuchen Sie zu verstehen, wie sie sich fühlen und wie sie versuchen, mit ihrer Situation umzugehen.
|
||||
* Wenn Sie glauben, dass es einer isolierten Person emotional nicht gut geht, prüfen Sie verschiedene psychologische Beratungshotlines, und raten sie ihr, sich dort professionell beraten zu lassen.
|
||||
* Wenn Sie sich darüber informieren möchten, wie Sie selbständig psychologische Unterstützung leisten können, ziehen Sie die Lektüre der Session [Psycho-Social Autonomy](https://syllabus.pirate.care/topic/psychosocialautonomy/) (ENG) in diesem Syllabus in betracht.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Weitere Lektüre / Ressourcen
|
||||
* [Plakatvorlagen zum Runterladen: Für alle jene, die sich als Präventivmaßnahme selbst isolieren. Von Chronically Awesome.](https://chronicallyawesome.org.uk/posters-for-those-who-are-self-isolating-as-a-preventative-measure/)
|
||||
* [Sichererer Drogenkonsum während des COVID-19-Ausbruchs.](https://harmreduction.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID19-safer-drug-use-1.pdf)
|
||||
* [Die Katze unter Quarantäne stellen? Den Hund desinfizieren? Die neuesten Ratschläge über das Coronavirus und Ihre Haustiere.](https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/quarantine-cat-disinfect-dog-latest-advice-about-coronavirus-and-your-pets)
|
||||
|
||||
## Beispiele für gemeinschaftlich organisierte Hilfe
|
||||
|
||||
[Nachbar*innen helfen Nachbar*innen in der häuslichen Isolation in Wien](https://www.facebook.com/wienzufuss/photos/a.458468684246706/2800060280087523/?type=3&theater)
|
||||
|
||||
[Aufruf zur gegenseitigen Unterstützung in der Nachbarschaft von Barcelona Gràcia auf Telegram ](https://t.me/suportgracia)[^1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Solidaritätsbrigade zur Bewältigung des Notstands in Mailand](https://t.me/brigateprontointerventoMilano)[^2]
|
||||
[Facebook-Gruppe zur Unterstützung der Menschen in und um Zagreb](https://www.facebook.com/groups/523065185274554/)
|
||||
|
||||
[Facebook grupa za pomoć ljudima u Rijeci](https://www.facebook.com/groups/390454108400992/)
|
||||
|
||||
[COVID-19 UK Gegenseitige Hilfsgruppen: eine Liste von Freedom News](https://freedomnews.org.uk/covid-19-uk-mutual-aid-groups-a-list/)
|
||||
|
||||
[Queer Relief Covid-19 Berlin - Hilfe holen](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeYAX7N5xqNqwQRRz8mBH4uL9oL23Kn60uUOwmssfE6sEg2gg/viewform)
|
||||
|
||||
## Anmerkungen
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: Übersetzung von Bue Rübner Hansen: ORGANISIEREN SIE DIE SOLIDARITÄT IN IHREN GEBÄUDEN UND STRASSEN - Was können Sie tun?: 1. Organisieren Sie sich in Gruppen in Ihrem Gebäude oder entlang Ihres Straßenabschnitts, um die Menschen zu identifizieren, die Unterstützung und Hilfe bei Dingen wie Lebensmitteleinkauf, Kinderbetreuung usw. benötigen. ; 2. Um sich zu organisieren, können Sie: Treffen von Treppenhäusern oder Straßenabschnitten einberufen, alle Stockwerke Ihres Gebäudes besuchen, um die Situation in jeder Wohnung zu kennen, eine Informationstafel an Ihrem Eingang aufstellen; 3. Es ist wichtig, dass alle wissen, dass sie nicht allein sind, dass sie auf die Hilfe der Nachbarschaft zählen können; 4. Kommunikationskanäle zwischen allen im Gebäude oder Straßenabschnitt schaffen. Sowohl digital (über Mobiltelefon) als auch physisch (ein Schild am Eingang kann aktiviert werden, um alle zu informieren und Bedürfnisse zu teilen); 5. All dies sollte unter Befolgung der Regeln zur Nicht-Verbreitung des Virus geschehen.
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: Wir kämpfen gemeinsam gegen die Angst, um das Virus zu besiegen. Diese Initiative wurde ins Leben gerufen, um der Gefahr eines Zusammenbruchs des nationalen Gesundheitssystems während des Covid-19-Notstands vorzubeugen. Um teilzunehmen, schicken Sie eine Mail an
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
title: "Zusammensein ohne Nähe"
|
||||
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
*Ovaj dokument dostupan je i na hrvatskom: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*There is a version of this document in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In einer ausgedehnten Phase der Isolation greifen Menschen zu fantasievollen Wegen, um sich kollektiv, gesellig und politisch zu organisieren. Die folgenden sind nur einige Beispiele von vielen:
|
||||
|
||||
# Web-Radio
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Der Ausbruch von COVID-19 fiel in Norditalien mit dem 8. März – dem Internationalen Frauentag – zusammen. Die transfeministische Bewegung für soziale Gerechtigkeit Non Una Di Meno musste die meisten der Mobilisierungen und kollektiven Aktionen, die sie für diesen Anlass geplant hatte, absagen. So auch den Frauenstreik, der am folgenden Tag – dem 9. März – hätte stattfinden sollen. Stattdessen organisierten sie eine Reihe alternativer Aktionen: einige offline (etwa das Aufhängen von Transparenten an Gebäuden), die meisten online. Eine der wirkungsvollsten Aktionen war das Radio Non Una Di Meno, das sowohl über [Stream](https://archive.org/details/@non_una_di_meno_-_milano) als auch über UKW in Zusammenarbeit mit [lokalen Radiosendern](https://www.radiocittafujiko.it/la-marea-in-onda-lo-sciopero-transfemminista-alla-radio/) ausgestrahlt wurde.
|
||||
Das Webradio kann in Zeiten der häuslichen Isolation ein kraftvolles Instrument zur Organisation und zum Knüpfen von Kontakten sein. Hier sind einige Ressourcen, die darüber informieren, wie man eines initieren kann:
|
||||
|
||||
## Tools & Anleitungen zum Aufbau eines Webradios
|
||||
|
||||
- [Allgemeines zum Erstellen eines Internet Radios](http://www.mpx.net/info/radio.html)
|
||||
- [How To Create Your Own Internet Radio Station](https://mixxx.org/) (ENG)
|
||||
- [Open source radio system delivers emergency alerts and music to the Yukon and beyond. Learn how these stations run as a centrally managed network using Open Broadcaster](https://opensource.com/article/19/11/open-source-broadcasting) (ENG)
|
||||
- [How to Radio Stream by Radio Bitume](https://wiki.unit.abbiamoundominio.org/RadioBitume) (ITA)
|
||||
- [Mixxx App](https://mixxx.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
## Web-Radio-Experimente
|
||||
|
||||
- [Radio Virus](http://www.radiovirus.org)
|
||||
- [NUDM Milano - Radio Archive 2020](https://archive.org/details/@non_una_di_meno_-_milano)
|
||||
- [Radio Cia Manzoni](http://www.shareradio.it/radio-cia-manzoni-la-lezione-si-alla-radio/)
|
||||
- [In diretta per le amiche](http://www.shareradio.it/diretta-le-amiche-gli-amici-quarta/)
|
||||
- [Radio Womat](https://wombat.noblogs.org/)
|
||||
- [Radio Quarantena](https://www.spreaker.com/show/radioquarantena)
|
||||
- [Radio Dyne](http://radio.dyne.org/trasformatorio.m3u?fbclid=IwAR0qFqdqCDnnmtjFvslpvRCcWB_jI8ngQRD6qsrfFG2C44DAJl5GCUlaeo8)
|
||||
- [Radio Quartiere](https://radioquartiere.online/)
|
||||
- [Radio No Border](https://radionoborder.net/?lang=en)
|
||||
- [LOCo19](https://lost.abbiamoundominio.org/2020/loco19radio.html)
|
||||
|
||||
## Oldies but goldies
|
||||
|
||||
- [Radioooo](http://radiooooo.com/)
|
||||
- [Radio Garden](http://radio.garden/search)
|
||||
- [Radio Aporee](https://aporee.org/maps/work/user.php?u=308)
|
||||
- [Shirley & Spinoza Radio](http://compound-eye.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Balkon-Treffen
|
||||
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- [Aplausos en toda España para agradecer al personal sanitario su titánico esfuerzo](https://www.elperiodico.com/es/sociedad/20200314/coronavirus-aplausos-vecinos-personal-medico-7890204)
|
||||
- [L'applauso dai balconi di tutta Italia per medici e infermieri](https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2020-03-14/coronavirus-applausi-balconi-mezzogiorno-7519424/)
|
||||
|
||||
Am 14. März, um die Mittagszeit, brach in vielen Städten Italiens ein langer Applaus aus den Fenstern und Balkonen aus. Die Initiative, die in sozialen Netzwerken und Nachbarschaftsgesprächen verbreitet wurde, war eine Gelegenheit, in sicherer Entfernung all jenen zu danken, die in diesen für das Land schwierigen Tagen an vorderster Front stehen: Ärzt_innen, Krankenpflegende, Fachleute, aber auch all jene Arbeitenden, die gerne zu Hause bleiben würden, aber nicht können, weil Arbeitgebende sich weigern, die Produktion einzustellen.
|
||||
Am selben Tag haben sich auch in Spanien Millionen von Menschen entschlossen, dem Gesundheitspersonal für die enormen Anstrengungen zu danken, die es in diesen Tagen unternimmt, um die Ausbreitung des Coronavirus zu stoppen. Um 22:00 Uhr, kurz nachdem der Premierminister, Pedro Sánchez, seinen öffentlichen Auftritt beendet hatte, öffneten die Bewohner vieler spanischer Städte wie Barcelona, Madrid, Oviedo und Benidorm die Fenster ihrer Häuser und begannen mit Kraft und Freude zu applaudieren, um dem Gesundheitspersonal und allen Reinigungskräften zu danken, die wie verrückt arbeiten, um dem COVID-19 gegenüberzutreten. In einigen Wohnvierteln Madrids, wie z.B. in Montecarmelo, wo viele Familien mit Kindern leben, wurde der Allaus auf 21:00 Uhr vorverschoben, damit auch die Kleinen teilnehmen konnten.
|
||||
|
||||
In ganz Italien werden immer wieder und zu verschiedenen Tageszeiten ähnliche Flash-Mobs aus der Ferne, wie sie genannt wurden, mit Live-Musikkonzerten, DJ-Sets und improvisierten Auftritten organisiert, um die Isolation zu lindern. Ähnliches ist auch in Argentinien, der Schweiz und in UK bekannt.
|
||||
|
||||
Um gegen die Politik des Nichtstuns von Jair Bolsonaro zu protestieren, wird auf brasilianischen Balkonen abends mit Töpfen und Topfdeckeln Lärm geschlagen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
"Klatschen ist schon recht, eine rührende symbolische Geste des Danks und so. Lassen wir uns einfach nicht zu sehr einlullen von der eigenen Gerührtheit. Denn uns ist hoffentlich schon klar, dass auf dieses Klatschen Taten folgen müssen: harte Lohnverhandlungen, radikale Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen, Systemwandel. Frau Sommaruga soll sich wundern, wie der wirkliche Ruck ausschaut, der dann durchs Land geht."
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [Ein Ruck durchs Land](https://www.woz.ch/2013/im-affekt/ein-ruck-durchs-land)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Quarantäne-Küche
|
||||
|
||||
*Von Ajam Media Collective*
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [Quarantine Kitchen: Iranians share recipes, flavors, and joy despite the threat of coronavirus](https://ajammc.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
Teheran befindet sich seit Wochen in einem halb-quarantäneartigen Zustand. Millionen von Menschen haben es vermieden, das Haus zu verlassen, aus Angst vor der Verbreitung des Coronavirus. Schulen, Universitäten, Theater und Sporthallen wurden geschlossen. Auf öffentlichen Plätzen herrscht zunehmend Stille. Die Angst wird durch die US-Sanktionen gegen den Iran noch verstärkt: diese Massnahmen haben zu einem Mangel an grundlegenden Medikamenten und Sanitätsprodukten geführt. Unter Quarantäne gestellt, begannen Iraner_innen „gemeinsam“ zu kochen – sie teilen Rezepte, sie experimentieren mit neuen und alten Gewürzen und Ideen, sie finden Freude an Aromen und am Mischen und Entdecken von Zutaten. Die Geschichten dieser Menschen haben Golrokh Nafisi, eine in Teheran lebendende Künstlerin, inspiriert. Ihre serielle Arbeit heisst "Quarantäne-Küche". Nafisi zeichnet Porträts von Freund_innen, die neue Rezepte vorbereiten. Sie arbeitet nach mündlichen Berichten ihrer Freund_innen, die ihr von ihren Koch-Experimenten unter Quarantäne erzählten. Die Porträt-Serie ist im Wachsen begriffen: Nafisi bittet alle, die ihre Geschichten mit ihr teilen möchten, sich mit ihr in Verbindung setzen, damit sie sie zeichen kann.
|
||||
|
||||
# Cloud Raves
|
||||
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- [Clubbers in China are going to 'cloud raves' on TikTok because Coronavirus quarantines mean they can't party for real — here's what CloudRaves are like](https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-quarantine-cloud-raves-china-photos-2020-2)
|
||||
- [Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
|
||||
> "Während Millionen von Chines_innen während des Coronavirus-Ausbruchs zu Hause festsitzen, halten Nachtclubs im ganzen Land sie mit Online-Cloud-Raves bei Laune. Tänzer_innen finden sich auf Videoplattformen wie Douyin, Chinas Version von TikTok, ein und nehmen virtuell an den Raves teil. Einige DJs und Clubs streamen live auf Kuaishou, einer weiteren beliebten chinesischen Videoplattform. Und so funktioniert es: Die DJs filmen ihren Gig entweder von einem Veranstaltungsort oder von ihren Studios und Wohnungen aus und übertragen ihn dann per Livestream auf Douyin. Während einige DJs live auftreten, zeichnen andere ihre Auftritte vorweg auf und übertragen sie später auf Douyins Livestream. Während Cloud-Konzerten wurden für die Zuschauer bearbeitete Versionen vergangener Auftritte von Bands gezeigt. Der Reiz solcher Anlässe liegt im Wissen, dass die Leute die Konzerte gemeinsam – wenn auch physisch voneinander getrennt – verfolgen und ihre Gedanken durch Kommentare in Echtzeit teilen. Da die Sets nicht aufgenommen werden, heisst verpasst, verpasst. Menschen, die unter Quarantäne stehen oder sich vorwiegend zuhause aufhalten, haben eine breite Auswahl zur Verfügung. Einige Raver haben sogar Videos von sich selbst gepostet, wie sie zu Hause zur Musik tanzen. Diese live-gestreamten Cloud-Raves sind äußerst erfolgreich, einige davon hatten Millionen von Zuschauenden. Laut der Platform Vice nahmen fast 2,3 Millionen Menschen den Cloud-Rave des Pekinger Clubs Sir Teen am 10. Februar teil. Mehr als 100.000 Zuschauer schalteten sich innerhalb der ersten 30 Minuten zu."
|
||||
|
||||
> "Cloud-Clubbing ist auch verdammt lukrativ. Am 9. Februar erhielt ein Live-Streaming des Nachtclubs OneThird fast 20 Millionen TikTok-Münzen von den Zuschauern, was über 1 Million RMB (143‘000 Dollar) entspricht. Eine weitere Veranstaltung am Valentinstag zog 4 Millionen Online-Zuschauer an. Der Verdienst von 570‘000 RMB (81‘500 Dollar) wurde medizinischem Personal gespendet, das an vorderster Front gegen das Coronavirus kämpft."
|
||||
|
||||
## Cloud-Schlafen
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
|
||||
Ein weiteres Phänomen ist das "Cloud-Schlafen".
|
||||
|
||||
> "Ein Live-Streamer mit dem moniker SheiJiaDeYuanSan wurde von über 18 Millionen Menschen in seinem 12-stündigen Schlaf beobachtet. Warum diese Nachfrage nach einem Mann, der ein ziemlich langes Nickerchen macht? Es gibt keine Antworten, zumindest noch nicht. Auch SheiJiaDeYuanSan ist von seinem über Nacht erlangten Ruhm verwirrt. Er erzählte ChinaZ.com, dass es ihm, trotz seiner plötzlichen Popularität und der Einnahmen aus seinem Cloud-Schlaf, jetzt genüge. Bereits um 17:00 begannen follower ihm zu drohen, ihn zu un-followen, falls er nicht sofort einschlafe."
|
||||
|
||||
# Virtuelle Aperitifs
|
||||
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- [Arriva il weekend in isolamento: tutti pronti per l'aperitivo virtuale](https://it.mashable.com/coronavirus/2364/arriva-il-weekend-in-isolamento-tutti-pronti-per-laperitivo-virtuale)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus, aperitivi e cene virtuali: le app per ritrovarsi vicini ma lontani](https://www.corriere.it/moda/20_marzo_14/coronavirus-aperitivi-cene-virtuali-app-ritrovarsi-vicini-ma-lontani-e0147d82-65ff-11ea-a287-bbde7409af03.shtml)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In Italien, wo der Aperitif ein etabliertes soziales Ritual ist, testen Freundeskreise, aber auch Bars und Pubs, neue Formen der Geselligkeit: Sie organisieren virtuelle Zusammenkünfte über Videokonferenz-Apps wie HouseParty oder Zoom. In Varese veranstaltete ein Cafè einen I-peritivo live auf Instagram. Die Teilnehmenden wurden gebeten, statt ihre Drinks zu bezahlen, dem örtlichen Krankenhaus eine Spende zu überweisen.
|
||||
|
||||
Da viele kommerzielle Videokonferenz-Plattformen erst nach Erreichen einer bestimmten Anzahl von Benutzern Gebühren erheben, entdecken die Leute Wege, um solche Einschränkungen zu umgehen. Zum Beispiel durch die Verbindung mit vier Freund_innen über WhatsApp (grössere Gruppen erlaubt die App nicht) und gleichzeitig mit zwei weiteren Personen über Skype. Die gratis Testanwendung von Zoom lässt Gruppen unbeschränkter Grösse für eine Zeitdauer von 40 Minuten zu. Nach 40 Minuten wird aufgelegt und ein neuer Call gestartet. Und über das open source-Tool jit.si lässt sich dies auch ohne persönliche Registrierung und verbesserter Features mit Blick auf die Einhaltung von Datenschutz und Privatsphäre realisieren, die bei Zoom eher nachgelagert erscheinen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# QuarantineChat
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [QuaratineChat](https://quarantinechat.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
QuarantineChat wurde von den Künstler_innen Danielle Baskin und Max Hawkins geschaffen.
|
||||
|
||||
Sobald du dich anmeldest, erhältst du ein Abonnement für regelmäßige Anrufe, die auf dem Display jeweils als "QuarantineChat" gekennzeichnet sind. Nach einem kurzen Moment in der Warteschleife wirst du, per Zufallsmechanismus, mit einer anderen Person verbunden. Du musst nicht abheben, wenn du beschäftigt bist - deine Gesprächspartner_in wird automatisch mit einer anderen Person zusammengeführt. Du kannst dich jederzeit in den Dienst einwählen und die Leitung wann immer du möchtest verlassen. Der Service ist privat. Du benutzt deine Telefonnummer, um dich anzumelden, aber wer sich bei dir meldet, sieht immer nur deinen Benutzernamen. Alle Anrufe werden von Anfang bis Ende verschlüsselt.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# weiterführende Links / Resourcen
|
||||
|
||||
- [My Darling Quarantine Short Film Festival, programmed by the international short film community](https://talkingshorts.com/festivals/my-darling-quarantine-short-film-festival?fbclid=IwAR1muJ6ubeX8-LdHakJuQmYWlhOqCiBu7FUu1Xbp7VBSlloakIdbKL8EZds)
|
||||
- [Quarantine Film Club](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lPsmseCoLdW5V1VSe9pq9DDuBhVQ10LObOb3I_zUUYU/edit?fbclid=IwAR0CFbRvGnVWSytYeC0oGnnjJ3LmC0FzLUF9W6xw6ibGkoDLcKruI4nIZH8#gid=585095018)
|
||||
- [Il cinema è vivo, viva il cinema: come andare oltre Netflix e la pirateria (ITA)](https://www.che-fare.com/cinema-piattaforma-streaming/?fbclid=IwAR2xRm84HQCus4hrxFvVjGSai_MYO0hso9ob3t9_1jp5DnKmZohCSkY0rQs)
|
||||
- [Capital in a Time of Corona - a Marxist online Reading Group](https://discordapp.com/channels/687663296484343828/689509291895685162)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Der Coronavirus und die planetarische Krise der Umwelt"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*There is a version of this document in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Ökologische Wurzeln der Pandemie
|
||||
|
||||
Wie der Epidemiologe Dennis Carroll beschreibt, zeigt die laufende Forschung der EcoHealth Alliance, einer Organisation zum Schutz der Tierwelt und der öffentlichen Gesundheit vor dem Auftreten von Krankheiten[^1], dass in den letzten vier Jahrzehnten ein zwei- bis dreifacher Anstieg der zoonotischen Sprünge der Viren vom Tier auf den Menschen zu verzeichnen war.[^2] Die erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit von Epidemien wie dem Coronavirus ist einerseits eine Folge der raschen Ausdehnung der industriellen Landwirtschaft und des industriellen Ackerbaus auf Wildtierhabitate. Andererseits hat sie mit einem zunehmenden Einbezug wild lebender Arten in kapitalistische Warenketten zu tun.[^3] Es sind die Zonen an der Schnittstelle von zurückgedrängten Wildtiergebieten und der vordringenden Landwirtschaft, die zoonotische Sprünge von Wildtieren auf Nutztiere befördern (wobei Flughunde einen besonderen Beitrag leisten).[^4] Von diesen Zonen aus verbreiten sich die Viren auf die menschliche Bevölkerung. Die Übertragung von Viren von industriell gezüchteten Tieren wie Schweinen, Geflügel und Dromedaren zum Menschen waren die Ursache für Vogelgrippe, Schweinegrippe, SARS, MERS, H5N2- und H5Nx-Grippeepidemien.
|
||||
|
||||
Geschädigte Ökosysteme, deren Komplexität zugunsten industrieller Landwirtschaft und Monokulturen reduziert wurde, haben eine geringere inhärente Fähigkeit, die Ausbreitung von Epidemien unter den wildlebenden Arten zu verhindern. Daher wird erwartet, dass die planetarische ökologische Destabilisierung – eine Kombination aus Klimawandel, Landnutzungsänderung und biochemischen Rissen – zunehmend neue Krankheitserreger hervorbringen wird. Das Stockholmer Resilienz-Institut hat als Indikatoren für diese Destabilisierung unter anderem neuartige Entitäten vorgeschlagen. Zu ihnen gehören etwa: vom Menschen hergestellte, nicht lebende Materialien und Lebewesen wie synthetische Schadstoffe, radioaktive Materialien, Nanomaterialien, Mikrokunststoffe oder genetisch veränderte Organismen. In diese Kategorie lassen sich auch die mutagenen Viren einschließen, die aus den durch die industrielle Landwirtschaft geschaffenen Bedingungen entstehen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Umweltfolgen der Pandemie
|
||||
|
||||
In den ersten Tagen der Abschottung von Hubei machten Satellitenbilder der NASA die Runde. Sie deuteten darauf hin, dass die Einstellung der industriellen Produktion und die Reduzierung des Verkehrs sowohl die Luftverschmutzung radikal reduziert wurde. Als eine mögliche Folge dieser Entwicklung wurde die Rettung von bis zu 77'000 Menschenleben genannt.[^5] Große norditalienische Städte wie Mailand, die für ihre schlechte Luftqualität berüchtigt sind, haben ebenfalls einen radikalen Rückgang der Verschmutzung erlebt.[^6] Nach der ersten (nur scheinbar völlig irrationalen) Entscheidung der Fluggesellschaften, ihre Flugfrequenzen auch ohne Passagiere hoch zu halten, bleiben nun ganze Verkehrsflugzeugsflotten am Boden. Die Luftverschmutzung, die durch die Verkehrsluftfahrt entsteht, ist die weltweite Ursache für 16'000 (vermeidbare) Todesfälle jährlich.[^7] Die Verlangsamung der wirtschaftlichen Aktivität während des Ausbruchs wird sich zwangsläufig auch auf die Senkung der globalen Treibhausgasemissionen auswirken. Und die geringere Luftverschmutzung führt zu einer besseren Genesung von Corona-Fällen.
|
||||
|
||||
Die Verringerung der Verschmutzung und der Emissionen, die aus dem Zusammenbruch und nicht aus einem politisch getriebenen und partizipatorischen Prozess resultiert, ist jedoch nichts, was bejubelt werden sollte. Das Abwägen der relativen Zahl von Toten ist ein verkappter Malthusianismus.[^8] Wenn die Welt sich von der Krise erholt hat, werden die umweltschädlichen Muster des kapitalistischen Produktionssystems ungebremst zurückkommen. Darunter werden verwundbare Gemeinschaften leiden müssen. Tatsächlich liefern sich Saudi-Arabien und Russland bereits einen Preiskrieg, indem sie immer mehr billiges Öl auf den Weltmarkt bringen. Die Angebotsmenge übersteigt bei weitem das, was unter den Bedingungen der reduzierten Nachfrage derzeit benötigt wird. Sobald sich der COVID-19-Ausbruch verlangsamt, könnte die Welt mit billigem Öl überschwemmt werden. Dies würde die Emissionsreduzierung während des Pandemie-Ausbruchs sehr bald wieder zunichtemachen. Um es kurz zu machen: ein nachhaltiges und gerechtes Leben für alle verlangt nach Politik und nicht nach einem Zusammenbruch.
|
||||
|
||||
# Lehren für die Umwelt, die aus der Pandemie gezogen werden können
|
||||
|
||||
Die Krise schafft auch die Möglichkeit zu überdenken, wie unsere Produktions- und Konsumsysteme organisiert sind und wofür. Radikale Forderungen nach einem koordinierten Management der sozialen Anpassung; massive Anstrengungen zur Rettung von Menschenleben; die kollektive Bereitschaft, die Organisation unseres Lebens zu ändern; eine radikale Umverteilung und die Bereitwilligkeit, die Unsicherheit angesichts der Tragödie zu akzeptieren, scheinen überraschend möglich. Die TINA-Doktrin scheint plötzlich, wenn auch nur für einen Moment, auf einen lächerlichen historischen Fetisch einer Gruppe von Soziopath_innen reduziert zu sein: Sie haben von der Selbstgefälligkeit einer ausgedehnten Friedensperiode und dem wachsenden Wohlstand profitiert, um sich mit ihrer Klasse willentlich einem sozialen Experiment hinzugeben. Einem Experiment, bei dem das Leben von Menschen unter die Räder der Wiederherstellung von Profiten geworfen wird.
|
||||
|
||||
Aus der gegenwärtigen Pandemie haben wir bereits einige wertvolle Lehren für den ökologischen Übergang ziehen können:
|
||||
|
||||
- Langfristig hat das Leben Vorrang vor der kurzsichtigen Wirtschaft.
|
||||
- Reaktionen auf massive Bedrohungen von Menschenleben können nur sozial geplant und gehandhabt werden.
|
||||
- Ein Mangel an globaler Zusammenarbeit kann die Bedrohung noch verstärken (kann aber zum Bumerang werden, wie die Trump-Administration oder die EU jetzt herausfinden).
|
||||
- Ein wichtiger Pfeiler der Bedrohungsbewältigung ist die Rücknahme der Kontrolle über privatisierte Sozialdienste und Infrastruktur.
|
||||
- Unternehmen können dazu gedrängt werden, sich dem von der Regierung auferlegten Management zu unterwerfen, wenn ihr Geschäftsmodell nicht mehr tragfähig ist, und sie können dazu gezwungen werden, für soziale Bedürfnisse zu produzieren.
|
||||
- Die Steuerpolitik ist ein wesentliches Instrument zur Steuerung der sozialen Anpassung.
|
||||
- Die Versorgung mit Wohnraum, Nahrung und Gesundheit kann sozialisiert werden.
|
||||
- In kritischen Momenten erweist sich die Arbeit der sozialen Reproduktion, die ansonsten im Hintergrund steht, unsichtbar gemacht wird und als wirtschaftlich zweitrangig gegenüber der Produktion ersetzbarer Dinge angesehen wird, als wesentlich und am wertvollsten für die Gesellschaften.
|
||||
- Die Menschen sind bereit, massenhaft zu dieser Arbeit der sozialen Reproduktion beizutragen.
|
||||
- Muster des täglichen Lebens können sich angesichts einer massiven Bedrohung über Nacht radikal ändern und von der Bevölkerung angenommen werden.
|
||||
- Entscheidend für eine radikale Veränderung ist es, wie die nun mobilisierte menschliche Fähigkeit zu sozial sinnvoller Arbeit und geselliger Freizeit organisiert werden kann.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Es gibt offensichtliche Parallelen zwischen der globalen ökologischen Destabilisierung und der Coronavirus-Pandemie. Beides sind scheinbar unsichtbare Prozesse – mehr Behauptungen von Wissenschaftlern als gelebte Realität – bis sie durch den Verlust von Menschenleben und den Zusammenbruch bisher unveränderlich scheinender Lebensweisen schmerzlich empfunden werden. Doch die globale Umweltdestabilisierung ist geographisch und zeitlich sehr ungleichmäßig verteilt. Die Wohlhabenden werden zunächst mehrheitlich in der Lage sein, die unmittelbare Bedrohung begrenzen, während die Armen der südlichen Hemisphäre bereits jetzt unter den Effekten leiden. Aber zu gegebener Zeit wird niemand der rasanten Destabilisierung der planetarischen Ökosysteme entgehen. Der Zeitrahmen für die Maßnahmen wird nicht in Wochen, sondern in Jahren und Jahrzehnten gemessen.
|
||||
|
||||
Mit der Wende in der sozioökonomischen Doktrin und dem neu erwachten Sinn für das Mögliche können wir die aktuelle Situation als Chance betrachten, um die Bedingungen der politischen Debatte angesichts langfristiger Bedrohungen neu zu bestimmen und kollektive Maßnahmen zu organisieren. Dies, um auf eine gerechte und nachhaltige Zukunft zu drängen, die Leben und Ökosysteme retten kann. Was jetzt geschieht, ist eine drastische Abweichung vom politischen Status quo, die zeigt, dass Menschenleben wichtiger sind als kapitalistische Akkumulation. Wenn die Menschen die Krise verstehen können, die sich in einem plötzlichen Anstieg der Virusausbreitung niederschlägt, dann sollten wir jetzt mehr denn je in der Lage sein, uns die Krise vorzustellen, die durch die langsame und noch tödlichere ökologische Destabilisierung ausgelöst wurde. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass eine radikale, sozial gesteuerte Transformation möglich ist. Sie muss jedoch dringend stattfinden. Und sie muss auf der Basis der sozioökonomischen Schwierigkeiten geschehen, die die Pandemie hinterlassen wird.
|
||||
|
||||
# Weiterführende Ressourcen
|
||||
**Texte, auf die in dieser Session verwiesen wird, werden in den Fussnoten geführt.**
|
||||
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace, Rodrick Wallace (eds.): "Neoliberal Ebola: Modeling Disease Emergence from Finance to Forest and Farm"](http://93.174.95.29/_ads/8D07B63757F066F0203EE0F4A68B18DD)
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
- [What would happen if the world reacted to climate change like it’s reacting to the coronavirus?](https://www.fastcompany.com/90473758/what-would-happen-if-the-world-reacted-to-climate-change-like-its-reacting-to-the-coronavirus?fbclid=IwAR3GF--L8EW5IqGFCH4p6RQqZ2ylLGKw7x7iAPXwg1kbMuu5mp6_LUk2Z1o)
|
||||
- [Can Capitalist Reform Save The Environment?](http://www.leftcom.org/en/articles/2020-02-24/can-capitalist-reform-save-the-environment?fbclid=IwAR0RiK8pOb46Ea0bHIKTZki-JxOjhNjahEiJivUnqxHMTVXOcMGPs_BS7Lc)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Fussnoten
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: [EcoHealth Alliance's Publication](https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/publications)
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: ["The Man Who Saw the Pandemic Coming"](http://nautil.us/issue/83/intelligence/the-man-who-saw-the-pandemic-coming)
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: [Robert G. Wallace: "Coronavirus: »Agribusiness would risk millions of deaths.«"](https://www.marx21.de/coronavirus-agribusiness-would-risk-millions-of-deaths/), [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
|
||||
[^4]: [Jim Robbins: "The Ecology of Disease"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/sunday-review/the-ecology-of-disease.html),
|
||||
|
||||
[^5]: ["Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2020/03/16/coronavirus-lockdown-may-have-saved-77000-lives-in-china-just-from-pollution-reduction/)
|
||||
|
||||
[^6]: ["Coronavirus Causes Decline in Air Pollution Across Northern Italy"](https://www.greenmatters.com/p/italy-air-pollution-coronavirus)
|
||||
|
||||
[^7]: ["Aircraft emissions ‘responsible for 16,000 deaths per year’""](https://airqualitynews.com/2015/07/27/aircraft-emissions-responsible-for-16000-deaths-per-year/)
|
||||
|
||||
[^8]: [Eric Holthaus: "No, the coronavirus is not good for the climate"](https://thecorrespondent.com/330/no-the-coronavirus-is-not-good-for-the-climate/43687590870-ae5ff40e)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Behinderung und chronische Krankeit während der Pandemie"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*This document is also available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Eine Geschichte des Kampfes gegen die Verfügbarkeit von behinderten Menschen
|
||||
Uns Menschen mit Behinderungen oder chronischen Krankheiten wird seit langem und immer wieder die Versorgung verweigert. Egal, wo wir uns befinden, wir haben mit den Defiziten bei der medizinischen Behandlung, in der Anpassung der bebauten Umgebung, beim Zugang zu unterstützenden Technologien, in der persönlichen Betreuung und vielen anderen unerfüllten Anforderungen kämpfen. Gleichzeitig sind wir damit konfrontiert, dass uns Pflegeleistungen auferlegt werden. Wir müssen unsere Autonomie entgegen der familiären Überfürsorge, der erzwungenen Institutionalisierung und trotz der Segregation in spezialisierten Einrichtungen erkämpfen. Seit langem organisieren sich unsere Gemeinschaften und kämpfen darum, die doppelte - objektive und subjektive - Behinderung zu überwinden.
|
||||
|
||||
## Sozialmodell der Behinderten- und Behindertenrechtsbewegung
|
||||
Eine kritische Periode in der Geschichte der Behinderten- und Behindertenrechtsbewegung waren die 60er und 70er Jahre. Damals begann die Bewegung für die Rechte von Behinderten, Kritik am damals dominierenden medizinischen Modell, nach dem Behinderung definiert und klassifiziert wurde, zu üben. Das medizinische Modell[^1], das das frühere eugenische Modell ersetzte, sah Behinderung in erster Linie als ein individuelles Leiden an, das durch medizinische Intervention behandelt und durch spezialisierte Institutionen sozialisiert werden musste. Das medizinische Modell war insofern reduzierend, da es das individuelle Leiden nicht in seinem sozialen Kontext verstand. Damit wurde die Ausgrenzung unserer Gemeinschaften in den meisten Aspekten des sozialen Lebens aufrechterhalten.
|
||||
|
||||
Aus der Kritik am medizinischen Modell ging ein integratives, soziales Modell der Behinderung hervor[^2]: Es berücksichtigt physische, sensorische, kognitive oder psychische Beeinträchtigungen so, wie sie in der sozialen Welt der physischen Barrieren, der Vorurteile, der Unsichtbarkeit und der fähigkeitspriorisierenden Arbeitssphäre in Erscheinung treten. Institutionelle, kulturelle und umweltbezogene Faktoren, die sich an nicht-behinderten Normkörpern orientieren, wirken zusammen und schränken Menschen mit Behinderungen bei der Verwirklichung ihrer Fähigkeiten und Bestrebungen ein. Nach dem integrativen und sozialen Modell sind es diese Prozesse der sozialen Behinderung – und nicht die Beeinträchtigung selbst – die Behinderung definieren.
|
||||
Von diesem erweiterten Verständnis von Behinderung ausgehend leitete die Behindertenrechtsbewegung in den 1970er Jahren einen Zyklus von Protesten, Kampagnen und anderen Aktionen ein. Sie wurde dabei von grösseren Initiativen wie der zivilgesellschaftlich organisierten Justizbewegung und der Arbeiterbewegung inspiriert und unterstützt. In Frage gestellt wurde etwa die Macht wirtschaftlicher Interessen und paternalistischer Institutionen bei der strukturellen Ausgrenzung von Behinderten, eine bedingungslose Anerkennung der Rechte von Behinderten und die Schaffung inklusiver institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen wurden verlangt. Menschen mit Behinderungen, so die Forderung, hätten das Recht, individuell und kollektiv ihre eigenen Bedürfnisse zu definieren und Anspruch auf ein unabhängiges Leben.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Radikales Modell der Behinderung und Kontinuität des Kampfes
|
||||
|
||||
Während Verfechter_innen des sozialen Modells anfangs die strukturelle Ausgrenzung im Allgemeinen und die ihr zugrundeliegenden Machtverhältnisse betonten, wurde der Fokus im Zuge der dahingehend erzielten Erfolge in den kommenden zwei Jahrzehnten zunehmend auf Behinderung (als ein von anderen Formen struktureller Ausgrenzung und Unterdrückung isoliertes Phänomen) gelegt. Die strukturellen Verflechtungen, die weiterhin nicht nur das Leben vieler Menschen mit Behinderungen, die Pflege und Unterstützung benötigten, sondern – in ganz unterschiedlichen Formen – auch jenes der gesamten erwerbsfähigen Bevölkerung bestimmten, wurden weitgehend ignoriert. Aufgrund dieser Unzulänglichkeiten des sozialen Modells entstand in den 1990er Jahren das radikale Modell der Behinderung. Es beruht auf dem Verständnis von Behinderung als nur einer von vielen verschiedenen Formen des Seins, und stellt die positive Identifikation und die Selbstbefähigung aller jener in den Vordergrund, die in einer von Normen geprägten Gesellschaft als queer, verkrüppelt und verrückt intersektional diskriminiert werden.
|
||||
|
||||
Wie dem auch sei, die Verwirklichung der Rechte von Behinderten, die im Rahmen des sozialen Modells formuliert wurden, bleiben auch in progressiven und wohlhabenden Kontexten eine Herausforderung. Letztendlich hing sie immer auch von unserer eigenen Fähigkeit ab, unser Leben in und mit der Abhängigkeit zu organisieren und uns gegen Diskriminierung, Bevormundung und Vernachlässigung zu mobilisieren. Und dies wird auch weiterhin der Fall sein. Das schmerzliche Bewusstsein, dass nichts erreicht werden kann, das uns nicht wieder weggenommen werden könnte, ist in unserem Slogan verankert, der auch als Warnung dient: " Nothing About Us Without Us!“.
|
||||
|
||||
Nach deiner langen Zeit des Kampfes und der Mobilisierung sollte insbesondere den Gesundheitsbehörden und politischen Entscheidungsträger_innen klar sein, dass wir – die Gemeinschaft der Behinderten und verbündete Gemeinschaften von Menschen mit chronischen Krankheiten, Adipositas oder Menschen mit durch Ausbeutung, Armut oder Arbeitslosigkeit geschädigten Körpern – nicht stillsitzen werden, während andere in der gegenwärtigen Pandemie für uns Entscheidungen treffen.
|
||||
|
||||
# Die Pandemie und die Bedrohung unserer Leben
|
||||
Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation[^3] schätzt, dass etwa 15% der Weltbevölkerung mit irgendeiner Form von Behinderung lebt. Viele dieser Menschen sind zusätzlich von sekundären Erkrankungen, Komorbiditäten, früherem Altern und vorzeitigem Tod betroffen. Diese Leiden werden durch unzureichende medizinische Versorgung, mangelnden sozialen Schutz, Arbeitslosigkeit, Armut und soziale Isolation noch verstärkt.
|
||||
|
||||
All diese Faktoren werden zu zusätzlichen Risikofaktoren in Epidemie-Situationen. Dies weil diese sozialen Determinanten der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit die Voraussetzungen für eine schnellere Übertragung und eine höhere Morbidität und Mortalität schaffen.[^4] Mit dem Ausbruch der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie, bei der Morbidität und Mortalität bei Menschen mit Grunderkrankungen besonders hoch sind, sind Menschen mit Behinderungen oder chronischen Krankheiten zur Zeit in einer Situation extremer Verwundbarkeit. Wir sollten es vermeiden, uns anzustecken.
|
||||
|
||||
Diese Verwundbarkeit kann durch Massnahmen des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens und politische Entscheidungen auf verschiedene Weise noch verstärkt werden:
|
||||
|
||||
## Die Unsichtbarkeit behinderter Menschen in den Richtlinien des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens
|
||||
|
||||
Oft werden in den Maßnahmen, Protokollen und Mitteilungen des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens werden die spezifischen Bedürfnisse von Menschen mit Behinderungen oder chronischen Krankheiten nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt.[^5] In einer Situation erheblicher Lebensgefahr werden wir wieder irrelevant und unsichtbar gemacht.
|
||||
|
||||
So werden wir in den Richtlinien öffentlicher Gesundheitsdienste typischerweise alle als "andere Risikogruppen" in einen Topf geworfen. Während die Behinderung und die chronische Krankheit oft mit der Aussicht auf eine eingeschränkte Mobilität und ein weitgehend auf das häusliche Leben beschränktes Leben einhergehen, sind viele von uns auf regelmäßige berufliche oder familiäre Unterstützung angewiesen. Deshalb können wir nicht einfach Distanz wahren und uns isolieren, wie es empfohlen wird. Da Pflegekräfte durch niedrige Löhne und prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse oft dazu gezwungen sind, mehr als eine Person unterstützen und in mehr als einer Einrichtung arbeiten, sind sie selbst dem Risiko ausgesetzt, sich anzustecken und die Infektion auf uns zu übertragen.
|
||||
|
||||
**Deshalb braucht es Protokolle, Beratung, Nachrichten und Hotlines im Bereich des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens, die speziell darauf abzielen, das Infektionsrisiko für Menschen mit Behinderungen und jenen die sie unterstützen zu verringern. Außerdem müssen Maßnahmen zum sozialen Schutz eingeführt werden: Etwa um zusätzliche Unterstützungskräfte zu mobilisieren und zu gewährleisten, dass alle Unterstützenden - ob professionell oder nicht - während der Pandemie bezahlt werden und, im Falle einer Ansteckung, Krankengeld erhalten können.**[^6]
|
||||
|
||||
Darüber hinaus wird das Gefühl, dass Behinderung und chronische Krankheit durch inadäquate öffentliche Gesundheitsmaßnahmen und eine unzulängliche Berichterstattung kontinuierlich unsichtbar gemacht werden, zur Zeit noch verstärkt: Dies durch den Kontrast zwischen dem, was Gesellschaften bereit sind zu tun, um die spezifischen Bedürfnisse körperlich gesunder Menschen zu befriedigen, die momentan zu Hause leben und arbeiten und somit von der Arbeit anderer abhängig sind. Unter anderen Umständen, in Bezug auf unsere Leben, werden diese Bedürfnisse nicht gedeckt.
|
||||
|
||||
## Verfügbarkeit medizinischer Güter und medizinischer Behandlung
|
||||
|
||||
Menschen mit Behinderungen oder chronischen Krankheiten benötigen häufig Sauerstoffflaschen, Beatmungsgeräte und Schutzausrüstung wie Masken und Handschuhe. Derzeit sind diese jedoch knapp. **Wenn bei der Sicherung entsprechender Vorräte Menschen mit Behinderungen oder chronischen Krankheiten nicht zu den vorrangigen Empfänger_innen gehören, könnte dies die bestehenden Gesundheitszustände verschlimmern und die Anfälligkeit erhöhen.**
|
||||
|
||||
Auch die Verwundbarkeit derjenigen unter uns wird erhöht, die für medizinische Behandlungen wie Dialyse oder Akuttherapien Krankenhäuser aufsuchen müssen. **Die Krankenhäuser müssen in der Lage sein (und bleiben), diese Kapazitäten im Voraus zu planen und Vorkehrungen treffen, um die Risiken der Übertragung auf ambulante Patienten mit Behinderungen zu verringern.** Dies könnte schwierig werden, wenn die Kapazitäten der Krankenhäuser überbeansprucht sind.
|
||||
|
||||
Am meisten gefährdet sind jedoch diejenigen unter uns, die sich in Pflegeheimen oder Wohneinrichtungen befinden. Diese Einrichtungen sollten einer strengeren Aufsicht unterliegen und über adäquate Verfahren verfügen – insbesondere wenn sie privat geführt werden. Dies würde dabei helfen, Fälle von massiver Vernachlässigung und das Ausscheiden von Pflegepersonal zu vermeiden, wie es Berichten zufolge in einigen Pflegeheimen in Spanien geschehen ist.
|
||||
|
||||
## Depriorisierung und Triage
|
||||
|
||||
Da ein plötzlicher Anstieg des Bedarfs an Betten, Beatmungsgeräten oder medizinischem Personal das Gesundheitssystem zu überfordern droht, sind die Gesundheitsbehörden und Krankenhäuser gezwungen, Entscheidungen über die Zuweisung unzureichender Ressourcen an Patienten, die eine Intensivpflege benötigen, zu treffen. Prinzipiell werden jene, die aufgrund ihrer gesundheitlichen Grundkonstitution oder ihrer klinischen Aussichten geringere Heilungschancen haben, aus der Prioritätenliste gestrichen. Wie die erschütternde Situation in der Lombardei gezeigt hat, haben Ärzte keine andere Wahl, als bei der Triage zu entscheiden, wer ein Beatmungsgerät in Anspruch nehmen darf und wen sie sterben lassen sollen.[^7] Die Gefahr ist hier, dass Menschen mit Behinderungen oder chronischen Krankheiten implizit aus der Prioritätenliste gestrichen werden. In einigen US-Bundesstaaten wie Alabama und Tennessee wird in der Intensivpflege Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung oder spinalem Muskelschwund explizit die Priorität entzogen, da man davon ausgeht, dass ihr Leben weniger wert ist.[^8]
|
||||
|
||||
**Menschen mit Behinderungen oder chronischen Krankheiten werden doppelt de-priorisiert und es wird über sie verfügt: erstens wegen ihres größeren Bedarfs an medizinischer Versorgung und Behandlung, und zweitens – wenn es um die Intensivpflege geht – wegen ihrer gesundheitlichen Grundkonstitution.** Aus diesen Gründen hat die American Association of People with Disabilities einen Brief an den Kongress geschickt, in dem sie "ein gesetzliches Verbot der Rationierung knapper medizinischer Ressourcen auf der Grundlage des erwarteten oder nachgewiesenen ressourcenintensiven Bedarfs" fordert.[^9] Sollte dem Postulat nicht stattgegeben werden, setzt sich die Diskriminierung Behinderter durch jene die Maßnahmen, die eigentlich darauf abzielen, Leben zu retten, fort.
|
||||
|
||||
# "Nothing About Us Without Us!"
|
||||
|
||||
Während sich die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ausbreitet, mobilisieren und organisieren sich die Gemeinschaften der Behinderten und chronisch Kranken. Es ist ihnen bewusst, dass die Entscheidungsträger_innen und Institutionen ihre Verpflichtungen in Bezug auf Behindertenrechte schnell beginnen werden, zu vernachlässigen. Unsere Reaktion beschränkt sich nicht auf Maßnahmen von Regierungen und Institutionen. Wir tragen zu breiteren Solidaritätsnetzwerken bei, die kollektive Hilfe und gegenseitige Unterstützung organisieren und Menschen mit Behinderungen[^9], chronischen Krankheiten[^10] oder Krankheiten wie Adipositas[^11] beraten.
|
||||
|
||||
**Angesichts der gefährlichen Folgen der Vernachlässigung ist es unerlässlich, dass wir uns mobilisieren, um von den Gesundheitsbehörden zu fordern, dass sie uns in die Entscheidungsprozesse einbeziehen, die letztlich über unsere Überlebenschancen entscheiden werden.**
|
||||
|
||||
# References
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: [Understanding Disability](https://www.drakemusic.org/blog/hdekretser/understanding-disability/)
|
||||
[^2]: [Michael Oliver: "The Politics of Disablement"](http://93.174.95.29/main/493E4324668055CB648E0F8940F405C9)
|
||||
[^3]: [Disability and health](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health)
|
||||
[^4]: [Health Inequalities and Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Challenge for Global Health Security](https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bsp.2014.0032)
|
||||
[^5]: ['The Cripples Will Save You': A Critical Coronavirus Message from a Disability Activist](https://creakyjoints.org/living-with-arthritis/coronavirus-disability-activism/)
|
||||
[^6]: [People with a disability are more likely to die from coronavirus – but we can reduce this risk](https://theconversation.com/people-with-a-disability-are-more-likely-to-die-from-coronavirus-but-we-can-reduce-this-risk-134383)
|
||||
[^7]: [The Extraordinary Decisions Facing Italian Doctors](https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/who-gets-hospital-bed/607807/)
|
||||
[^8]: ['I Will Not Apologise for My Needs'](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/opinion/coronavirus-ventilators-triage-disability.html)
|
||||
[^9]: [COVID-19 Resources for the Disability Community](https://www.accessliving.org/our-services/covid-19-resources-for-the-disability-community/#collective-care-caregiving-and-organizing) and [COVID-19
|
||||
Disability Community Preparedness Resources (U.S. Based)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/18tfi-0I8rpdJJ9Ubci45HYsy8sdutDpZv_eO-pdZDFc/edit#)
|
||||
[^10]: [A Chronic Illness Patient's Guide to Coronavirus](https://awareness.creakyjoints.org/coronavirus/)
|
||||
[^11]: [Fat-Assed Prepper Survival Tips for Preparing for a Coronavirus Quarantine](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zz7EchIvq05wFDZ1EysJkGiMJTpzXxi998M2Ij2hYhg/edit?ts=5e69c961)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Geschichte(n) des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens"
|
||||
---
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*This document is also available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Geschichte(n) des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesen
|
||||
|
||||
Am 17. März 2020 hat das spanische Gesundheitsministerium angekündigt, dass die Regierung [alle privaten Krankenhäuser des Landes](https://publicservices.international/resources/news/spain-nationalises-all-private-hospitals-uk-rents-hospital-beds?id=10645&lang=en) auf unbestimmte Zeit unter staatliche Kontrolle stellt, um die Verbreitung von COVID-19-Infektionen zu bekämpfen. "Für die Dauer dieser Krise wird der Staat die Kontrolle über alle privaten Krankenhauseinrichtungen übernehmen und alle Ressourcen zum gemeinsamen Nutzen aller Menschen in Irland verwalten", [erklärte der irische Gesundheitsminister Simon Harris](https://www.thejournal.ie/private-hospitals-ireland-coronavirus-5056334-Mar2020/)am 24. März. In Großbritannien muss der NHS [8‘000 private Krankenhausbetten für 2‘400‘000 Pfund pro Tag mieten](https://metro.co.uk/2020/03/16/nhs-rent-8000-private-hospital-beds-2400000-per-day-12406301/). Der Sprecher des [südafrikanischen Gesundheitsministeriums](https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/no-plan-to-nationalise-private-hospitals-in-wake-of-coronavirus-45187424), Popo Maja, sagte in einem Interview mit dem Business Report, dass die Regierung wegen der Epidemie nicht die Verstaatlichung privater Krankenhäuser anstrebe.
|
||||
Auf der ganzen Welt zwingt die Covid-19-Pandemie die Regierungen dazu, sich die Frage nach der Gesundheitsversorgung als universelles Recht stellen. Als ein Recht, das durch allgemeine Steuern öffentlich finanziert werden und für alle verfügbar sein sollte.
|
||||
|
||||
In diesem Kontext stellt diese Session Geschichte(n) zusammen, die nachvollziehbar machen, wie nationale Gesundheitsdienste in verschiedenen Ländern – auch dank wichtiger sozialer Kämpfe – entstanden sind.
|
||||
|
||||
(Wenn ihr mit der Abdeckung anderer Länder/Regionen einen Beitrag zu dieser Session leisten möchtet, wendet euch an uns - die Kontakte findet ihr auf der Einstiegsseite).
|
||||
|
||||
# Italien: Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN)
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- [Rediscovering the roots of public health services. Lessons from Italy](https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/rediscovering-roots-public-health-services-lessons-italy/), by Chiara Giorgi, *Open Democracy*, 24 March 2020.
|
||||
- VIDEO (ITA): [Chiara Giorgi - Storia e politica della riforma sanitaria dal dopoguerra al 1978](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDaa-UpgI50), *Teoria Critica della Società - Università Bicocca*, 21 March 2020.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Italien ist ein bedeutender Fall von politischem Erfolg im Gesundheitswesen. Nach den Daten der OECD für 2017 beträgt die Lebenserwartung bei der Geburt in Italien 83,1 Jahre, verglichen mit 80,9 Jahren im EU-Durchschnitt. Die gesamten Gesundheitsausgaben pro Einwohner_in betragen 2.483 Euro – gegenüber 2.884 im EU-Durchschnitt (ein Unterschied von 15%). Es scheint paradox, dass das europäische Land mit der höchsten Lebenserwartung dieses Ergebnis mit reduzierten Ausgaben erreicht hat.
|
||||
|
||||
Der Druck zur Schaffung eines öffentlichen Gesundheitssystems im Jahr 1978 entstand aus einer beispiellosen Allianz zwischen linken politischen Kräften, radikalem Gesundheitsaktivismus, Kämpfen von Gewerkschaften, Arbeitnehmer_innengruppen, Student_innen- und Frauenbewegungen, sowie fortschrittlichem Vorgehen und positiven Erfahrungen bei der Erneuerung der medizinischen Praxis.
|
||||
|
||||
Das Ergebnis - die Reform von 1978 - war ein universeller, öffentlicher, kostenloser Gesundheitsdienst, der eine breite Palette von Leistungen außerhalb des Marktes anbietet. Das System wurde weitgehend nach dem Vorbild des britischen NHS gestaltet und in Anlehnung an die Definition von Gesundheit, die 1946 von der WHO formuliert wurde, augebildet.
|
||||
|
||||
Bei der Reform in Italien wurde die Tradition eines korporatistischen Gesundheitssystems mit seiner begrenzten Abdeckung separater Berufsgruppen aufgegeben. Stattdessen wurde ein öffentlicher und universeller Gesundheitsdienst eingeführt, der durch allgemeine Steuern finanziert wird und für alle frei zugänglich ist - nicht nur für italienische Bürger_innen, sondern für alle, die im Land leben.
|
||||
|
||||
In mehreren Bereichen - psychische Gesundheit, Arbeitsmedizin, Frauengesundheit, Drogentherapie - sind neue Erkenntnisse über Krankheitsprävention, neue Praktiken der Leistungserbringung und innovative institutionelle Regelungen entstanden. Dies mit Schwerpunkt auf gebietlichen Diensten zur Abdeckung von sowohl gesundheitlichen als auch sozialen Bedürfnissen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Der intellektuelle Rahmen für die Gesundheitsreform in Italien kam von Persönlichkeiten, die Kompetenz und politisches Engagement verbanden: Franco Basaglia mit seiner Arbeit rund um radikale Psychiatrie; Giulio Maccacaro der Gründer der "Medicina Democratica", einer radikalen Gesundheitsbewegung; Giovanni Berlinguer, einWissenschaftler und Abgeordneter der Kommunistischen Partei; Alessandro Seppilli, ein Spezialist für öffentliche Gesundheit und sozialistischer Bürgermeister der Stadt Perugia; Laura Conti, eine Schlüsselfigur der Sozialistischen Partei und Wegbereiterin der italienischen Umweltbewegung; Ivar Oddone, ein Arbeitsmediziner und ehemaliger Partisan - er inspirierte die Figur des Kim, einem jungen Partisanen und Medizinstudenten, in Italo Calvinos erstem Buch *Wo Spinnen ihre Nester bauen* (1947).
|
||||
|
||||
Die Arbeit dieser Personen schuf die Basis für eine integrierte Vision der Gesundheit: physisch und psychisch, individuell und kollektiv, verbunden mit Gemeinschaft und Gebiet. Es wurde eine neue, weniger hierarchische Art der Ärzt_innen-Patient_innen-Beziehung entworfen; das Modell einer dezentralisierten Gesundheitsorganisation mit Elementen der Partizipation wurde eingeführt; die zentrale Bedeutung der Präventivmedizin gegenüber der Heilmedizin wurde betont. Wie es Giulio Maccacaro 1976 argumentiert hatte, folgte man einer *bottom-up* Strategie der "Politisierung der Medizin". Diese stellte die Art und Weise in Frage, wie der industrielle Kapitalismus die Arbeiter_innen ausbeutete und die Gesundheits- und Sozialbedingungen im Land untergrub.
|
||||
|
||||
Diese politische Strategie sah Gesundheit als ein Kombinat einer kollektiven Dimension und einem individuellen Zustand an. Sie forderte daher kollektive Kämpfe, um die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Wurzeln von Krankheiten und Problemen der öffentlichen Gesundheit anzugehen. Dieser Ansatz wurde parallel auch von der feministischen Bewegung bei der Behandlung von Frauengesundheitsfragen verfolgt – einschließlich der wichtigen Experimente in selbstorganisierten Gesundheitskliniken.
|
||||
|
||||
Jahrzehntelange "Managementreformen", Mittelkürzungen und Privatisierungsbemühungen haben jedoch die Dienstleistungsstandards des italienischen Systems gesenkt; die medizinische Versorgung wird durch eine Art Ticketsystem reguliert, wobei die „Tickets“ von den Patient_innen bezahlt werden. Dies hat zu einer sehr ungleichen Kapazität der Dienstleistungen in den unterschiedlichen Regionen Italiens geführt.
|
||||
|
||||
Die ersten Maßnahmen der italienischen Regierung am 17. März 2020 (als die Pandemie ausbrach) war die Aufstockung der Mittel für den Gesundheitsnotstand um 3 Milliarden Euro und die Einstellung von 20‘000 Ärzt_innen, Pflege- und Hilfspersonal. Dies war eine Anerkennung der politischen Fehler der Vergangenheit - Kürzungen, Privatisierung und Kommodifizierung - und der Notwendigkeit, die Massnahmen der öffentlichen Gesundheitsvorsorge über den Gesundheits-Markt zu stellen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Die Geburt des britischen National Health Service (NHS)
|
||||
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- [The Birth of the NHS](https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/the-birth-of-the-nhs-856091.html), Andy McSmith, *The Independent*, 28 June 2008.
|
||||
- VIDEO (EN): [The NHS: A Difficult Beginning](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ywP8wjfOx4), BBC documentary (2008). Narrator: Imelda Staunton, Director: Ian MacMillan.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Der NHS (National Health Service) ist mit der Betreuung von über anderthalb Millionen Patient_innen täglich der größte Dienst seiner Art weltweit. Er wird allgemein als nationaler Schatz angesehen - die bemerkenswerteste Errungenschaft Großbritanniens nach dem Krieg.
|
||||
|
||||
Der NHS wurde in den Monaten vor seiner Einführung erbittert bekämpft - von der Tory-Partei und der nationalen Presse. Seine bösartigsten und lautstärksten Gegner waren jene Menschen, von denen seine Existenz abhing – Chirurg_innen, Pflegepersonal, Zahnärzt_Innen und die 20‘000 Hausärzt_innen in Großbritannien. Um den NHS überhaupt in Gang zu bringen, bedurfte es der Beharrlichkeit und Entschlossenheit eines Mannes - Nye (Aneurin) Bevan, Gesundheitsminister der Labour-Partei.
|
||||
|
||||
Vor Juli 1948 wurden die 2‘700 britischen Krankenhäuser von Wohltätigkeitsorganisationen oder Räten betrieben. Die einzigen Menschen, die Anspruch auf kostenlose Behandlung hatten, waren diejenigen, die Arbeit hatten.
|
||||
|
||||
1945 verabschiedete die neue Labour-Regierung ein Manifest, das eine Revolution im Gesundheitswesen versprach. Gesundheitsminister Nye Bevan wollte ein Gesundheitswesen aufbauen, das auf vier Prinzipien basierte: Es sollte am Ort der Nutzung kostenlos sein; allen, die es benötigen, zur Verfügung stehen; aus Steuergeldern bezahlt und verantwortungsvoll genutzt werden.
|
||||
|
||||
Bevan, der aus einer Bergarbeiterfamilie stammte, ließ sich von der Tredegar Workers Medical Aid Society in Südwales inspirieren, einem bahnbrechenden gemeinschaftlichen Hilfsprogramm, das seinen Mitgliedern medizinische Leistungen, zahnärztliche Versorgung und Beerdigungskosten für nur einen Penny pro Woche bot.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Öffentliche Gesundheit in den USA
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- (AUDIO) (EN) [How the Bad Blood Started](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/13/podcasts/1619-slavery-healthcare.html?action=click&module=audio-series-bar&pgtype=Article®ion=header), episode 4, *1619*, *New York Times* podcast. Hosted by Nikole Hannah-Jones. September 13th, 2019.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Diese Geschichte beginnt im Herbst 1866 mit Rebecca Lee Crumpler. Rebecca Lee Crumpler war eine junge schwarze Frau, die frei geboren und von ihrer Tante in Pennsylvania aufgezogen wurde. Ihre Tante war Medizinfrau: Sie ging von Haus zu Haus und kümmerte sich um die Kranken, und Rebecca ging mit und half ihr. Es gefiel ihr so gut, dass sie Krankenschwester wurde, und sie war so gut als Krankenschwester, dass sie die ungewöhnliche Entscheidung traf, Ärztin zu werden. Sie ging ans New England Female Medical College, ein College, das speziell für die Ausbildung von Frauen eröffnet wurde. Zu der Zeit, in der Rebecca Lee Crumpler ihren Abschluss macht, gab es etwa 54‘000 Ärzt_innen im Land – nur 300 davon Frauen ¬– und nur eine dieser Frauen war schwarz: Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Etwa ein Jahr nach Rebeccas Medizinstudium ging der Bürgerkrieg zu Ende, und sie traf eine weitere ungewöhnliche Entscheidung: nämlich in den Süden zu gehen, wo vier Millionen Menschen gerade aus der Sklaverei entlassen worden waren. Crumpler wusste, dass es eine große Herausforderung sein würde, jenen Menschen zu helfen und ihre vielen Grundbedürfnisse, einschließlich der Gesundheitsversorgung, zu befriedigen.
|
||||
Diesen Menschen wurde gesagt: "Ihr dürft gehen aber ohne finanzielle Mittel“. So waren sie gezwungen, sich in verlassenen Gefängnissen, ehemaligen Militärbaracken, leeren Kirchen und Flüchtlingslagern niederzulassen. Sie waren auf engstem Raum zusammengepfercht, verfügten nicht über die notwendigen Einrichtungen und Mittel, um eine gute Hygiene aufrechtzuerhalten. Davon wurden sie krank. Aber sie konnten kein Gesundheitssystem in Anspruch nehmen, es gab damals keines. Und selbst wenn...
|
||||
Damals wurde in Nordamerika ein Grossteil der medizinischen Versorgung zu Hause von Familienmitgliedern oder von Ärzt_innen auf Hausbesuch geleistet. Die einzigen Krankenhäuser, die es gab, waren Einrichtungen für die ganz Armen oder für Menschen, die krank wurden und keine Familien hatten, die sich um sie kümmern konnte. Diese Einrichtungen waren privat, sie wurden von wohltätigen Gruppen betrieben. Als die ehemaligen Sklav_innen sich an diese Einrichtungen wandten, wurden sie abgewiesen. Sie starben in großer Zahl und ihre Körper „verunreinigten“ in einigen Städten die Straßen.
|
||||
Dies stellte eine massive Gefahr für die öffentliche Gesundheit dar. Um diese Krise zu bewältigen, schuf die Regierung das erste staatliche Gesundheitsprogramm der Nation. Es nennt sich die Freedmen’s Bureau Medical Division. Und das ist es, wofür sich Rebecca Lee Crumpler in den Süden aufmachte.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Die Freedmen’s Bureau Medical Division wurde in totaler Ambivalenz gegründet: Die Beamten wollten, dass ihre Gemeinden sauber genug sind, um Krankheiten zu verhindern, die sich auf die weiße Bevölkerung ausbreiten könnte. Doch sie wollen keine kostenlose Hilfe leisten, da sie befürchten, dass dies zu einer Abhängigkeit der schwarzen amerikanischen Gemeinde führen könnte. Deshalb wurden einige Krankenhäuser gegründet und ein paar Ärzt_innen eingestellt. Die Spitäler wurden beim ersten Anzeichen von Fortschritt wieder geschlossen; die Mittel, die Ärzt_innen (darunter Crumpler) anfordern, blieben aus.
|
||||
Da all diese Menschen an vermeidbaren Dingen starben, entstand eine Theorie: Sie begründete die hohe Sterblichkeitsrate in der schwarzen Bevölkerung folgendermassen: Schwarze Menschen sterben nicht aus Mangel an Grundversorgung, sondern weil sie den Weißen biologisch unterlegen und für die Freiheit ungeeignet sind. Es wurde argumentiert, dass die Afroamerikaner_innen buchstäblich aussterben würden. Deshalb sei die Bereitstellung jeglicher Art von Finanzmitteln oder Ressourcen zur Bekämpfung des Unvermeidlichen Unsinn.
|
||||
Dies ist das erste Beispiel für eine staatlich finanzierte Gesundheitsversorgung, und es ist ein Beispiel für etwas, das zum Scheitern verurteilt war.
|
||||
Dies realisierte auch Rebecca Lee Crumpler, und sie beschloss, ein Buch zu schreiben: Es heisst *Buch der medizinischen Diskurse in zwei Teilen*. Crumpler richtete sich damit nicht an ihre Kollegen in der weißen medizinischen Gemeinschaft oder an Segregationisten im Kongress, sondern an die schwarze Gemeinde – insbesondere Mütter und Krankenschwestern. Was das Buch lehrt ist, wie man sich selber pflegen und versorgen kann, wie man Krankheiten wie Cholera vorbeugt, wie man häufige Krankheiten wie Hämorrhoiden und Bronchitis behandeln kann. In diesem Buch sagt Crumpler schwarzen Amerikaner_innen: "Ihr seid nicht minderwertig. Ihr werdet nicht aussterben. Ihr könnt auf euch selbst aufpassen.“
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Vorspulen bis Januar 1947. Präsident Truman wünscht sich ein staatliches Krankenversicherungsprogramm, in das jeder im Voraus einzahlt und aus dem die Menschen dann schöpfen können, wenn sie es brauchen.
|
||||
|
||||
Als Truman dieses Postulat stellt, ist das Gesundheitssystem seit dem Bürgerkrieg bereits ein wenig gewachsen – aber nicht viel. Alle Krankenhäuser, die durch das Freedmen's Bureau geschaffen wurden, sind, mit Ausnahme einer Institution in Washington D.C., alle geschlossen worden. Neue Krankenhäuser wurden gebaut. Aber es sind nicht annähernd genug, besonders im Süden herrscht Mangel. Zudem sind die Krankenhäuser, die es gibt, alle „separiert“. Eine "separat aber gleich"-Klausel wurde gesetzlich verankert: Sie bedeutete, dass schwarze Patienten entweder in ihre eigenen schwarzen Einrichtungen gehen mussten, die dünn gestreut und weit voneinander entfernt waren, oder sie wurden in die Kellerabteilungen weißer Krankenhäuser verbannt. Diese Abteilungen waren klein und boten nicht dieselbe gute Versorgung, wie sie in den weißen Einrichtungen geboten wurde.
|
||||
|
||||
Es waren nicht nur schwarze Amerikaner_innen, die nicht genug Pflege erhielten. Es waren auch viele arme Weiße. Die meisten Amerikaner_innen waren zu dieser Zeit nicht versichert. Und die Versicherung, die es gab, war arbeitgeberbasiert. Um versichert zu werden, musste man eine Arbeitsstelle haben, bei der Versicherungsleistungen tatsächlich angeboten wurden.
|
||||
Dieses System funktionierte natürlich nicht, und Truman sah es als eines der dringendsten Probleme des Landes an. Die Lösung sah er in einer nationalen Krankenversicherung.
|
||||
|
||||
Aber dann, Tage nach Trumans Wahlsieg, startet die American Medical Association, die größte und wohl mächtigste Berufsorganisation für Ärzt_innen im Land, eine massive Kampagne, um Truman’s Vorstoss zu Fall zu bringen. Die A.M.A. sieht ein nationales Krankenversicherungsprogramm als Bedrohung ihrer Profite an.
|
||||
Die A.M.A. stellte eine PR-Firma, sozusagen die erste politische Beratungsfirma des Landes, an. Gemeinsam wurde ein Plan entwickelt, um die allgemeine Gesundheitsversorgung zu torpedieren: Es wurde Radio-Werbung geschaltet, ausserdem Zeitungsannoncen, Anzeigen in Zeitschriften; Flugblätter und Postwurfsendungen wurden verteilt. Insgesamt wurden etwa 100 Millionen Schriftstücke durchs Land geschickt. Und das, was auf ihnen de facto stand, war ein Wahlspruch. Er lautet: "Die Politik soll in der Medizin nicht mitmischen."
|
||||
|
||||
Und diese Kampagne funktionierte. Die Unterstützung der Bevölkerung für Trumans Gesetzesvorlage sank. Sie kam nicht durch den Kongress, und das Gesundheitssystem, das am Ende dieses Kampfes stand, war für die meisten Amerikaner_innen zu teuer und so segregiert wie nie zuvor.
|
||||
|
||||
Medicare wurde eigentlich aus der Asche von Trumans gescheitertem nationalen Krankenversicherungsprogramm geboren. Unter Präsident Kennedy, und später unter Präsident Johnson, traten schwarzen Ärzt_innen (die die National Medical Association (N.M.A.) gegründet hatten, da sie von der A.M.A. ausgeschlossen waren) unter der Führung von Montague Cobb vehement für Medicare ein. Sie führten Proteste an, machten Lobbyarbeit im Kongress und starteten ihre eigene PR-Kampagne für gerechtere Medizin. Und ihre Botschaft war das, was schon seit langem klar ist: Die Gesundheitsversorgung ist ein Menschenrecht, und jedes Programm, das den Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung erweitert, ist die Pflicht einer freien und demokratischen Gesellschaft.
|
||||
|
||||
Parallel zu diesen Entwicklungen eskalierte der Kampf um die Bürgerrechte im ganzen Land auch außerhalb der medizinischen Welt. Die Bemühungen gipfelten im Bürgerrechtsgesetz von 1964. Es besagt, dass die Diskriminierung aufgrund der Rasse verfassungswidrig ist. Genauer gesagt heißt es dort, dass die Regierung Bundesgelder von jeder Einrichtung oder Körperschaft abziehen kann, die sich nicht an das Gesetz hält. Und dazu gehören auch Krankenhäuser.
|
||||
|
||||
Und so wurde 1966 Medicare verabschiedet, und vier Monate nach der Einführung war die Rassentrennung bereits in fast 3‘000 Krankenhäusern aufgehoben. Aber die Unterschiede in der medizinischen Versorgung von schwarzen und weißen, armen und reichen Amerikaner_innen bestehen bis heute.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gesundheitswesen in der Schweiz:**
|
||||
- [Gesundheitswesen im Wandel](https://vpod.ch/themen/gesundheit/schweizer-gesundheitswesen/)
|
||||
|
||||
**Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland:**
|
||||
- [Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung in Deutschland: 135 Jahre Solidarität, Selbstverwaltung und Wettbewerb](https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/stories/series/germany/Germany2017_Series1_translation.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Kind sein während der Quarantäne"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*This document also exists as an English version: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Hay una versión de este documento en español: *
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
# Krise der Häuslichkeit
|
||||
|
||||
„Zwangshäuslichkeit“ belastet selbst gewaltfreie Menschen und Familien. Für viele ist die Aufforderung #stayathome keineswegs beruhigend.
|
||||
|
||||
*Um mehr über häusliche Gewalt als Folge von erzwungener häuslicher Nähe zu erfahren, lesen Sie die Session [Aus einer Feministischen Perspektive betrachtet](session:de.throughafeministlens.md).*
|
||||
|
||||
Allzu oft laufen die jüngsten Opfer häuslicher Gewalt – Kinder – Gefahr, völlig übersehen zu werden. Wenn zu einem Haushalt (mitunter auf kleiner Wohnfläche und ohne Aussenraum) auch Kinder gehören, kann die Situation schnell angespannt werden und eskalieren. Deshalb ist es sinnvoll, Wege zu finden, um ein friedliches und freudiges Zusammenleben für alle zu gewährleisten.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Kindern die Pandemie erklären
|
||||
|
||||
Der erste Schritt, um Spannungen zu vermeiden, ist es, Kindern (in einer ihrem Alter angemessenen Sprache) zu erklären, wie man als Familie die schwierigen Wochen durchleben möchte, wie und warum solche Situationen überhaupt zustande kommen.
|
||||
In den vergangenen Wochen wurden viele Initiativen für Kinder ins Leben gerufen, um ihnen die längere Zeit zu Hause oder in der Selbstisolierung zu erleichtern: etwa über bestehende Technologien; mittels Forderungen nach der Aufhebung von Paywalls und dem freien Zugang zu digitalen Archiven; durch die Produktion von kinderspezifischen Inhalten; und durch kollektive Care-Praktiken zwischen Familien, innerhalb von Nachbarschaften und grösseren Personengruppen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Neue, undenkbare Felder der Aushandlung zwischen Erwachsenen und Kindern...*
|
||||
|
||||
# Die Kinder aktiv halten
|
||||
|
||||
Hier sind einige Tipps und Erfahrungen von Menschen aus Italien zur Inspiration:
|
||||
|
||||
## Vergessen Sie nicht, zu tanzen!
|
||||
|
||||
Sich nicht zu bewegen ist für jeden tödlich, besonders für Kinder. In der Zwangsquarantäne ist es sinnvoll, eine Tageszeit zu definieren, in der man sich der körperlichen Aktivität widmet – jede und jeder entsprechend ihrer oder seiner körperlichen Fähigkeiten. Wenn Sie das Haus nicht verlassen können, drehen Sie einfach die Musik auf und tanzen Sie bis zur Erschöpfung!
|
||||
|
||||
## Nehmen Sie Ihre eigenen Audiogeschichten auf und teilen Sie sie mit Freund_innen, Familien und Bekannten
|
||||
|
||||
Lesen Sie Kindergeschichten laut, deutlich und langsam vor, und nehmen Sie sie auf – etwa mit Ihrem Smartphone! Senden Sie die Audiodatei per Email an andere, und laden Sie weitere Personen ein, dies ebenfalls zu tun. Um die Geschichten zu verbreiten, können Sie auch einen Kanal auf Telegram öffnen, auf den Sie Ihre Geschichten hochladen (zwei Geschichten pro Tag mehr als genug!). Oder Sie teilen die Geschichten in den verschiedenen Chats, die Sie führen. Hier ist ein [Beispiel](https://t.me/storiealtelefono) für einen italienischen Telegram-Kanal, der vor kurzem eröffnet wurde.
|
||||
|
||||
## Produzieren sie mit Kindern, und verwenden Sie Inhalte, die *von Kindern* für Kinder gemacht wurden
|
||||
|
||||
Es ist für niemanden leicht, zu verstehen, was geschieht, geschweige denn für Kinder, die sich nicht darüber im Klaren sind, was ein Virus ist und wie er funktioniert. Aus diesem Grund können sie die derzeitigen Einschränkungen nur als unverständlich empfinden. Deshalb sind das Gespräch mit den Kleinen und der gemeinschaftliche (auch kreative) Umgang mit der Situation wichtig. Sie können dazu führen, dass aus der Krisensituation neue Sichtweisen und neue Inhalte entstehen. Einen Teil dieser Inhalte gemeinsam mit den Kindern zu produzieren (Tonaufnahmen, Videos, Zeichnungen, Schriften...) oder ihnen Dinge zu zeigen, ist eine Möglichkeit, das Geschehen ohne Sprachbarrieren zu teilen. Außerdem dient es dazu, die Angst vor dem Unbekannten zu überwinden.
|
||||
|
||||
Dieses [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttfyyQGdZFg) (auf ITA) ist ein nützliches Beispiel.
|
||||
Dies ist der italienische Radiosender ["In diretta per le amiche"](http://www.shareradio.it/diretta-le-amiche-gli-amici-quarta/), der von Kindern gemacht wird. Als deutschsprachige Beispiele können bspw. die [Sendung mit der Maus](https://www.wdrmaus.de/) oder der [Kinderkanal/KiKa](https://www.kika.de/index.html) dienen - beide Angebote vereinen eine Vielzahl von interaktiven Formaten inkl. kindgerechten Videos, Spielen, etc..
|
||||
|
||||
Es gibt auch Leitfäden zur Epidemie, die sich an Kinder richten, wie z.B. [Guida Galattica al Coronavirus / A Curious Guide for Corageous Kids](https://www.muba.it/files/uploads/2020/03/10/guida-galattica-al-corona-virus-a-curious-guide-for-courageous-kids.pdf) (auf ENG und ITA) oder [Hallo, ich heisse K'orona](https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/media/57076596--984/JenniferBahro_Bilderbuch%20Korona.pdf) (auf DE). Im Netz gibt es noch viele weitere "selbstgemachte" Materialien, mit denen man eine lustige und nutzbringende Zeit miteinander verbringen kann. Mit dem Smartphone kann man leicht auf sie zugreifen.
|
||||
|
||||
Falls deine Kinder Animationsfilme mögen, können sie sich auf [EXPERIMENT 120 eine YouTube-Wiedergabeliste](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKQRV4XKZt4&list=PLXnmdJHep6dS8H1BtTNHjgCm6KUz2L1Q1) mit Experimentalfilmen ansehen. Die Auswahl wurde vom [Studio Walter](https://www.instagram.com/mariepierrebonniol/) zusammengestellt. EXPERIMENT 120 präsentiert "Experimentelles aus 120 Jahren Filmgeschichte für Kinder und Jugendliche. 22 Filme, von denen die meisten sehr kurz sind (zwischen 1 und 4 Minuten). Sie können von Kindern ab 7 Jahren angesehen und verstanden werden – egal welche Sprache sie sprechen". Falls deine Kinder selber Animationsfilme machen möchten, können sie diesem von Cool Marbles Stuff erstellten [Instagram-Tutorial folgen](https://www.instagram.com/tv/B-K2MG7FyuS).
|
||||
|
||||
# Die Kinderbetreuung kollektivieren
|
||||
|
||||
In dieser Notlage sind viele Familien mit enormen finanziellen und arbeitsbedingten Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert. In einigen Fällen verlieren Eltern ihre Arbeit oder haben mit monatelangem Lohnausfall zu rechnen, in anderen Fällen sind sie dazu gezwungen, trotz der Schließung von Schulen zur Arbeit zu gehen. Es ist zu vermeiden, die Kinder bei den Großeltern zu lassen, da das Alter und die gesundheitlichen Rahmenbedingungen einer der Hauptgründe für die Sterblichkeit im Falle einer Coronavirus-Infektion sind. Deshalb ist es besser, die Kinderbetreuung anders zu organisieren:
|
||||
|
||||
a. Koordinieren Sie sich mit anderen Familien aus der Nachbarschaft, um die Kinder gemeinsam zu betreuen (am besten wäre eine feste, geschlossene Gruppe).
|
||||
b. Organisieren Sie einen Babysitting-Dienst in der Nachbarschaft. Suchen sie dafür Personen, die sich zum gemeinsamen Spielen zur Verfügung stellen (prüfen Sie auch, ob in Ihrer Gegend eine Solidaritätsgruppe aktiv ist).
|
||||
|
||||
Hier ist ein Mailänder [Beispiel](hhttps://www.facebook.com/Ri.make1/photos/a.1461860884067343/2433143390272416/?type=3&theater): eine einfache, gemeinsam genutzte Tabellenkalkulation, wie eine Kinderbetreuung durch die Koordination zwischen Menschen, die Hilfe benötigen und solchen, die Zeit zur Verfügung haben. Eine solche Gruppe kann auch mit Unterstützung eines Anwalts eingerichtet werden, um mit eventuellen Bewegungseinschränkungen gewandt umgehen zu können.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Geben Sie das Sozialleben Ihrer Kinder nicht auf!
|
||||
|
||||
Auch Kinder können Technologien nutzen. In der Isolation ermöglichen Tools wie [jitsi.org](https://www.jitsi.org) die Organisation kollektiver Videoanrufe, an denen auch Kinder teilnehmen können. Organisieren Sie virtuelle Picknicks mit anderen Familien und Chats unter Kindern. Während die Kinder sich gegenseitig stören, machen Sie etwas anderes. Respektieren Sie ihre Privatsphäre!
|
||||
|
||||
# Hausaufgaben
|
||||
|
||||
Für Kinder in der Vorschul- und Grundschulgruppe wird vorgeschlagen, gemeinsam mit ihnen eine bestimmte Tageszeit festzulegen, in der sie ihre Hausaufgaben machen können – sie sollen sie nicht allein machen müssen und sollten nicht übermässig belastet werden. Es ist besser, wenn sie aus eigenem Willen ein zusätzliches Buch lesen!
|
||||
|
||||
Für Jugendliche ist die Lage komplexer, weil sie verschiedene Arten von Online-Lektionen nutzen können. Auch hier gilt der Ratschlag, angesichts der Komplexität der Situation, die emotionale Belastung, unter der die Schülerinnen und Schüler stehen, zu berücksichtigen und nicht nur auf ihre Leistung und Produktivität zu schauen.
|
||||
|
||||
# Weiterführende Literatur / Ressourcen
|
||||
|
||||
- [Here’s The Entire List of Education Companies Offering Free Subscriptions Due to School Closings](https://kidsactivitiesblog.com/135609/list-of-education-companies-offering-free-subscriptions/?fbclid=IwAR1f2-K7TQ_cc57bgvdrPGIUytaeyt4VISRn2c98dg_gFHYU0cokZCMfQuQ)
|
||||
- [Over 30 Virtual Field Trips with Links](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SvIdgTx9djKO6SjyvPDsoGlkgE3iExmi3qh2KRRku_w/preview?pru=AAABcQilkkk%2ADtHGT1eJMgvNOIRBbFig8A&fbclid=IwAR01IimhN9-qgbPPvC6dZT7Hc6uOEDm4ah5Jtx3CtM-6sem57FFpl7FbUx0)
|
||||
- [Skype a Scientist](https://www.skypeascientist.com/)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Hilfe für die, die ihren Job verloren haben"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*This document is also available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
## Prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse, Kündigungen und fehlende finanzielle Sicherheit
|
||||
|
||||
Das Absagen von öffentlichen Veranstaltungen, die Schließung von Bildungs-, Kultur-, und Freizeitseinrichtungen, Maßnahmen zum Social Distancing und der Isolation und Quarantäne zuhause und die Verlangsamung der Wirtschaft führen zu einer Zunahme der Arbeitslosigkeit. Arbeitnehmer_innen werden mit einer Situation konfrontiert, in der sie plötzlich nicht mehr in der Lage sind, Miete, Unterhalt und medizienische Kosten zu begleichen. Die ersten Betroffenen sind Arbeitende in prekären Arbeitsverhältnissen: Menschen in Zeitarbeit, auf Nullstundenverträgen, in Bereitschaft, und freischaffende Selbstständige. In den meisten dieser Kategorien von Arbeitnehmenden befinden sich hauptsächlich Frauen sowie Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund. Besonders betroffen von den momentanen Bedingungen sind auch Eltern, da sie ihre Kinder nicht in den Kindergarten, die Kindertagesstätte oder in die Schule schicken können. Hart trifft es ausserdem auch Menschen, die ältere Mitbürgerinnen und Mitbürger oder Menschen mit Behinderung pflegen und daher nicht zur Arbeit gehen können. Während die Pandemie sich weiter ausbreitet, werden Arbeitgebende zunehmend Arbeitnehmende entlassen, was dazu führt, dass die Zahl derjenigen steigen wird, die sich in einer prekären Lebenslage wiederfinden. Zudem werden Menschen in prekären Arbeitsverhältnissen, die zur COVID-19-Risikogruppe gehören, weiterhin unter ungeschützten und mit Risiken behafteten Bedingungen arbeiten müssen: entweder weil sie es sich nicht leisten können, nicht arbeiten zu gehen, oder weil sie von Arbeitgeber_innen nachwievor dazu gezwungen werden, an ihrem Arbeitsplatz zu erscheinen.
|
||||
|
||||
Diese Situation erfordert eine Reihe temporärer Maßnahmen: etwa die Ausweiterung des Arbeitsunfähigkeits- und Krankengeldes für die arbeitnehmende Bevölkerung; die Aussetzung der Arbeitsanforderungen für die Gewährung von Sozialleistungen; einen Ausbau der Sozialleistungen; die Aussetzung von Miet- und Hypothekenzahlungen und Zuschüsse für Lebensunterhaltskosten. So manche Regierung hat keine andere Wahl, als diese Maßnahmen temporär umzusetzen. Jedoch muss auch deutlich gemacht werden, dass die aktuelle Unterversorgung zum Großteil die direkte Konsequenz einer langjährigen Prekarisierung der Arbeitnehmenden ist. Diese drückt sich unter anderem in einem kontinuierlichen Abbau des sozialen Arbeitnehmerschutzes, der Privatisierung des Sozialfürsorgeangebots und der systematischen Entwertung der Pflegearbeit aus. Daher müssen auf lange Sicht - während und nach der Pandemie - weitreichende und systemische Forderungen gestellt werden: etwa nach der Abschaffung prekärer Arbeitsverhältnisse, der Einführung einer Arbeitsgarantie, dem Ausbau des Gesundheitssystems und der Sozialleistungen für alle, sowie nach einer besseren Entlohung von Pflegearbeit. Radikaler formulierte Anliegen sind die Einführung eines universellen Grundeinkommens (Universal Basic Income) und eines universellen Grundvermögens (Universal Basic Assets); die Neustrukturierung der Ziele des Wirtschaftssystems und der Arbeitsteilung. Denn spätestens jetzt wird deutlich, dass das neoliberal verankerte und untermauerte Vertrauen auf die "Regulierungskraft des freien Marktes" in der Zeit nach der Pandemie keine Gültigkeit mehr haben wird.
|
||||
|
||||
Abgesehen von diesen in die Zukunft gerichteten Überlegungen muss auch im Hier und Jetzt gehandelt werden. Momentan finden sich viele Menschen ohne Geld und Einkommen und sind daher auf die Unterstützung von Freund_innen und Bekannten, Familie oder partnerschaflichen Mutualismus (vorteilhafte Kooperation oder gegenseitige Hilfe ohne Ausnutzen des anderen) angewiesen, um es durch die Zeit der Pandemie zu schaffen. Hier sind einige Ideen zur Umverteilung und Milderung der Notlage, die auch das Potenzial haben, eine Grundlage für weitergehende Unterstützungsnetzwerke und eine kollaboratives Wirtschaftsmodell zu legen:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Ideen zur gegenseitigen Unterstützung
|
||||
---
|
||||
Geld: Solidaritätskassen
|
||||
---
|
||||
Du kannst innerhalb deiner Gemeinschaft (politisch, Nachbarschaft, Haushalt, Freundschaftsgruppe, oder in der Familie) eine Gemeinschaftskasse für die gegenseitige Unterstützung einrichten. Die Kasse kann mittels einer Tabelle organisiert werden, die drei Spalten hat: 1) Liste mit Teilnehmenden 2) Einzahlung pro Woche 3) ausgezahlte Summe pro Person. Die Prinzipien der Redistribution sollten im Voraus geklärt werden. Für die Verteilung der Gelder gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten: entweder sammelt eine Person Einzahlungen ein und teilt sie, man eröffnet ein gemeinsames Konto oder ein [Common Wallet](https://vimeo.com/295537042) oder gründet eine Solidaritätskasse, um das Einkommen zu kollektivieren.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
Resourcen: Einkäufe und Produkte teilen
|
||||
---
|
||||
Das selbe Prinzip funktioniert auch mit Einkäufen. Eröffne eine Arbeitsblatt mit zwei Tabellen: die erste Tabelle für eine Liste der Teilnehmenden und der wöchentlichen Einzahlung, die zweite Tabelle enthält eine Liste des Bedarfs und der Preise. Das Konto sollte immer ausgeglichen sein. Kauft gemeinsam ein und verteilt die Waren nach Bedarf.
|
||||
|
||||
Man kann auch nichtverzehrbare Produkte teilen, wie etwa Werkzeug oder Fahrzeuge. Hierzu kann eine Leihdatenbank erstellt werden in dem eine Tabelle mit Spalten für den Gegenstand, dem Eigentümer und dem Ausleiher erstellt und zugänglich gemacht wird. Um das Teilen tragfähig zu gestalten sollten im Vorraus Regeln etabliert werden, wie das Materialien sauber und pünktlich zurück gebracht werden, das die ausleihende Partei weiss, wie der Gegenstand zu benutzen ist und das alle Schäden umgehend mitgeteilt werden.
|
||||
|
||||
Quelle: [Five Simple Rules](https://intercom.help/library-of-things/en/articles/2792457-the-five-simple-rules-of-borrowing)
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn möglich, kaufe Lebensmittel von lokalen Händlern. Arrangiere eine wöchentliche Abholung von Kisten mit gemischtem Obst, Gemüse und anderer Produkte. Das Ziel ist Geld so lange wie möglich in der Gemeinschaft zu zirkulieren.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
Arbeitskraft: Common.coin
|
||||
---
|
||||
Da insbesondere prekäre Arbeitnehmer gerade besonders wenig Geld haben kann eine art interner Arbeitsmarkt in der Gemeinschaft erstellt werden, in dem Arbeit und Jobs getauscht werden können.
|
||||
|
||||
Das kann durch ein verteiltes Kontenbuchsystem (Blockchain) organisiert werden wie es das MACAO Kulturzentrum in Mainland zusammen mit Dune.org und einigen weiteren Gemeinschaften zur Kollektivierung der Wirtschaft und Arbeitskraft entwickelt hat. Um ein System zur Arbeitsteilung in deiner Gemeinschaft zu gründne kannst du ein Coomon.coin Konto mit Hilfe von [diesem Tutorial](https://commonfare.net/it/stories/commoncoin-wallet-tutorial-31286f71-f28b-4f36-9739-4f7143f1bdb2) starten und eure eigene Währung [hier](https://commonfare.net/it/stories/group-currency-tutorial) erstellen. Für technische Hilfe kannst du mit [dyne.org](https://swapi.dyne.org) in Kontakt treten.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
Arbeitskraft: Zeitbank
|
||||
---
|
||||
Zeitbanken, oder [Timebanks](https://timebanks.org/what-is-timebanking/), sind Finanzsysteme in denen die Währung aus Zeit besteht, die benötigt wird, um Dienste für andere Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft zu erfüllen. Für jeden Dienst der angeboten wird, stimmt ein anderes Mitglied einem Zeitkredit zu, der benötigt wird um den Dienst zu erfüllen. Zeitbanken können von kleineren und größeren Gemeinschaften organisiert werden um um deren Mitgliedern bei der Verteilung von Arbeitsdiensten im kollektivem Bedarf zu helfen. Es gibt hierzu [viele einfache Softwares](https://wiki.p2pfoundation.net/Timebanking_Software_Platforms), die bei der Einführung von Zeitbankenprinzipien helfen.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
Öffnen eines juristischen und gewerkschaftlichen Beratungshotline
|
||||
---
|
||||
Öffne eine Beratungshotline für Juristen und Gewerkschafter_innen, um Arbeitnehmenden (prekär oder festangestellt) Rat in Sachen Arbeitsrecht (z.B. wie man vermeiden kann risikoreiche Arbeiten durchzuführen oder generell Situationen in denen Arbeitgeber die Kosten der Krise den Arbeitnehmern zuschieben) zu geben. [Hier](https://jacobinitalia.it/reddito-e-solidarieta-la-crisi-sanitaria-non-sia-pagata-da-chi-non-lavora/) ist eine gute Übersicht zu arbeitsrechtlichen Problemen auf italienisch.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Setze dich für ein universales Quarantänegrundeinkommen ein!
|
||||
---
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
Weitere Materialen
|
||||
---
|
||||
* [The Workers Who Face the Greatest Coronavirus Risk, by NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html?fbclid=IwAR1SgHA_Z-tBH5SHwlr8o_Pio4ILZE9GDtZnPEtTOr_AJ1yHeLHD8fy28NM)
|
||||
* [COVID-19 lessons from Italy. A primer for workplace rights, health and safety](https://docs.google.com/document/d/16yFBKV3nACNLvSeEYIe5GlLLjVXJdVUaFa8o8UGdD3M/edit)
|
||||
* [Coronavirus sparks nationwide strikes in Italy](https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-sparks-nationwide-strikes-in-italy/?fbclid=IwAR1MBNX-wFAhvw-BO3kEc8Boql3ayHEHQICJpJoDMNitLSbYlp7Z904xZSY)
|
||||
* [Workers and the Virus: Radical Lessons from Italy in the Age of COVID-19](https://medium.com/@adelfanti/workers-and-the-virus-radical-lessons-from-italy-in-the-age-of-covid-19-fac400bd9a02)
|
||||
* [Sex Workers Advocacy and Resistance Movement Solidarity Fund (UK)](https://www.swarmcollective.org/donate)
|
||||
* [As coronavirus spreads, housekeepers in L.A. declare staying home ‘a luxury’](https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-03-15/coronavirus-pandemic-disease-housekeepers-westwood?fbclid=IwAR0V8TEQ-4N-iSr6PTfM1_kMaOUsT7fd1ZcNMPWjwpJR1M3w8bxJoxnarmI)
|
||||
* [COVID-19 and Freelance Artists (USA)](https://covid19freelanceartistresource.wordpress.com/)
|
||||
* [Our Response to the COVID-19 Crisis, by Designers + Cultural Workers branch of the United Voices of the World Union (UK)](https://mailchi.mp/0f67a2d44fa7/our-response-to-the-covid-19-crisis)
|
||||
* [Germany promises financial support to help arts institutions hit by coronavirus](https://mailchi.mp/0f67a2d44fa7/our-response-to-the-covid-19-crisis)
|
||||
* [Mutual Aid: How to Build a Network in Your Neighborhood from Medford-Somerville (USA)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ca-sz4DRNvUg8ezcrfd6awH-ahxBDJwnbdzxm4_qDVs/edit)
|
||||
* [Collective Care Is Our Best Weapon against COVID-19](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uP49OQGhosfBN4BOYQvyy_Mu3mpCSOYzip13LksC-S8/edit)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Mietstreiks"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg/"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*There is an English version of this document: *
|
||||
|
||||
Relativ häufige Unterstützungsmaßnahmen während der COVID-19-Krise sind etwa das Einfrieren von Hypotheken und die Blockierung von Zwangsräumungen. Für Mieter_innen gibt es oft keinen genügenden Schutz. Vor allem für Menschen, die ihre Einkommensquelle verloren haben, können die Mietkosten nicht mehr tragen. Am ersten April 2020 hat ein allgemeiner und unbefristeter Streik begonnen, zu dem Basisorganisationen und Mieter_innengewerkschaften in verschiedenen Ländern aufgerufen haben. An diesem Mietstreik beteiligen sich sowohl jene, die nicht mehr für ihre Miete aufkommen können, als auch jene, die sich – über die Pandemie-Krise hinaus – mit den Schwächsten der Gesellschaft solidarisieren.
|
||||
Der Aufruf zu einem Mietstreik ging von zwei sehr unterschiedlichen Orten aus: den Kanarischen Inseln und der Westküste der USA. Auf den Kanaren wurde er von einer Gewerkschaft ausgerufen, die bei der Besetzung spanischer Plätze im Rahmen der Anti-Austeritäts-Bewegung 2011 gegründet wurde. Seit damals setzt sie sich gemeinsam mit den Mieter_innen der ärmsten Viertel der Stadt Las Palmas gegen deren Vertreibung ein.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
|
||||
- (ITA) [Covid-19, lo sciopero degli affitti come immunità di gregge](https://napolimonitor.it/covid-19-lo-sciopero-degli-affitti-come-immunita-di-gregge/)
|
||||
- (EN) [Between Eviction, Infection, and Refusal: What You Need to Know About the April 1st Rent Strike & How to Plug In](https://itsgoingdown.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-rent-strike/?fbclid=IwAR0wN4-FnC4rpeESbCTdXg7BFubZ340P1H06HRfsllyC3HH70tu4lVq7yFA)
|
||||
- (AT) [Mietstreik Salzburg](https://mietstreiksalzburg.noblogs.org/tag/salzburg/)
|
||||
- (CH) [Globaler Aufruf, ab dem 1. April in einen Mietstreik zu treten](https://barrikade.info/article/3332)
|
||||
- (DE) [Mietzurückhaltung bis zum Mieterlass während Covid-19!](https://mietstreik.blackblogs.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Mietstreik-Initiativen und -Forderungen
|
||||
USA: [Rent Strike 2020](https://www.rentstrike2020.org/) ist eine Organisation aus den USA. Sie setzt sich während des Coronavirus-Ausbruchs für den Aufbau einer landesweiten Gemeinschaft für gegenseitige Unterstützung und für die Stärkung der Arbeiter_innenklasse ein. Wir sind eine Katastrophenhilfsorganisation, die sich im Besitz und unter der Kontrolle arbeitender Menschen befindet. Unsere Forderungen an jeden Gouverneur und jede Gouverneurin in allen Bundesstaaten sind extrem einfach: Einfrieren der Miete, der Hypotheken und Rechnungen für 2 Monate. Oder es droht ein Mietstreik.“
|
||||
|
||||
NORDAMERIKA: [Karte](https://5demands.global/map/) der Mietstreikkampagne in den Vereinigten Staaten und Kanada.
|
||||
|
||||
BARCELONA (SP): [Sindicat de Llogaters i llogateres di Barcellona (SP)](https://suspensionalquileres.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
KANARISCHE INSELN (SP): [Sindicato de Inquilinas de Gran Canaria](https://sindicatodeinquilinasgc.noblogs.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
MIETSTREIK LONDON (GB): [Londoner Mieter_innen-Solidaritätsgruppe](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xeuawLzeCM4CsWucPQlPIvy1z-qKwsvQqaVkI-ZKz4M/edit?fbclid=IwAR0AvyNnxCYK3eA9d87w5bLkpO_WNH79xEEIvsLGwnKJi44Z10en14KAF3M)
|
||||
|
||||
ITALIEN: Eine schnell wachsende Bewegung organisiert einen italienischen Mietstreik. Ein inklusiver Telegram-Chat dient dazu, zahlreiche regionale Gruppen zu koordinieren und Menschen beim Streik zu unterstützen. [Anleitungen und Informationen](https://scioperodegliaffitti.noblogs.org/files/2020/04/ScioperoAffitti2020_materiali01042020_ENG.pdf) sind auf einer [Website](https://scioperodegliaffitti.noblogs.org/) verfügbar, ein regelmässiger Austausch findet über Jitsi statt. Interessant ist, dass sich die Bewegung sowohl an Mieter_innen als auch an Eigentümer_innen wendet.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Auch die Mieter_innengewerkschaft [ASSOCIAZIONI INQUILINI E ABITANTI](https://asia.usb.it/) hat eine Kampagne gestartet, in der eine Aussetzung der Miete gefordert wird.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
LONDON (GB): Die [Londoner Mieter_innenvereinigung](https://londonrentersunion.org/c19rentcrisis/?mc_cid=55962e70e7&mc_eid=849a8a3b8f) hat eine Checkliste zu den Rechten von Mieter_innen während der Coronavirus-Pandemie und eine Briefvorlage vorbereitet. Beides kann für die Verhandlung mit Vermietern_innen verwendet werden.
|
||||
|
||||
BAY AREA, Kalifornien (USA): Die Bewohner_innen der Bay Area schließen sich zusammen, um zu einem flächendeckenden Streik in der Region aufzurufen. Sie stellen Karten und Streikressourcen zur Verfügung.[#BayAreaRentStrike](https://bayarearentstrike.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
KROATIEN: In einem Petitionsschreiben hat die Gruppe "Right to the City"-Zagreb die Regierung aufgefordert, [alle Räumungen, Hypotheken- und Mietzahlungen für alle von der Pandemie Betroffenen auszusetzen und Wohnungen für Obdachlose bereitzustellen](https://pravonagrad.org/four-requirements-for-the-safety-of-home-during-the-crisis/). Da der kroatische Mietmarkt überwiegend ein Schwarzmarkt ist, hat "Right to the City"-Zagreb auch eine Facebook-Gruppe zur [gegenseitigen Unterstützung von Mieter_innen](https://www.facebook.com/groups/podstanarizapodstanare/) ins Leben gerufen. In der Gruppe können sich Mieter_innen organisieren und sich mit ihren Rechten vertraut machen.
|
||||
|
||||
# Weitere Berichte
|
||||
|
||||
ITALIEN: Der Mieter_innenverband [Unione Inquilini](http://www.unioneinquilini.it/index.php?id=9039) hat in einem offenen Brief an den Papst gefordert, dass der Vatikan während der Quarantäne auf den Einzug von Mieten verzichtet und die leeren Wohneinheiten in seinem Besitz Obdachlosen und Infizierten zur Verfügung stellt. Der Vatikan besitzt 20% des italienischen Immobilienvermögens (rund 115.000 Wohngebäude).
|
||||
|
||||
Das Nachrichtenportal [Off Topic](https://www.offtopiclab.org/) reagierte auf einen Aufruf der Gemeinde Mailand (die nach leere Wohnungen sucht, um dem zunehmenden Wohnungsnotstand in der Stadt zu begegnen) mit einer Infografik: In ihr sind alle derzeit verfügbaren 6489 leeren Airbnb-Wohnungen aufgeführt. Die Karte wurde mit [Inside Airbnb](http://insideairbnb.com/about.htm) erstellt(einem unabhängigen, nicht-kommerziellen Tool- und Datensatz, mit dem eruiert werden kann, wie Airbnb tatsächlich genutzt wird).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Kommentare
|
||||
|
||||
(Kritische theoretische und analytische Texte - bisweilen nicht Corona-spezifisch, doch immer mit einem Fokus auf die hier behandelten Themen)
|
||||
|
||||
[Rent Strike? A Strategic Appraisal of Rent Strikes throughout History—and Today](https://crimethinc.com/2020/03/30/rent-strike-a-strategic-appraisal-of-rent-strikes-throughout-history-and-today)
|
||||
|
||||
# Weitere Resourcen
|
||||
(Links zu anderen Repositorien, Syllabi, praktischen Ratschlägen, how-tos, etc.)
|
||||
|
||||
[Broschüre der Food-not-Rent-Kampagne, L.A. (USA)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/165eYVkW13yzrES7q5ZZaWVFSLFYqYnP2RBzhyQSRIWM/edit?fbclid=IwAR0p89PaG5vJwtZ-jSRo0xLIPFjx7xpaeoU5AFPQ4219TXdWkxydh0oMxow)
|
||||
|
||||
"Eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung, wie du dich so gut wie möglich schützts, wenn du während der COVID-Krise keine Miete zahlen kannst. Nachstehend findest du eine Vorlage für ein Schreiben an deine Vermieter_in, mit dem du ihn/sie darüber informieren kannst, dass du deine Miete diesen Monat nicht bezahlen wirst. Ausserdem findest du hier Informationen, wie du an den Treffen der Ortsverbände der L.A. Tenants Union teilnehmen kannst, damit deine Entscheidung nicht zu bezahlen oder deine Zahlungsunfähigkeit mit der Situation von anderen Mieter_innen in ganz L.A. abgestimmt werden kann. Du bist nicht allein. Gemeinsam können wir den Mietverzicht fordern, den wir so dringend benötigen. Teile diese Broschüre mit deiner Familie, Freund_innen und Nachbar_innen."
|
||||
|
||||
[Toolkit der 5-Demands-Kampagne (USA)](https://5demands.global/toolkit/)
|
||||
|
||||
"Das Toolkit ist eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung mit Links zu organisatorischen Werkzeugen und Online-Ressourcen, die dir dabei helfen können, innerhalb deiner Gemeinschaften kollektivmacht aufzubauen und diese gegen Vermieter_innen einzusetzen."
|
||||
|
||||
[Resourcen- und Organisations-Package für die Pandemia 2020 #CANCELRENT #RENTSTRIKE #CANTPAYWONTPAY (USA)](https://www.docdroid.net/eI8KpcZ/rent-strike-resource-pack-for-2020-pandemic-pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
"Da 59% der Amerikaner_innen von Gehaltsscheck zu Gehaltsscheck leben und da so viele Menschen zur Zeit in häuslicher Isolation leben, ist es offensichtlich, dass viele für einige Zeit nicht in der Lage sein werden, ihre Mieten oder Hypotheken zu bezahlen. Zwar haben viele Staaten 90-tägige Räumungsmoratorien und Bleiberecht für Hypothekengläubiger verabschiedet, doch gibt es immer noch wenig Schutz für private Mieter_innen (während führende Einzelhändler schon seit längere, angekündigt haben, dass sie keine Miete mehr zahlen werden). Sicherlich werden einige in der Lage sein, die Dinge mit mitfühlenden Vermietern zu regeln, aber viele werden sich zusammenschließen müssen, um Widerstand üben zu können. Dieses Dokument ist für euch alle (länderübergreifend)."
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Gegenseitige Hilfe und Sexarbeit"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*There is an English version of this document: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Die Arbeitsbedingungen während der Pandemie
|
||||
|
||||
Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat dramatische Auswirkungen auf das Leben von Sexarbeitenden. Aufgrund der allgemeinen Kriminalisierung der Sexarbeit gehören Sexarbeitende zu der Gruppe von Menschen, die am stärksten von der Pandemie betroffen sind. Die meisten der #sexworkers haben keinen Zugang zu den Sozialleistungs-Paketen, die von den Regierungen als Notfallmaßnahmen gesprochen wurden. Für sie beginnt nun eine Zeit der Verzweiflung und Angst: Viele Sexarbeitende – einige von ihnen jung, meist Frauen und Transsexuelle – sind Migrant_innen. Sie sind allein und ohne ein familiäres Netzwerk, auf das sie sich verlassen können; viele der Frauen sind Mütter, die mit ihrer Arbeit die Familie ernähren.
|
||||
In diesen Wochen und in der Zeit danach wird die #Notlage viele Sexarbeitende an den Rand des Abgrunds, zu immer gravierenderen Zuständen von Not und Armut, bringen. Menschen, die sich in freier, einvernehmlicher oder erzwungener Form prostituieren, befinden sich bereits jetzt in einer Position erhöhter menschlicher und sozialer Verwundbarkeit. Jetzt sind sie dem Risiko ausgesetzt, in extreme Armut zu geraten. Einige von ihnen sind gezwungen, ihre Arbeit aus schierer Not wieder aufzunehmen, wobei sie die epidemiologischen Maßnahmen missachten, sich der Strafverfolgung aussetzen, ihre eigene und die allgemeine Gesundheit riskieren.
|
||||
Aus diesen Gründen organisieren sich in vielen Ländern Gruppen, Verbände und Gewerkschaften zur Unterstützung der Sexarbeitenden. Neben der Verteilung von Lebensmitteln und Medikamenten haben verschiedene Initiativen gemeinschaftliche Hilfs- und Spendenfonds eröffnet, um die Sexarbeitende finanziell zu unterstützen.
|
||||
|
||||
# Dies sind einige Beispiele:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Schweiz:
|
||||
|
||||
* [ProKoRe, FIZ und Xenia Spendenaufruf](https://www.sexwork.ch/de/)
|
||||
|
||||
„Die Krise und das damit verbundene Arbeitsverbot treffen Sexarbeitende hart. Wegen fehlenden Einkünften und dem Verlust des Arbeits- und teils Wohnortes droht vielen Armut, Obdachlosigkeit oder Abhängigkeit. Viele fallen komplett durch das staatliche Unterstützungsnetzwerk und sind auf sich allein gestellt. Sie befinden sich in einer prekären Lage und brauchen jetzt Hilfe. Prokore, FIZ und Xenia richten darum einen schweizweiten Notfonds für Obdach, Lebensmittel und medizinische Betreuung ein. Die Beratungstellen des Prokore-Netzwerks werden dann die Nothilfe an Sexarbeiter_innen verteilen.“
|
||||
|
||||
* [SPENDE!](https://www.sexwork.ch/de/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Deutschland:
|
||||
|
||||
* [BesD Nothilfe Fonds](https://berufsverband-sexarbeit.de/index.php/wissen/besdnotfallfonds/)
|
||||
|
||||
„Ein hoher Anteil von Menschen in der Sexarbeit leben von der Hand in den Mund. Viele sind nicht krankenversichert, nicht angemeldet und bereits von Armut betroffen. Wir wollen helfen. Deshalb haben wir den BesD Nothilfe Fonds ins Leben gerufen. Aktuell liegt unser Schwerpunkt darin, gemeinsam die Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise auf Sexarbeitende zu bekämpfen. Mit der deutschlandweiten Schließung aller Prostitutionsstätten, der Verschärfung von Arbeitsverboten, dem Rückgang der Nachfrage, sowie dem steigenden Risiko der Arbeitsausübung, kämpfen jetzt die Ärmsten der Armen um ihr Überleben. Sämtliche Spenden gehen an Sexarbeitende in Notsituationen.“
|
||||
|
||||
* [SPENDE!](https://berufsverband-sexarbeit.de/index.php/wissen/besdnotfallfonds/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Italien:
|
||||
|
||||
* Solidarietà immediata alle lavoratrici sessuali più colpite dall'emergenza! [Ombre Rosse](https://www.facebook.com/nessunadasola/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
"Wir wollen das Schweigen brechen und allen Sexarbeitenden zur Seite stehen, die in dieser Notsituation am verletzlichsten sind. Aus diesem Grund lancieren wir ein Solidaritätsnetzwerk, das konkret helfen möchte. Über die nationale Plattform gegen Menschenhandel, über Verbände und Kollektive, die sich seit Jahren für die Unterstützung von Personen in der komplexen Realität der Sexarbeit einsetzen, sollen möglichst viele Menschen erreicht werden. **Alle gespendeten Gelder werden verwendet, um männliche und weibliche Arbeitnehmer in Situationen extremer Not finanziell und materiell zu unterstützen**."
|
||||
|
||||
#neveralone #supportsexworker
|
||||
|
||||
* [SPENDE!](https://www.produzionidalbasso.com/project/covid19-nessuna-da-sola-solidarieta-immediata-alle-lavoratrici-sessuali-piu-colpite-dall-emergenza/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Frankreich:
|
||||
|
||||
* Fonds d'action sociale pour les personnes trans [Acceptess Transgenres](https://www.facebook.com/acceptess.transgenres/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
"FAST (Fonds d'action sociale pour les personnes trans) ist ein gutes Beispiel dafür, in welchem Maße die unsichtbarsten und von sozialer Ungleichheit am stärksten betroffenen Bevölkerungsgruppen Hilfe benötigen. Die Stiftung wurde nicht in direktem Zusammenhang mit Covid-19 geschaffen. Sie reagiert auf Probleme, die schon immer da waren und sich durch die Pandemie verstärkt haben.“
|
||||
|
||||
* [SPENDE!](https://www.acceptess-t.com/aide-sociale?fbclid=IwAR0YwKVixwKAGWzM25gQrpeZVrSrw1BaNNzWIC46n6qMem3qUsamsUmYLnc)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Grossbritannien:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Helfen Sie uns, einen Härtefonds für Sexarbeitende in der Krise aufzubauen! [SWARM COLLECTIVE](https://www.swarmcollective.org/blog/2020/3/14/help-us-build-a-hardship-fund-for-sex-workers-in-crisis)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://i.imgur.com/5zZHpVd.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
"SWARM ruft einen Härtefonds ins Leben, um den Sexarbeitenden zu helfen, die am bedürftigsten sind. Alle Spenden, die vom 13. März bis 30. April an SWARM gemacht werden, gehen direkt an diesen Fonds. Sie dienen der gegenseitigen Hilfe von und für Sexarbeiternde/n in Großbritannien, die sich in großer finanzieller Not befinden. Wir bitten um Spenden von Unterstützer_innen unserer Sache, von Organisationen und von anderen Sexarbeiternden, die sich in der Lage fühlen, zu helfen. Bitte unterstützen Sie die Gemeinschaft der Sexarbeitenden in dieser unsicheren Zeit".
|
||||
|
||||
* [SPENDE!](https://www.swarmcollective.org/donate)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Spanien:
|
||||
|
||||
* Fondo de Emergencia para las Trabajadoras Sexuales [OTRAS](http://sindicatootras.org/blog/?fondo-de-emergencia-para-las-trabajadoras-sexuales&fbclid=IwAR2jpm1m3FgonrkO4WkPhgSFSe8a_t2Sz5u3T3Wno1w_8Nr1EnSdqpgpMW8)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://i.imgur.com/1qh2HE2.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
"Als Sexarbeiternde – oft mehrfach benachteilight aufgrund unseres Migrationshintergrunds, wegen unserer Rasse, Klassen- und Geschlechtsidentität – sind wir besonders anfällig für diese Pandemie: Da wir nicht als Arbeitende mit Rechten gelten, sind wir für den Staat komplett unsichtbar.“
|
||||
|
||||
* [SPENDE!](https://www.gofundme.com/f/vv9w4r)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Quellen
|
||||
|
||||
* [La quarantena ha lasciato le sex worker completamente senza tutele](https://thesubmarine.it/2020/04/18/quarantena-sex-worker-senza-tutele/)
|
||||
|
||||
* [I giorni difficili delle lavoratrici del sesso](https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/alice-facchini/2020/04/03/coronavirus-sesso-lavoratrici-lavoratori)
|
||||
|
||||
* [Italian campaign for the emergency fund page of “No-one left behind! COVID19-Solidarity with the sex workers most affected by the Covid19 emergency](https://tampep.eu/italian-campaign-for-the-emergency-fund-page-of-no-one-left-behind-covid19-solidarity-with-the-sex-workers-most-affected-by-the-covid19-emergency/)
|
||||
|
||||
* [Face au Covid-19, les travailleuses et travailleurs du sexe en péril](https://www.frustrationmagazine.fr/face-au-covid-19-les-travailleuses-et-travailleurs-du-sexe-en-peril/)
|
||||
|
||||
* [TOUCHÉES DE PLEIN FOUET PAR LA COVID-19, LES TRAVAILLEUSES DU SEXE S’ORGANISENT](https://urbania.fr/article/touchees-de-plein-fouet-par-la-covid-19-les-travailleuses-du-sexe-sorganisent)
|
||||
|
||||
* [#4AnsLoiProstitution](https://strass-syndicat.org/communiques-de-presse/4ansloiprostitution-4-ans-de-trop-notre-colere-est-intacte-notre-mobilisation-aussi/)
|
||||
|
||||
* [COVID-19: SEX WORKERS NEED IMMEDIATE FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND PROTECTION](http://www.sexworkeurope.org/news/news-region/covid-19-sex-workers-need-immediate-financial-support-and-protection)
|
||||
|
||||
* [Sex work, Covid-19 and the UK lockdown](https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4638-sex-work-covid-19-and-the-uk-lockdown)
|
||||
|
||||
* [How COVID-19 Is Driving Sex Workers Like Me Into Crisis](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sex-workers-covid-19-coronavirus_n_5e6f653ac5b6bd8156fbbdc5?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi51bmVzY28ub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAABnpqa3Fb87Zbg_jW6fg4lAT2qy49awwjL8VBDkvVfhbzGXOVkL45mzwtwuukG7bOd4fkqCiVx4f560xnyAMwrHIXAhB5BPZD3R64dtkrXN4secX90ESWUhPKjwrhbb6_q-laGH4cLp3cpr0bCw-2buVoe8nn88ioWhOX3Qc1FJn)
|
||||
|
||||
* [Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Violence against Women and Girls](http://www.sddirect.org.uk/media/1881/vawg-helpdesk-284-covid-19-and-vawg.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
* [Bangladesh: Sex workers appeal for funds amid coronavirus crisis](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/bangladesh-sex-workers-appeal-funds-coronavirus-crisis-200323174908994.html)
|
||||
|
||||
* [Japan is offering sex workers financial aid. But they say it's not enough to survive the coronavirus pandemic](https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/19/asia/japan-sex-workers-coronavirus-intl-hnk/index.html)
|
||||
|
||||
* [COVID-19 responses must uphold and protect the human rights of sex workers](https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2020/april/20200424_sex-work)
|
||||
|
||||
* [How Sex Workers Are Using Mutual Aid to Respond to the Coronavirus](https://www.thenation.com/article/society/sex-workers-coronavirus/)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Eine Solidaritätsküche organisieren"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
*This document is also available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Reflektionen der Kooperative Birmingham (GB) [^1]
|
||||
|
||||
# Covid-19, eine "nicht-so-natürliche" Katastrophe
|
||||
|
||||
Die globale Covid-19-Pandemie wird von den Regierungen bekämpft und in den Medien mitunter auch als Naturkatastrophe dargestellt. Und in gewisser Weise haben sie Recht: Wie Wissenschaftler_innen vorhersagten, hat der rasche Wandel der klimatischen Bedingungen ein günstiges Umfeld für die Ausbreitung des Virus geschaffen. Aber auch andere Faktoren haben zur Krankheit, ihrer Übertragung und zur relativ hohen Sterblichkeitsrate beigetragen: Der globale Kapitalismus und die damit einhergehende hektische Bewegung von Menschen und Gütern; der endemische Mangel an Finanzierung der öffentlichen Gesundheitssysteme in vielen Ländern (oder schlichtweg deren Privatisierung); die kulturelle Neigung zu häufigen sozialen Kontakten; der fehlende Zugang zu grundlegenden Gütern wie gesunden Lebensmitteln oder sauberem Wasser und Luft. Kritische Geograph_innen entdeckten bereits vor Jahrzehnten, dass Naturkatastrophen nicht rein naturbedingt, sondern zu einem großen Teil sozial konstruiert sind. Oder wie es Neil Smith in seinem Bericht über den Hurrikan Katrina ausdrückt - Naturkatastrophen verursachen nicht nur wahllose Zerstörung, "sondern vertiefen und untergraben auch die Furchen der sozialen Unterschiede, auf die sie treffen". [^2]
|
||||
|
||||
# Durch Katastrophen zur Solidarität
|
||||
|
||||
Es gibt jedoch eine hoffnungsvollere Seite von Naturkatastrophen, die sich über zeitliche und geografische Skalen hinweg zu reproduzieren scheint: die Solidarität und Zusammenarbeit gewisser Teile der Bevölkerung. In Extremsituationen, in denen die soziale Ordnung vorübergehend gestört ist, neigen Menschen dazu, sich gemeinsam zu organisieren, um ihre Grundbedürfnisse zu befriedigen und ihr kollektives Überleben zu sichern.[^3] Auch wenn in allen Hilfsangeboten ein guter Wille steckt, beweist die aktuelle Situation, dass guter Wille allein nicht ausreicht. Ein offensichtlicher Mangel an Erfahrung mit politischer Partizipation und strukturierter Organisation beim Großteil der Bevölkerung verringert in Grossbritannien den Effekt gemeinschaftlicher Hilfeleistungen.
|
||||
|
||||
Nehmen wir als Beispiel die Facebook- oder WhatsApp-Gruppen, die geschaffen wurden, um die Bewohner_innen einer Straße oder eines städtischen Gebiets miteinander zu verbinden. Obwohl sie nützlich sein könnten, um einigen Menschen in Selbstisolierung den Zugang zu grundlegenden Gütern zu erleichtern, ist die Reichweite dieser Gruppen sehr begrenzt. Die Art von Solidarität, die in ihrem Rahmen gelebt wird, ist ausschließlich lokal, die Koordination zwischen den einzelnen Netzwerken ist mangelhaft. Darüber hinaus machen es Faktoren wie der ungleiche Zugang zu und die mangelnde Fähigkeit in der Nutzung von Technologie für einige schwierig oder unmöglich sich aktiv zu beteiligen. Letztlich neigen diese Gruppen dazu, von einigen wenigen Bewohner_innen übernommen zu werden, die die Interaktionen dominieren und/oder über die Reichweite der Gruppe - und damit auch ihre potentielle Wirksamkeit – bestimmen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Wie eine Solidaritätsküche organisiert wird
|
||||
|
||||
Im Bewusstsein der vorhergehend beschriebenen Dynamiken und der Tatsache, dass Struktur und Zweck Schlüsselfaktoren für gegenseitige Hilfsbemühungen sind, hat die Kooperative Birmingham kürzlich mehrere Basisorganisationen und Arbeitnehmerkooperativen zusammengeführt, um eine Solidaritätsküche zu gründen. Finanziert mit Spenden, die über eine Online-Plattform [^4] gesammelt wurden, bieten wir Menschen in Selbstisolation in Birmingham warme Mahlzeiten an. Wir stellen keine Fragen, wir nehmen kein Geld, wir praktizieren Solidarität ohne Bedingungen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Sicherung des Zugangs zu einer professionellen Küche
|
||||
|
||||
Zwei infrastrukturelle Dimensionen sind für die Organisation der Solidaritätsküche der Kooperative Birmingham von grundlegender Bedeutung: die physische und die politische Infrastruktur. So selbstverständlich es auch klingen mag: Um gekochte Mahlzeiten anbieten zu können, braucht man eine Küche. Und je grösser und besser ausgestattet sie ist, desto mehr Mahlzeiten kann man anbieten. Der Schlüssel zum Erfolg des Projekts ist daher die Beteiligung des Warehouse Cafe, das als Arbeiterkooperative und Basis für mehrere linke und Umweltorganisationen organisiert ist. Durch die vorübergehende Schließung des Betriebs bei Ausbruch der Pandemie haben wir Zugang zu einer professionellen Küche erhalten.
|
||||
|
||||
## Soziale Maßnahmen fördern die Solidarität
|
||||
|
||||
Auch viele der Arbeiter_innen des Cafés (einschließlich der Köch_innen), die derzeit beurlaubt sind, tragen mit ihrer Arbeit zu dem Projekt bei. Ausserdem unterstützen uns über 40 Freiwillige regelmäßig, indem sie Essen kochen, die Küche reinigen, Mahlzeiten ausliefern und im *back office* arbeiten. Diese ständig wachsende Gruppe setzt sich zu einem Grossteil aus Personen zusammen, die in der gegenwärtigen Situation nicht in der Lage sind, Lohnarbeit zu verrichten. Diese Tatsache zeigt, wie wichtig es ist, soziale Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, die auf die Deckung der Grundbedürfnisse von Arbeiter_innen ausgerichtet sind: Sie fördern die Solidarität und die gegenseitige Hilfe und haben eine Wirkung, die über das wirtschaftliche Kalkül hinausgeht.
|
||||
|
||||
## Organisieren - horizontal, praktisch und offen
|
||||
|
||||
Was die politischen Infrastrukturen betrifft, ist die Organisationserfahrung der meisten unserer Mitglieder der Schlüssel für den Erfolg des Projekts. Wir arbeiten auf einer idealerweise horizontalen, aber faktisch geschichteten Struktur der Entscheidungsfindung. Entscheidungen werden durch eine Mischung aus Konsens und Dringlichkeit gefällt. Die wichtigsten Entscheidungen werden in offenen Online-Sitzungen getroffen, die in der Regel dreimal pro Woche stattfinden. Für kleinere Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der täglichen Arbeit haben wir Arbeitsgruppen gebildet, die ein gewisses Maß an Autonomie haben und denen spezifische Aufgaben zugewiesen werden. Die Auswertung und Diskussion der Arbeitsvorgänge in den offenen Sitzungen ermöglicht es allen Mitgliedern, einerseits über die allgemeine Ausrichtung des Projekts, andererseits aber auch über spezifische praktische Fragen nachzudenken.
|
||||
|
||||
Die fließende Interaktion zwischen den offenen Sitzungen und den Arbeitsgruppen vermeidet eine Machtkumulierung und stellt sicher, dass die politische Ausrichtung des Projekts auf dem richtigen Weg bleibt. Es ist wichtig anzuerkennen, dass alle unsere politischen Infrastrukturen offen sind, und wir ermutigen sowohl die freiwilligen Helfer_innen als auch die Benutzer_innen der Küche, sich einer Arbeitsgruppe anzuschließen und an den offenen Sitzungen teilzunehmen.
|
||||
|
||||
## Kommunikation
|
||||
|
||||
Entscheidend für das reibungslose Funktionieren unserer politischen Infrastrukturen ist die Technologie. Wir unterhalten ein offenes Online-Forum[^5], in dem jede und jeder, der an einer Teilnahme an der Solidaritätsküche interessiert oder einfach nur neugierig darauf ist, einen Blick auf die Form unserer politischen Struktur werfen, einer Arbeitsgruppe beitreten und die Sitzungsprotokolle lesen kann. Wir nutzen auch soziale Medien: um Transparenz zu gewährleisten, um neue Nutzer_innen zu erreichen und um Freiwillige anzuwerben. Und natürlich stellen Instant-Messaging-Anwendungen eine dringend benötigte Brücke zwischen der politischen und der physischen Infrastruktur dar.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Stadträte, die soziale Dienste auf die Allgemeinheit auslagern
|
||||
|
||||
Unsere Solidaritätsküche funktioniert natürlich nicht immer perfekt, und wir versuchen, aus unseren Fehlern zu lernen und Lücken zu füllen. Es war schwierig, mit einer enormen Arbeitsbelastung über mehrere Ebenen der Beteiligung fertigzuwerden. Einige Organisator_innen standen bald vor einem Burnout. Der Stadtrat von Birmingham hat uns in eine sehr schwierige Situation gebracht, denn er weist jegliche Verantwortung von sich und überlässt es den Bürger_innen, mit der Krise umzugehen. Anstatt eine Hilfsaktion von ausreichendem Umfang durchzuführen, die den größten Teil der gefährdeten Bevölkerung in Birmingham erreichen würde, hat der Stadtrat die Menschen auf kommunale Bemühungen wie die unsere verwiesen. Bereits am zweiten Betriebstag der Solidaritätsküche, begann der Stadtrat damit, Anfragen direkt an uns weiterzuleiten. Dies bedeutete einen Anstieg der Versorgungsanfragen um über 500% – quasi über Nacht. Gleichzeitig erhielten wir einen Anruf eines Mitarbeiters der Stadtverwaltung, der uns Unterstützung für unsere Solidaritätsküche anbot. Doch unsere Aufgabe ist das Füllen von Lücken, nicht das Übernehmen von Aufgaben. Mittlerweile mussten wir die Nahrungsmittellieferungen auf etwa 100 tägliche Mahlzeiten begrenzen, und wir versuchen, neue Mitglieder einzubeziehen und Freiwillige zu rekrutieren, um die Nachhaltigkeit des Projekts und eine kontrollierte Ausweitung zu gewährleisten. In dieser Situation sind wir mit einer Verantwortung überfordert, die nicht auf uns fallen sollte und die in keinem Verhältnis zu unserer Kapazität steht, was sich auf unser physisches und emotionales Wohlbefinden auswirkt.
|
||||
|
||||
# Eine Perspektive jenseits der gegenwärtigen Krise
|
||||
|
||||
Zugleich aber macht diese systemische Externalisierung sozialer Dienstleistungen auf die Bewohner_innen einer Stadt die Existenz politisierter gegenseitiger Hilfsprojekte wichtiger denn je. Denn es geht uns nicht nur darum, auf die aktuelle Krise zu reagieren, sondern wir müssen darüber hinausblicken. Was nach dem unmittelbaren Gesundheitsnotstand auf uns wartet, ist eine Wirtschaftskrise von beispiellosem Ausmaß, die das kapitalistische System, wie wir es kennen, verändern wird. Sozioökonomische Rekonfigurationen, die auf Katastrophen und Krisen folgen, bieten den Eliten traditionell "eine Gelegenheit, ihre Macht zurückzuerobern und sogar zu vermehren".[^6] Dennoch stellt die Situation auch für uns eine Chance dar, die wir versuchen sollten, zu nutzen. Wir brauchen kollektive Unterstützungsorganisationen wie die Cooperation Birmingham, um zu starken alternativen Institutionen werden zu können. Nur so lässt sich die Macht der politischen Eliten unter der Arbeiterklasse umverteilen. Wir müssen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ausarbeitung der neuen Regeln der kommenden Welt spielen. Eine Welt, die von der schlimmsten Wirtschaftskrise unserer Zeit und vom Klimawandel bestimmt wird, eine unsichere Welt, in der das ausgeklügelte System der sozialen Ordnung zu zerbrechen beginnt.[^7] Eine Welt der Hoffnung.
|
||||
|
||||
# Fussnoten
|
||||
[^1]: https://cooperationbirmingham.org.uk/
|
||||
[^2]: [Neil Smith: "There’s No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster"](https://items.ssrc.org/understanding-katrina/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-natural-disaster/)
|
||||
[^3]: [Rebeca Solnit (2010). *A Paradise Built In Hell. The Extraordinary Communities That Arise In Disaster*. Penguin Books.](http://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/7951fc75-1b97-4859-93e7-02b2fcfbbef6)
|
||||
[^4]: https://www.gofundme.com/f/cooperation-birmingham-mutual-aid-kitchen
|
||||
[^5]: https://forum.cooperationbirmingham.org.uk/
|
||||
[^6]: [Ashley Dawson (2017: 257). *Extreme cities: The peril and promise of urban life in the age of climate change. Verso Books.*](http://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/103a590d-1468-46d5-9c13-d0e228e59881)
|
||||
[^7]: [John Holloway (2010). Crack Capitalism. Pluto Press.](http://93.174.95.29/main/785D482DC68EEF043E865E6853A7EF17)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Technologie und Wissenschaft in Zeiten von COVID-19"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questa sessione è disponibile anche in italiano:*
|
||||
|
||||
*This session is also available in English:*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Die Politik von und hinter Technologien wird in einer Zeit wie dieser viel offensichtlicher. Da wir es etwa vermeiden, in Läden einkaufen zu gehen und direkten menschlichen Kontakt zu haben, findet eine Verlagerung zur digitalen Kommunikation, zu Plattforminfrastrukturen und automatisierten Prozessen statt. Diese wird zwangsläufig langfristige Auswirkungen auf das technologische Ökosystem und noch größere Auswirkungen auf die Arbeit haben. Die immer wiederkehrenden technologiepolitischen Bedenken gegenüber Lock-ins, Netzneutralität, Datenüberwachung, die Frage des Besitzes von Daten – etwa die Forderung nach öffentlicher Eigentümer_innenschaft der Kommunikationsinfrastruktur – und die Kritik an der etablierten Macht technologischer Oligopole werden in dieser Situation erneut manifest. Und dies noch deutlicher als in Zeiten, in denen unsere digitalen Infrastrukturen reibungslos funktionieren.
|
||||
|
||||
Diese Session enthält im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Sessions keine praktischen Tipps (es sei denn, du bist Ingenieur. Sie bildet ein Archiv mit relevanten Nachrichten, die helfen können, gemeinsame Debatten und Überlegungen darüber anzustellen, welche Forderungen wir gemeinsam für eine gerechtere technologiepolitische Zukunft stellen sollten.
|
||||
|
||||
# Konnektivität
|
||||
|
||||
Online-Videokonferenzen sind in den Vordergrund gerückt. Viele Management-Strategien rund um COVID-19 beinhalten die verstärkte Nutzung von VPNs und Online-Videochats, die auf eine digitale Infrastruktur angewiesen sind. Eine wachsende Zahl von Hochschulen verlagert den Unterricht auf Online-Plattformen. Doch nur wenige von uns sind sich der zusätzlichen Belastung, die der erhöhte Datenverkehr auf die Kapazität des Netzes und der einzelnen Anbieter ausübt, bewusst. Auch fragen sie sich selten, wie sich die Belastung auf diejenigen mit langsamerem oder eingeschränkterem Zugang auswirkt. In dieser Situation finden sich wichtige Online-Dienste, zum Beispiel Telefonkonferenzen zwischen Ärzten und Patienten, plötzlich im Kapazitäts-Wettbewerb mit weniger wichtigen Anwendungen und Spielen. In China etwa wurden mehrere grosse [Abstürze](https://www.abacusnews.com/culture/worlds-biggest-online-population-staying-home-and-chinas-internet-cant-cope/article/3050947) gemeldet.
|
||||
|
||||
Die öffentliche Gesundheit und Sicherheit haben bei der Bewältigung des COVID-19-Ausbruchs oberste Priorität. Rechenzentren spielen hier eine wichtige Rolle, da sie unverzichtbare Technologie zur Unterstützung der Notfallkommunikation für öffentliche Einrichtungen, Notfalldienste und 911-Systeme bereitstellen. Auch große Krankenhäuser verlassen sich bei der Speicherung und Übertragung von Daten und Bildern auf Rechenzentren. Nur wenige sind sich bewusst, dass auch Rechenzentren unter einem enormen Druck stehen: Sie müssen weiterhin nahtlose Dienste anbieten und gleichzeitig ihr Personal schützen.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [Data Centers Prepare Contingencies for Coronavirus Spread](https://datacenterfrontier.com/silicon-valley-data-centers-prepare-contingencies-for-coronavirus-spread/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Die Rolle der Konnektivität ist etwas, das kollektiv reflektiert und verhandelt werden möchte. Einen möglichen Einstieg dafür bietet Ian Alan Paul:
|
||||
|
||||
> Es scheint, dass mindestens zwei neue Arten von Subjektivität bereits begonnen haben, Gestalt anzunehmen. Sie konstituieren sich gegenseitig, sind eng miteinander verbunden, und sie werden von den informatischen Infrastrukturen und Maschinerien geprägt, die heute einen Großteil unserer planetarischen Gesellschaft durchwirken und organisieren. Zum einen manifestiert sich das häusliche/verbundene Subjekt, das in seiner Beschränkung auf das Zuhause dazu gedrängt wird, neue Wege zu erfinden, um sich mit der virtualisierten Ökonomie zu verbinden und daran an ihr teilzunehmen. Zum anderen tritt das mobile/verfügbare Subjekt immer deutlicher hervor, das der Pandemie als Zirkulations-System dient. Es ist ein Subjekt, das immer verletzlicher und prekärer wird, da es gezwungen ist, sich mit immer größerer Geschwindigkeit zu bewegen. Damit das häusliche/verbundene Subjekt sich materiell versorgen kann, muss es sich mit dem mobilen/verfügbaren Subjekt verbinden, das die materiellen Mindestbedürfnisse der Gesellschaft erfüllt und gleichzeitig die soziale Möglichkeit eines isolierten aber vernetzten häuslichen Lebens gewährleistet.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [The Corona Reboot](https://www.ianalanpaul.com/the-corona-reboot/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Roboter, Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und die Automatisierung des Gesundheitswesens
|
||||
|
||||
Während der Unternehmenssektor die Vorteile digitaler Werkzeuge für das Gesundheitswesen betont, werden folgende Themen häufig vermieden: Die Überwachungs- und Datenerfassungs-Politik; den privaten Besitz von Schlüssel-Software und -werkzeugen, die für Krankenhäuser wichtig sind; den Verlust von Arbeitsplätzen im Pflegebereich und die Auswirkungen auf die Qualität der Pflege, wenn sie durch externe Dienste automatisiert und ferngesteuert wird.
|
||||
|
||||
IN CHINA:
|
||||
Chinesische Technologieriesen beschleunigen im Zuge des Corona-Ausbruchs ihre Bemühungen im Bereich der Gesundheitstechnologie –von Cloud Computing bis hin zu künstlicher Intelligenz (KI). Riesenunternehmen wie Alibaba, Baidu, Tencent, Huawei und DiDi haben neue, gesundheitstechnische Features eingeführt – etwa in Hinblick auf die Diagnose des und das Finden eines Impfstoffes gegen das Coronavirus.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [China’s giants from Alibaba to Tencent ramp up health tech efforts to battle coronavirus](https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/04/coronavirus-china-alibaba-tencent-baidu-boost-health-tech-efforts.html)
|
||||
|
||||
Krankenhäuser in 10 chinesischen Provinzen vertrauen einem Roboter-Trio, um die Ausbreitung des Virus aufzuhalten: Ein Roboter wird zur Verteilung von Lebensmitteln eingesetzt, einer für die zur Desinfektion und vom dritten lässt man sich so führen, dass unnötiger menschlicher Kontakt vermieden werden kann.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [In China’s hospitals, robots are helping to halt the spread of coronavirus](https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/trio-of-robots-china-hospitals/)
|
||||
|
||||
China hat sich zum weltweit größten und am schnellsten wachsenden Markt für Industrierobotik entwickelt. Das Land verzeichnet einen Anstieg um 21% auf 5,4 Milliarden Dollar im Jahr 2019, während der weltweite Umsatz laut der International Federation of Robotics in Frankfurt 16,5 Milliarden Dollar erreichte. In China gibt es mehr als 800 Roboterhersteller, darunter die großen Unternehmen SIASUN und DJI Innovations. China ist auf dem besten Weg, bis 2021 45 % aller Industrieroboterlieferungen zu tätigen, gegenüber 39 % im Jahr 2019. Ein Roboter, der in einer 24-Stunden-Schicht arbeiten kann, kann drei Arbeiter_innen ersetzen und kostet zwischen 43‘000 und 72‘000 Dollar. Da die Gehälter in China in den letzten Jahren jährlich um bis zu 20 % gestiegen sind, sieht der chinesische Unternehmensberater Bill Edwards einen unvermeidlichen Schub für die Robotertechnik voraus. "Die Löhne in China sind nicht mehr billig", stellte er fest.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [The rush to deploy robots in China amid the coronavirus outbreak](https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/02/the-rush-to-deploy-robots-in-china-amid-the-coronavirus-outbreak.html)
|
||||
|
||||
# Open Access
|
||||
|
||||
Der offene Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Forschungs-Erkenntnissen bleibt eine der zentralen Forderungen nach einer gerechten Gesundheitspolitik. Laboratorien auf der ganzen Welt konnten sich über die Genomsequenzen des neuen Coronavirus (hCoV-19) über GISAID austauschen. [GISAID](https://www.gisaid.org) ist eine Initiative, die den internationalen Austausch aller Sequenzen von Influenzaviren fördert, um Forscher_innen in ihrer Arbeit darüber wie sich die Viren entwickeln, verbreiten und möglicherweise zu Pandemien werden, zu unterstüzen. GISAID tut dies durch die Überwindung von Hindernissen oder Einschränkungen, die den Austausch von Influenzadaten vor der formellen Veröffentlichung erschweren oder verhindern: Die Initiative stellt sicher, dass der offene Zugang zu den Daten in GISAID kostenlos und für alle zugänglich ist. GISAID ist jedoch eine Ausnahme. Verbreitet werden medizinisch-wissenschaftliche Forschung und Daten als privatisierte Vermögenswerte aufbewahrt, aus denen Kapital geschlagen werden kann. 2015 waren liberianische Gesundheitsbeamte Mitverfasser einer Stellungnahme der New York Times, die bemängelte, dass zum Höhepunkt der Epidemie 2014 ein Grossteil der bestehenden kritischen Ebola-Forschung Wissenschaftler_innen und Mitarbeiter_innen des Gesundheitswesens unbekannt oder unzugänglich war.
|
||||
|
||||
Um die bestehenden Paywalls zu umgehen, hat eine Gruppe von Online-Archivare_innen im Januar 2020 ein Open-Access-Verzeichnis mit über 5.000 wissenschaftlichen Studien über Coronaviren erstellt, das jeder durchsuchen und herunterladen kann. Das Herunterladen wurde über [Sci-Hub](https://www.sci-hub.tw/) ermöglicht, einer kostenlosen wissenschaftlichen Forschungs-Datenbank, die bisweilen "die Piratenbucht der Wissenschaft" genannt wird. Laut Sci-Hub besteht Zugang zu über 78 Millionen Forschungsartikeln: es werden HTML- und PDF-Seiten aus dem Internet heruntergeladen, wobei in einigen Fällen die Paywalls umgangen werden. Aus diesem Grund haben große wissenschaftliche Verlage - allen voran Elsevier - Sci-Hub wiederholt wegen Urheberrechtsverletzungen verklagt.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- ['It’s a Moral Imperative:' Archivists Made a Directory of 5,000 Coronavirus Studies to Bypass Paywalls](https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/z3b3v5/archivists-are-bypassing-paywalls-to-share-studies-about-coronaviruses?fbclid=IwAR1X44-D2C9mFHFx2N4HyEz0Kon1NnN93PAjhD1NM52AN7eHl3NFqJjj3cw)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Die Reaktion der *maker scene*
|
||||
|
||||
Angesichts des weltweiten Mangels an medizinischer Versorgung und Ausrüstung diskutieren und mobilisieren verschiedene Hersteller und FabLabs über mögliche Bereiche der Intervention. Sie machen erneut auf das politische Konfliktpotential zwischen autonomen Technologien und der Notwendigkeit von Vorschriften und Normen aufmerksam. Dieser Konflikt lässt sich nicht schnell und einfach auflösen, sondern erfordert einen umfassenden Diskurs und eine breite kollektive Reflexion.
|
||||
|
||||
Eine Schlüsselszene aus Italien fand im Krankenhaus von Chiari (Brescia) statt, das sich innerhalb des Notfalls mit einem Notfall konfrontiert sah. Das medizinische Personal stellte fest, dass die für das Funktionieren eines Wiederbelebungsgerätes notwendigen Ventile ausgingen. Der Hersteller konnte aufgrund der hohen Nachfrage die notwendingen Ersatzteile nicht liefern. Eine örtliche 3D-Druckerei, die von einem Mailänder FabLab beauftragt wurde, wurde kontaktiert, und es war ihr in weniger als sechs Stunden möglich, eine Kopie des Ventils herzustellen. Der Hersteller droht nun jedoch mit einer Klage, und die Herstellung des Ventils könnte ohnehin auch zu rechtlichen Problemen führen, da es von den Gesundheitsbehörden nicht als sicher zertifiziert wurde. Die Italienische Republik könnte, wie viele andere auch, eine eventuelle Klage stoppen oder verhindern – sofern dies "im Interesse der militärischen Verteidigung des Landes oder aus anderen Gründen des öffentlichen Nutzens" geschieht. Und zwar mittels eines Gesetzes aus dem Jahr 2005 (LD 10. Februar 2005, Nr. 30, Art. 141), das die staatliche Enteignung registrierter oder patentierter gewerblicher Eigentumsrechte regelt, (über @Zoescope).
|
||||
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- [Italian hospital saves Covid-19 patients lives by 3D printing valves for reanimation devices](https://www.3dprintingmedia.network/covid-19-3d-printed-valve-for-reanimation-device/#comment-7095)
|
||||
- [(ITA) Coronavirus, a Brescia manca una valvola per i rianimatori: ingegneri e fisici la stampano in 3D in sei ore](https://it.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-manca-la-valvola-per-uno-strumento-di-rianimazione-e-noi-la-stampiamo-in-3d-accade-nellospedale-di-chiari-brescia/)
|
||||
- [Discussion thread on the fb group 'Fabber in Italia' initiated by Zoe Romano]( https://www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=fabber%20in%20italia&epa=SEARCH_BOX)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Das Problem mit der Online-Arbeit
|
||||
|
||||
Da viele Aufgaben und Treffen nun online stattfinden (einschließlich – ganz entscheidend – der Lehrtätigkeit), braucht es dringend einen von den Arbeitnehmenden geführten Diskurs über die Nutzung und das Eigentum an Online-Plattformen. Die momentane Entwicklung birgt die Gefahr, das Terrain für eine Umstrukturierung der Arbeitsbedingungen vorzubereiten. Weitere Entlassungen könnten gerechtfertigt und die Überwachung der Arbeitnehmenden verstärkt werden. Wichtig ist, dass Fragen zur Eigentümerschaft an dieser technologischen Infrastruktur (heute meist im Besitz von Unternehmen, die über die Lizenzen und durch den Weiterverkauf der gesammelten Daten Gewinn erzielen) gestellt werden. Auch Fragen zur Privatsphäre, zu Opt-out-Optionen für die Nutzenden und Diskussionen über die Kontrolle über die generierten Inhalte (z. B. die Aufzeichnung von Vorlesungen, die dann als Ersatz für "richtige" Lehrpersonen weiter- und wiederverwendet werden können) sind wichtig.
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn du einer Gewerkschaft angehörst oder wenn dein Arbeitsplatz Instrumente zur Auslagerung und Fernsteuerung von Arbeitsabläufen einführt, solltest du in Erwägung ziehen, diese Probleme anzusprechen und unter Umständen eine Untersuchung darüber einzuleiten, welche Instrumente wie eingesetzt werden.
|
||||
|
||||
Im Folgenden denkt eine Lehperson über die Eilmassnahmen zur Verlagerung der gesamten Unterrichtstätigkeit nach online nach:
|
||||
|
||||
> Für meine Kolleg_innen, die dazu angehalten werden, einen Teil oder den ganzen Rest des Semesters online abzuhalten, ist jetzt die Zeit gekommen, um einen schlechten Job zu machen. Sie bauen KEINE Online-Klasse auf. Sie unterrichten KEINE Studierenden (obwohl diese bereit sind, online zu lernen). Und – was am wichtigsten ist – ihre Klasse ist momentan NICHT die höchste Priorität in ihrem Leben. In diesem Sinne: Befreie dich jetzt von hohen Erwartungen, denn das ist der beste Weg, den Studierenden beim Lernen zu helfen. Wenn du gerade die Pädagogik des Online-Lernens anfängst zu entdecken oder merkst, dass es einige ziemlich großartige Werkzeuge gibt, um die Schüler online zu unterstützen, höre damit auf. Höre jetzt auf. Frag dich selbst: Ist mir das wirklich wichtig? – Wahrscheinlich nicht, sonst hättest du die Welt der Online-Pädagogik schon früher erforscht. Versuche ich bloss zu beweisen, dass ich ein/e Teamplayer_in bin? – Das bist du, und lassen dich in dieser Funktion nicht von deiner Universität ausnutzen. Oder versuche ich, mich angesichts einer Pandemie zu beruhigen, indem ich etwas tue, das ein normales Lebensgefühl vermittelt? – Falls dies der Fall ist, höre auf und setze deine Energie besser ein, z.B. indem du für Räumungssperren protestieren oder Säcke mit Lebensmitteln für Kinder einpacken, die keine Mahlzeiten bekommen, weil die öffentlichen Schulen schließen).
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [Please do a bad job of putting your courses online](https://anygoodthing.com/2020/03/12/please-do-a-bad-job-of-putting-your-courses-online/)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Andere Resourcen aus dem Pirate-Care-Syllabus
|
||||
- [John Wilbanks (Sage Bionetworks/ FasterCures): Open Science, DIY Bio, and Cheap Data. Video from the Pirate Care Conference, Coventry University, June 2019](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRXgbTiUePs&feature=youtu.be)
|
||||
- [Rebelling with Care. Exploring open technologies for commoning healthcare.](https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:26681/)
|
||||
- [Also available in ITA](http://wemake.cc/digitalsocial/cure-ribelli/)
|
||||
- [Nick Titus from the Four Thieves Vinegar Collective. Video from the Pirate Care Conference, Coventry University, June 2019](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgMPGOw3Flg&list=PLX-N8krB2JMcVktrreeqLJAKTYqNoiSnO&index=18)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Weiterführende Texte
|
||||
- [Solidarity infrastructure for solidarity actions](https://www.systemli.org/en/2020/03/15/solidarity-as-infrastructure.html)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus Tech Handbook](https://coronavirustechhandbook.com/) - A crowdsourced resource for technologists building things related to the coronavirus outbreak.
|
||||
- [Open Source Italian Platform to share info and support for the emercengy](https://www.covid19italia.help/)
|
||||
- [Open Wiki to map, connect and organize information channels, solidarity and social cooperation](https://viralsolidarity.org/doku.php?id=start)
|
||||
- [Open source medical supplies FB group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/670932227050506/)
|
||||
- [Ultimate Medical Hackathon: How Fast Can We Design And Deploy An Open Source Ventilator?, by Hackaday](https://hackaday.com/2020/03/12/ultimate-medical-hackathon-how-fast-can-we-design-and-deploy-an-open-source-ventilator/)
|
||||
- [Biohackers team up online to help develop coronavirus solutions](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/biohacking-online-forums-coronavirus-vaccines-testing)
|
||||
- [How profit makes the fight for a coronavirus vaccine harder](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/04/market-coronavirus-vaccine-us-health-virus-pharmaceutical-business)
|
||||
- [Impacts of operational failures on primary care physicians’ work: A critical interpretive synthesis of the literature](https://www.thisinstitute.cam.ac.uk/research-articles/impacts-operational-failures-primary-care-physicians-work-critical-interpretive-synthesis-literature/?fbclid=IwAR0RECSGxF8WKywluZ96Ij1FF0goZaKl3cy3jKKeyQy5jp7B-69Sw7q9oYE)
|
||||
- [Trump 'offers large sums' for exclusive US access to coronavirus vaccine](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/15/trump-offers-large-sums-for-exclusive-access-to-coronavirus-vaccine?fbclid=IwAR1EMkygoVegxNW_t6gQG5gGFBhwqGWjfZzUZGu8foRrhgGZBSeUAasulTs)
|
||||
- [The science of soap – here’s how it kills the coronavirus](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/12/science-soap-kills-coronavirus-alcohol-based-disinfectants?fbclid=IwAR3me0dXBmL2kxFv5m8lXN3JXnk-WUs5xDpxyOmYX7VTTIX2-_7UF0Rgm90)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Reproduktive Rechte, häusliche Gewalt und Carework"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*This document is also available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
# Reproduktive Gesundheit und reproduktive Rechte
|
||||
|
||||
Während routinemäßige und nicht als dringend eingestufte Verfahren in den am stärksten von der Epidemie betroffenen Gebieten verschoben werden, wirkt sich der Ausnahmezustand der aktuellen Situation um COVID-19 negativ auf das Recht der Frau auf eine sichere Abtreibung aus. In den USA zum Beispiel fordern republikanische Gesetzgeber, dass jede neue Finanzierungzusage zur Bekämpfung von COVID-19 auch den Anti-Abtreibungs-Zusatz des umstrittenen [Hyde-Amendment](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyde_Amendment)s enthält.
|
||||
|
||||
- **Quelle:** [House Republicans Tried to Capitalize on Coronavirus to Sneak Anti-Abortion Language Into Law](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/03/house-republicans-tried-to-capitalize-on-coronavirus-to-sneak-anti-abortion-language-into-law/)
|
||||
|
||||
Daher wird die Organisation von Netzwerken, die abbilden können, welche Krankenhäuser den Zugang zu Abtreibungen garantieren, zu einer echten Priorität. In Italien wurden vom Aktivist*innennetzwerk [Obiezione Respinta](https://obiezionerespinta.info) ein [Telegram Channel](https://t.me/aborto_emergenzaCOVID19) und eine 24-Stunden-Hotline (+39 3319634889) ins Leben gerufen, um einen täglich aktualisierten Kartierungsdienst sowie Informationen über Krankenhäuser und Apotheken zu bieten, die diese reproduktiven Rechte garantieren.
|
||||
Ein weiteres Beispiel ist diese von der Consultoria Autogestita Transiti in Mailand erstellten [Liste von Krankenhäusern](https://consultoriautogestita.wordpress.com/interruzione-di-gravidanza/), in denen es noch möglich ist, eine Abtreibung vorzunehmen.
|
||||
|
||||
# Häusliche Gewalt
|
||||
|
||||
Warnung: Für viele birgt der Aufruf zu #stayathome keineswegs eine beruhigende Vorstellung. Eine Zunahme häuslicher Gewalt in einer Zeit erzwungener Häuslichkeit - etwas, was man sich leicht vorstellen kann - war im ersten Epizentrum der Pandemie in China deutlich erkennbar... in einem Land, in dem die [Scheidungsrate](https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2020/03/coronavirus-spike-in-divorces-as-fighting-couples-forced-into-isolation-report.html) aktuell stark zunimmt und der Hashtag [#AntiDomesticViolenceDuringEpidemic #疫期反家暴#](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51705199) im letzten Monat über 3.000 Mal verwendet wurde.
|
||||
|
||||
Seit neuestem können wir ähnliche Trends im zweiten Epizentrum, Italien, beobachten - einem Land, das selbst in weniger schwierigen Zeiten für seine hohe Zahl von Femiziden durch "diejenigen, die zuhause die Hosen anhaben", berüchtigt ist. In den letzten Tagen sind in den sozialen Medien erschreckende Videos über häusliche Gewalt in Umlauf gebracht worden. Es handelt sich um Videos, die wir hier nicht verlinken werden, sondern die von wachsamen feministischen Freiwilligen im Netz kartiert werden, um zu versuchen, die Ausbreitung dieser Fälle einzudämmen.
|
||||
|
||||
Die bedeutendste Aktion zur Bekämpfung häuslicher Gewalt in diesen Zeiten erzwungener und anhaltender Nähe wurde vom Netzwerk italienischer Anti-Gewalt-Zentren [DiRE](https://www.dire.it/12-03-2020/432907-coronavirus-violenza-donne-veltri-d-i-re-chiamateci-noi-ci-siamo/) mit Unterstützung der nationalen transfeministischen Bewegung *Non Una Di Meno* [übersetzt in etwa "Nichtsdestotrotz"] ins Leben gerufen. Dieses Netzwerk hat bisher den regelmäßigen Betrieb nationaler und regionaler Hotlines für häusliche Gewalt sichergestellt.
|
||||
|
||||
In diesem Zusammenhang wird immer deutlicher, dass gender violence / geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt ein strukturelles Problem ist, gegen das eine Perspektive der Systemtransformation aktiviert werden muss, wobei die Initiativen von der pädagogischen Prävention bis hin zu Maßnahmen am Arbeitsplatz reichen.
|
||||
|
||||
**Siehe auch**
|
||||
- [Home Is Not A Safe Place For Everyone](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/domestic-violence-coronavirus_n_5e6a6ac1c5b6bd8156f3641b)
|
||||
- [Pandemic Inequalities, Pandemic Demands](https://www.weareplanc.org/blog/pandemic-inequalities-pandemic-demands/) by Plan C.
|
||||
|
||||
# Carework / Betreuungsarbeit
|
||||
|
||||
Die Arbeitnehmer, die während der Pandemie die größten Gesundheitsrisiken tragen, sind die Arbeitnehmer, die wesentliche [soziale Reproduktionsaufgaben](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html) ausführen, wie z.B. Reinigungskräfte, Krankenschwestern, Hauspfleger oder Kassierer. Doch wie feministische Kritiken vielfach erklärten, sind diese Arbeitsplätze oft schlechter gestellt, was Gehalt, Härte, Prekarität und Sicherheitsbedingungen betrifft. Sie werden auch am häufigsten von Frauen und Migrantinnen ausgeübt.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Die hier folgende Aussage eines anonymen Krankenhausreinigers aus Bergamo (eine der am stärksten von der Pandemie betroffenen Städte) wurde mehrfach in sozialen Medien verbreitet:
|
||||
|
||||
> Wir sind die unsichtbare Arbeiterklasse. Wir sind diejenigen, die morgens um 5 Uhr aufstehen, aber niemand sieht uns. Die einzige Spur unserer Existenz ist die Reinigungtätigkeit, die wir erfüllen und die oft unbemerkt bleibt, da sie als selbstverständlich angesehen wird. Aber wir existieren, wir sind auch hier. Auch wir, die Mitarbeitende des Krankenhausreinigungsdienstes, tun alles, was wir können, um unsere Organisation in dieser Zeit so sicher wie möglich zu machen. Wir sind hier, obwohl niemand über uns spricht, trotz der Ängste, angesichts der Risiken, denen wir und unsere Familien ausgesetzt sind. Wir sind hier und wir arbeiten, auch wenn unser Tarifvertrag vor Jahren ausgelaufen ist und uns kaum nenneswerte, wirklich lächerliche Löhne beschert hat. Ja, wir arbeiten auch, unaufhörlich wie andere, für uns selbst und für die ganze Gemeinschaft.
|
||||
|
||||
> We are the invisible workers. We are the ones who get up at 5am in the morning, but nobody sees us. The only trace of our existence is the cleaning we do, which often goes unnoticed, as it is taken for granted. But we exist, we are here too. We too, the workers of the hospital cleaning service, are doing everything we can to make our organization as safe as possible during this period. We are here, despite the fact that no one talks about us, despite the fears, given the risks that we and our families are facing. We are here and we work, even if our collective bargaining agreement expired years ago, leaving us with ridiculous wages. Yes, we are working too, unceasingly like others, for ourselves and for the whole community.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- **Quelle:** [Sveglia all’alba per ospedali lindi e in ordine: l’importanza delle addette alle pulizie](https://www.bergamonews.it/2020/03/12/sveglia-allalba-per-ospedali-lindi-e-in-ordine-limportanza-delle-addette-alle-pulizie/358865/)
|
||||
|
||||
Im Vereinigten Königreich hat das Reinigungs-, Portier- und Verpflegungspersonal des Lewisham-Krankenhauses - in dem Coronavirus-Fälle behandelt wurden - das Krankenhaus im Protest verlassen, nachdem der private Auftragnehmer ISS die Löhne der Krankenhausmitarbeiter nicht bezahlt hatte.
|
||||
|
||||
- **Quelle:** [Cleaners in coronavirus-hit London hospital walk out after private contractor fails to pay wages](https://www.gmb-southern.org.uk/news/cleaners-walk-out-lewisham-hospital-contractor-fails-pay-wages)
|
||||
|
||||
In der Zwischenzeit schätzt ein kürzlich von der NGO Oxfam veröffentlichter Bericht über die Pflegearbeit die Situation wie folgt ein:
|
||||
|
||||
> Die Besteuerung von zusätzlichen 0,5% des Reichtums der reichsten 1% in den nächsten 10 Jahren entspricht den Investitionen, die erforderlich sind, um 117 Millionen Arbeitsplätze im Bildungs-, Gesundheits- und Altenpflegebereich und in anderen Sektoren zu schaffen und Pflegedefizite zu schließen.
|
||||
|
||||
> Taxing an additional 0.5% of the wealth of the richest 1% over the next 10 years is equal to investments needed to create 117 million jobs in education, health and elderly careand other sectors,and to close care deficits.
|
||||
|
||||
- **Quelle:** [Time to Care. Unpaid and underpaid care work and the global inequality crisis. Oxfam briefing Paper, January 2020.](https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Weiterführende Materialien aus dem Pirate Care Syllabus
|
||||
|
||||
Für eine weitergehende Einführung in die vielen Fragen, die mit der Pflegearbeit verbunden sind, kannst Du einen Blick auf die folgenden Sitzungen werfen
|
||||
 und .
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Zur weiteren Lektüre
|
||||
|
||||
- [Interruzione di gravidanza](https://consultoriautogestita.wordpress.com/interruzione-di-gravidanza/)
|
||||
- [L’emergenza di prendersi cura di noi: risorse online al tempo di Covid-19, by Chayn Italia (ITA)](https://www.che-fare.com/chayn-donne-covid-cura/)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
title: "Die, die nicht nach Hause können: Gefangene, flüchtende Menschen und Obdachlose"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*There is a version of this document in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Im Gegensatz zu anderen Sessions enthält diese Session keine praktischen Tipps. Sie versteht sich als ein Archiv relevanter Nachrichten. Diese sollen gemeinsame Debatten und Überlegungen darüber anstossen, welche Forderungen wir gemeinsam für eine gerechtere Zukunft stellen sollten.
|
||||
|
||||
# Bedingungen in den Gefängnissen
|
||||
|
||||
In der Zeit um den 7. März haben in mehr als zwanzig italienischen Gefängnissen Häftlinge protestiert und randaliert und Räume in Gefängniskomplexen besetzt. Innerhalb weniger Tage wurden Dutzende von Menschen verletzt, zehn Häftlinge starben (nach Angaben der Behörden an einer Überdosis, nachdem sie in den Krankenstationen Drogen und Methadon gestohlen hatten (diese Anschuldigung wurde mehrfach bestritten)) und etwa siebzig sind entkommen.
|
||||
|
||||
Die Gründe für diese Vorfälle sind unterschiedlich. Sie haben sowohl mit der aktuellen Situation in Italien als auch mit den chronischen Notlagen zu tun, die das Gefängnissystem seit Jahrzehnten durchläuft – z.B. Überbelegung und Unterbesetzung. Ein roter Faden, der viele Fälle miteinander verbindet, ist die Angst vor der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und der Ärger über die Maßnahmen, die die Gefängnisbehörden zu ihrer Eindämmung ergriffen haben. Mit der Entscheidung des Justizministeriums wurden unter anderem Freigänge, Halbgefangenschafts-Regelungen und Treffen mit Familienmitgliedern vom 9. bis 22. März ausgesetzt. Die Massnahmen wurden verlängert. Zwischen denjenigen, die eine Strafe verbüßen, und denjenigen, die draußen sind, werden nur kontrollierte Telefon- und Videoanrufe erlaubt. Die Maßnahmen lösen Zorn aus, handelt es sich doch um eine weitere Einschränkung der Rechte der Gefangenen.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quellen:**
|
||||
- [Le rivolte nelle carceri sono il frutto di crisi vecchie e nuove, L'Internazionale (ITA)](https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/giuseppe-rizzo/2020/03/11/rivolte-carcere-coronavirus)
|
||||
- [La questione carceri ai tempi del Coronavirus (ITA)](https://www.poliziapenitenziaria.it/quel-grosso-guaio-delle-carceri-al-tempo-del-coronavirus)
|
||||
|
||||
Auch in Brasilien sind am Montag, den 16. März, über tausend Gefangene aus vier Gefängnissen geflohen, nachdem die Freigabeprivilegien ausgesetzt und die Besucherzahl aufgrund der Besorgnis über die Coronavirus-Pandemie eingeschränkt worden war.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [Hundreds of Brazilian Prisoners Escape After Prison Riot Over Cancelled Easter Exits Due to Coronavirus (ENG)](https://www.newsweek.com/hundreds-brazilian-prisoners-escape-after-prison-riot-over-cancelled-easter-exits-due-coronavirus-1492649)
|
||||
|
||||
**Zur Situation in der Schweiz**
|
||||
- [Amnestie in den Gefängnissen!](https://www.woz.ch/2013/strafvollzug/amnestie-in-den-gefaengnissen)
|
||||
|
||||
**Zur Situation in Deutschland**
|
||||
- [Das Ganze ist eine Art Pulverfass](https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1134429.corona-in-gefaengnissen-das-ganze-ist-eine-art-pulverfass.html)
|
||||
|
||||
Während in anderen Ländern ähnliche Beschränkungen in Kraft gesetzt werden, fordern viele Interessengruppen Amnestien und die vorzeitige Freilassung von Gefangenen, die wegen kleinerer Vergehen im Gefängnis sitzen. Sie setzen damit die Argumente für eine umfassendere Reform des Justizsystems auf die internationale Agenda. Forderungen sind unter anderem, die Haft als Standardmechanismus zur Bewältigung von Verbrechen zu hinterfragen und sich für die [Abschaffung von Gefängnissen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_abolition_movement#Abolitionist_views) und für Optionen der [Reparative/Restorative Justice](https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/law/cjr/chap9.pdf) einzusetzen.
|
||||
|
||||
**Siehe:**
|
||||
- [To contain coronavirus, release people in prison. Do not let Covid-19 become Katrina in Connecticut.](https://ctmirror.org/category/ct-viewpoints/joseph-gaylin-noora-reffat-and-arvind-venkataraman/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Notfälle in Flüchtlingslagern
|
||||
Genf, 10. März 2020 - Die Antwort der Welt auf die COVID-19-Krise muss alle umfassen und sich auf alle konzentrieren – auch auf diejenigen, die gezwungen sind, aus ihrer Heimat zu fliehen. Ältere Menschen unter der weltweiten Zwangsvertriebenenbevölkerung sind besonders verletzlich, warnte heute das UNHCR, das UN-Flüchtlingshilfswerk, in seinem ersten Aufruf zu COVID-19. Das UNHCR bittet dringend um 33 Millionen US-Dollar, um die Vorbereitungs-, Präventions- und Reaktionsmaßnahmen zur Deckung des unmittelbaren Gesundheitsbedarfs der Flüchtdenden zu verstärken. Mehr als 70 Millionen Menschen weltweit wurden durch Verfolgung, Konflikte, Gewalt und Menschenrechtsverletzungen gezwungen, ihre Heimat zu verlassen. Davon sind mehr als 20 Millionen Flüchtende, von denen 84 Prozent in Ländern mit niedrigem oder mittlerem Einkommen aufgenommen werden, die über ein im Vergleich mit reicheren Ländern schwächeres Gesundheits-, Wasser- und Abwassersystem verfügen.
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [UN Refugee Agency steps up COVID-19 preparedness, prevention and response measures (ENG / SPA / PORT)](https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/3/5e677f634/un-refugee-agency-steps-covid-19-preparedness-prevention-response-measures.html)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Die Überbelegung der und die erschreckenden Lebensbedingungen in den Hotspot-Camps auf den griechischen Inseln seien die perfekten Bedingungen für einen COVID-19-Ausbruch, warnten die Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)/Ärzte ohne Grenzen in einer Erklärung, die am 13. März veröffentlicht wurde. Da der erste COVID-19-Fall auf Lesbos, anderswo auf der Insel, bestätigt wurde, ist die Evakuierung der Lager dringender denn je. In einigen Teilen des Lagers in Moria gibt es nur einen Wasserhahn für je 1‘300 Menschen und keine Seife. Familien mit fünf oder sechs Personen müssen in Räumen von höchstens drei Quadratmetern schlafen. In den fünf Brennpunkten auf den griechischen Inseln, die insgesamt nur 6.000 Menschen aufnehmen können, sind 42'000 Asylsuchende eingeschlossen. Unter ihnen sind viele Patienten mit chronischen Krankheiten wie Diabetes, die extrem anfällig für COVID-19 sind.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Quelle:**
|
||||
- [COVID-19: Evacuation of squalid Greek camps more urgent than ever in light of coronavirus pandemic (ENG)](https://www.msf.org.uk/article/covid-19-evacuation-squalid-greek-camps-more-urgent-ever-light-coronavirus-pandemic)
|
||||
|
||||
**Initiativen:**
|
||||
- [EVACUATE. MORIA. NOW. Open letter to the European Commission and the European Emergency Response Coordinator (ENG)](https://www.evacuate-moria.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Der Obdachlosigkeit entgegentreten
|
||||
Im Folgenden einige Ressourcen, die sich mit den Auswirkungen auf und der Formulierung von Care für Menschen befassen, die während des Coronavirus-Notfalls von Obdachlosigkeit betroffen sind. Viele Arbeiterinnen und Arbeiter in prekären Verhältnissen, freiberuflich Tätige und Menschen mit Nullstundenverträgen sind aufgrund des fehlenden Einkommens und der Unfähigkeit, Miete zu zahlen, weltweit stark gefährdet, obdachlos zu werden. Einige Länder leisten Hilfestellung - so z.B. in Italien, wo die Regierung die Hypothekenzahlungen vorübergehend ausgesetzt und die Haushaltsrechnungen reduziert hat (und auch eine Aussetzung der Mieten in Erwägung gezogen wird). An vielen Orten werden jedoch keine solchen Maßnahmen getroffen. Bereits überforderte Mieter_innen werden erheblich belastet. Dies gilt besonders für städtische Gebiete ohne Mietbegrenzung oder Mieter_innenrechte, wo dank Spekulation die Mieten, die Gentrifizierung und die Airbnb-Dichte unkontrolliert wuchern. Auch viele Studierende sind plötzlich mit einer Wohnungskrise konfrontiert, wenn der Campus ihrer Universität geschlossen wird.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [CDC's guidance for homeless shelters](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/homeless-shelters/plan-prepare-respond.html)
|
||||
- [Specific Considerations for Public Health Authorities to Limit Infection Risk Among People Experiencing Homelessness](https://files.hudexchange.info/public/resources/documents/Specific-Considerations-for-Public-Health-Authorities-to-Limit-Infection-Risk-Among-People-Experiencing-Homelessness.pdf)
|
||||
- [What if you can’t stay home? Recommendations to support the health of people experiencing homelessness during the Coronavirus State of Emergency](http://www.streetsheet.org/what-if-you-cant-stay-home/)
|
||||
|
||||
Diese Liste von Empfehlungen stammt von Obdachlosen und Befürworter_innen der Coalition on Homelessness und der Zeitung Street Sheet in San Francisco.
|
||||
|
||||
## SEI KEIN POLIZIST
|
||||
(Nach einem Flugblatt, das zuerst in Spanien zirkulierte)
|
||||
|
||||
Appell an die Bürger_innen, die Ansteckung zu vermeiden – und zwar jene mit dem "zum Polizisten-Werden"-Virus...
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn Sie einen Straßenhändler oder eine Strassenhändlerin sehen, rufen Sie nicht die Notfallnummer an, um ihn oder sie zu melden. Kaufen Sie dieser Person etwas ab. Wenn Sie bemerken, dass sie keine Maske trägt, klagen Sie sie nicht an, sondern versuchen Sie, ihr eine zu besorgen.
|
||||
|
||||
Sei kein Polizist.
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn Sie hören, dass Ihr Nachbar Symptome hat, schauen Sie nicht aus dem Fenster, um zu kontrollieren, ob er sich an die Quarantäne hält. Fragen Sie ihn, ob er etwas braucht.
|
||||
|
||||
Sei kein Polizist.
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn Sie in Ihrer Nachbarschaft Menschen auf der Straße sehen, vermuten Sie nicht das Schlimmste. Rufen Sie nicht die Notfallnummer an. Vielleicht sind sie auf dem Weg zur Arbeit. Nicht jede und jeder hat das Privileg, sich mit einem vollen Kühlschrank einzuschließen.
|
||||
|
||||
Sei kein Polizist.
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn Sie einkaufen gehen müssen, schauen Sie jene in Ihrer Nähe nicht böse an, weil Sie Angst vor einer Ansteckung haben. Sagen Sie hallo. Machen Sie Konversation. Sie sind nicht miteinander verfeindet.
|
||||
|
||||
Sei kein Polizist.
|
||||
|
||||
Wenn Sie jemandem begegnen, der oder die auf der Straße lebt, wechseln Sie nicht die Strassenseite. Wenn Sie können, verlassen Sie das Haus mit etwas Essen, einer zusätzlichen Maske, etwas Wasser in einer Dose.
|
||||
|
||||
Sei kein Polizist.
|
||||
|
||||
LASST UNS DIE VERBREITUNG DES POLIZEIVIRUS VERMEIDEN. Es ist ein Virus, das nicht mehr verschwinden wird.
|
||||
|
||||
# Weiterführende Lektüre
|
||||
- [Coronavirus. Emergenza economica, domenica il decreto da almeno 15 miliardi: stop versamenti Fisco e rate mutui, Il Sole 24 Ore (ITALIEN)](https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/coronavirus-rimborso-gli-spettacoli-rinvio-laurea-ultime-novita-decreto-ADl1TAD)
|
||||
- [Coronavirus Calls for an Emergency Rent Freeze and Eviction Moratorium, Jacobin (USA)](https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/03/coronavirus-housing-security-rent-freeze-eviction)
|
||||
- [Hong Kong retailers in rent battle to survive virus, protests blow (HONG KONG)](https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/hong-kong-retailers-in-rent-battle-to-survive-virus-protests-blow/74393790)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Debt and Housing Struggles"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# How do we challenge the shame of housing debt?
|
||||
|
||||
We have been led by states and financial institutions to believe that it is natural to enter into personal debt in order to have a home. The easy access to credit has been equated with the right to housing. Narratives, politics and practices about home have become, at different paces, in different places, a question of individual property through which we mortgage our future, our pensions, our education. As Raquel Rolnik puts it in her book Urban Warfare: "Through the finance of private home purchase, global capital market expansion was based on private indebtedness, establishing an intimate link between individuals' biological lives and the global process of income extraction and speculation". Since the 1990s mortgage became one of the main driving forces of financial market operations. The push towards housing debt economy was global, while the responsibility became individualized. Those that could not pay instalments were deemed lazy and incompetent. This created a feeling of shame and a sense of personal failure in life. One of the main victories of the people affected by mortgages in Spain was to assign guilt and shame where they are due - in financial institutions and states.
|
||||
|
||||
## Proposed resources
|
||||
|
||||
- **Read about the role of housing debt in the construct of dominant economy:** .
|
||||
- **Read about the toxic housing debt in the ex - socialist countries:**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Read about the struggles around housing and debt in Spain:** 
|
||||
- **Watch the film about struggles in Spain:**
|
||||
[Si se puede: seven days with PAH in Barcelona](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elnjoFVv_Os)
|
||||
|
||||
## How to learn together
|
||||
|
||||
Read the proposed articles before you come to the session. Watch the film together. Organize a discussion round. Use a mind map to collectively organize your thoughts. Feed in as much detail as you can. Use critically what you have read. Include your personal experience. Share your mind map with other Pirate Care Syllabus users by downloading it on the web page.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Disability and chronic illness in the pandemic"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Hierzu existiert auch eine deutsche Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
# A history of struggle against the disposability of disabled lives
|
||||
|
||||
People with disabilities or chronic illnesses have been long subject to a denial of care. No matter where we are, we have had to contend with the shortfalls in medical treatment, adaptation of built environment, access to assistive technologies, personalised assistance and many other unmet requirements. However, we have equally been subject to imposition of care. We have had to wrestle our autonomy away from familial overprotection, forced institutionalisation and segregation in specialised institutions. There is a long history of our communities organising and struggling to overcome this double -- objective and subjective -- disablement.
|
||||
|
||||
## Social model of disability and disability rights movement
|
||||
|
||||
A critical juncture in this history arrived in the 60s and 70s, as the inchoate disability rights movement started to level a critique against the then-dominant medical model of disability. The medical model,[^-1] which replaced the earlier eugenics model, viewed disability primarily as an individual affliction that had to be addressed through medical treatment and socialised through specialised institutions. However, the medical model was reductive as it failed to comprehend the individual affliction in its social context and thus has perpetuated the exclusion of our communities from the most aspects of social life.
|
||||
|
||||
From this critique emerged an integrative, social model of disability,[^0] which considers physical, sensory, cognitive or psychological impairments as they appear in the social world of physical barriers, prejudicial attitudes, invisibility and ability-prioritising sphere of labour. Institutional, cultural and environmental factors, modelled around the norm of able-bodiedness, converge to limit people with disabilities in achieving their different capabilities and aspirations. It is this process of social disablement, and not the impairment itself, that defines disability.
|
||||
|
||||
From this enlarged understanding of disability, the disability rights movement in the 1970s initiated a cycle of protests, campaigns and direct actions, inspired and supported by the larger civil justice and labour movements, that contested the power of economic interest and paternalistic institutions to demand an unconditional recognition of disability rights and creation of inclusive institutional settings. People with disabilities had a right to individually and collectively define their own requirements and a right to pursue independent living.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Radical model of disability and continuity of struggle
|
||||
|
||||
While the social model initially had emphasised the structural exclusion and relations of power, through its successes over the next two decades, it increasingly narrowed its focus on disability as isolated from other forms of structural oppression. It also largely ignored the relations of (inter-)dependence that continued to be constitutive not only of the lives of many people with disabilities who required care and assistance but also of the entire able-bodied population in various forms throughout their lives. From these shortcomings, in the 1990s emerged the radical model of disability that rested on the understanding of disability as one of many different ways of being, foregrounding positive identification, self-empowerment, intersectionality and queering, cripping and madding of the ableist society.
|
||||
|
||||
However, achieving disability rights, formulated under the social model of disability, still remains a challenge even in the highly progressive and affluent contexts. Ultimately, this has always depended and will continue to depend on our continued capacity to organise our in/interdependent living and mobilise against the discrimination, paternalism and neglect. This painful awareness that nothing is achieved that cannot be lost is enshrined in our slogan that also works as a warning: "Nothing About Us Without Us!".
|
||||
|
||||
Therefore, after a history of struggle, it should be clear, particularly to public health authorities and political decision-makers, that the disability community and the allied communities of people with chronic illnesses, obesity or bodies broken by exploitation, poverty or unemployment will not sit still while others make the decisions in the current pandemic that risk making our lives disposable again.
|
||||
|
||||
# The pandemic and the threat to our lives
|
||||
|
||||
World Health Organisation[^1] estimates that around 15% of the global population lives with some form of disability, many of whom are additionally afflicted by secondary conditions, co-morbidities, earlier ageing and premature death. These afflictions are compounded by inadequate medical care, lacking social protection, unemployment, poverty and social isolation.
|
||||
|
||||
All these factors become factors of additional risk in the situations of epidemics, as these social determinants of health inequality create conditions for faster transmission and higher morbidity and mortality.[^2] With the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, where morbidity and mortality are particularly high among those with underlying health conditions, people with disabilities or chronic illnesses now face a situation of extreme vulnerability. Most of us are best advised to avoid getting infected to start with.
|
||||
|
||||
However, that vulnerability can become amplified by the public health and political decisions in the pandemic in several ways:
|
||||
|
||||
## A perpetuation of invisibility in public health guidance
|
||||
|
||||
First, public health measures, protocols and messaging frequently do not include adequate consideration of specific requirements of people with disabilities or chronic illnesses.[^3] In a situation of significant danger to our lives we are again made irrelevant and invisible.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, in public guidance, we are typically lumped together as "other at-risk groups". While the disability and chronic illness often come with the prospect of limited mobility and living a life largely confined to home, many among us depend on regular professional or family assistance and therefore cannot simply maintain distance and isolate as advised by the public health guidance. Given that care workers typically assist more than one person and work in more than one institution, forced to do so by low wages and precarious work arrangements, they are themselves both at risk of getting infected and transmitting the infection.
|
||||
|
||||
**For such reasons, public health protocols, guidance, messaging and hotlines need to be put in place that will be specifically aimed at reducing the risk of infection for people with disabilities and assistants. Also, social protection measures need to be put in place to have additional assistants at hand, to guarantee that all assistant work -- professional or not -- during the pandemic is paid and that assistants can get a sick pay in the case they get infected.**[^4]
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, the sense that there is a continuity of making disability and chronic illness invisible in inadequate public health measures and messaging is only reinforced by the contrast we can observe in what societies are willing to do to create accommodations for able-bodied people who now have to live and work confined mostly to their homes and thus depend on the essential work of others. Under different circumstances, for our lives, those accommodations are simply not to be had.
|
||||
|
||||
## Availability of critical medical supplies and medical treatment
|
||||
|
||||
Second, people with disabilities or chronic illnesses frequently require oxygen tanks, ventilators and protective equipment such as masks and gloves. However, at present these are in short supply and **a failure to include among priority receivers people with disabilities or chronic illnesses when securing these supplies might aggravate existing health conditions and increase vulnerability**.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability is also increased for those among us who need to visit hospitals for medical treatments such as dialysis or therapy for critical acute conditions. **Hospitals have to plan in advance such emergency capacity and make arrangements to reduce the risks of transmission to disabled out-patients**, which might become difficult if an outbreak overwhelms the capacities of hospitals.
|
||||
|
||||
Most at risk are those among us, however, who are in nursing homes or boarding schools. These institutions should have procedures in place and be subject to stricter supervision, particularly if they are privately managed, to avoid cases of massive neglect and defection of nursing staff as has reportedly happened in some nursing homes in Spain.
|
||||
|
||||
## De-prioritising and triage
|
||||
|
||||
Third, as a sudden spike in the need for beds, ventilators or medical staff threatens to overwhelm the healthcare system, public health authorities and hospitals are forced to make hard decisions on allocation of insufficient resources between patients requiring critical care. On principle, those who have smaller chances of recovery given their underlying health conditions or their clinical outlook are de-prioritised. As the harrowing situation in Lombardy has demonstrated, doctors have no other choice but to follow such guidance when doing triage whom to place on ventilator support and whom to let die.[^5] The danger here is that people with disabilities or chronic illnesses are implicitly de-prioritised. In fact, in some U.S. states, such as Alabama and Tennessee, critical care plans explicitly de-prioritise people with an intellectual disability or spinal muscular atrophy, assuming their lives are worth less.[^6]
|
||||
|
||||
**People with disabilities or chronic illnesses are thus de-prioritised and made disposable in two ways: first because of their greater needs requirement when it comes to medical supplies and treatment -- and then when it comes to critical care because of their underlying health conditions.** For these reasons, the American Association of People with Disabilities has sent a letter to Congress demanding "a statutory prohibition on the rationing of scarce medical resources on the basis of anticipated or demonstrated resource-intensity needs." [^6] Otherwise, the discrimination and disposability of lives will be perpetuated through the measures that are designed to save lives in the first place.
|
||||
|
||||
# "Nothing About Us Without Us!"
|
||||
|
||||
As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic spreads, the disability and chronic illness communities are mobilising and organising, knowing fully well that the decision-makers and institutions are quick to neglect their prior commitments to disability rights. Our response is not confined to actions of governments and institutions. We are contributing to broader solidarity networks organising collective assistance and mutual aid, providing guidance for people with disabilities[^7], chronic illnesses[^8] or conditions such as obesity[^9].
|
||||
|
||||
**However, given the dangerous consequences of neglect, it is essential that we mobilise to demand from public health authorities to include us in the decision-making processes that will ultimately reflect on our chances of survival**
|
||||
|
||||
# References
|
||||
|
||||
[^-1]: [Understanding Disability](https://www.drakemusic.org/blog/hdekretser/understanding-disability/)
|
||||
[^0]: [Michael Oliver: "The Politics of Disablement"]()
|
||||
[^1]: [Disability and health](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health)
|
||||
[^2]: [Health Inequalities and Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Challenge for Global Health Security](https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bsp.2014.0032)
|
||||
[^3]: ['The Cripples Will Save You': A Critical Coronavirus Message from a Disability Activist](https://creakyjoints.org/living-with-arthritis/coronavirus-disability-activism/)
|
||||
[^4]: [People with a disability are more likely to die from coronavirus – but we can reduce this risk](https://theconversation.com/people-with-a-disability-are-more-likely-to-die-from-coronavirus-but-we-can-reduce-this-risk-134383)
|
||||
[^5]: [The Extraordinary Decisions Facing Italian Doctors](https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/who-gets-hospital-bed/607807/)
|
||||
[^6]: ['I Will Not Apologise for My Needs'](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/opinion/coronavirus-ventilators-triage-disability.html)
|
||||
[^7]: [COVID-19 Resources for the Disability Community](https://www.accessliving.org/our-services/covid-19-resources-for-the-disability-community/#collective-care-caregiving-and-organizing) and [COVID-19
|
||||
Disability Community Preparedness Resources (U.S. Based)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/18tfi-0I8rpdJJ9Ubci45HYsy8sdutDpZv_eO-pdZDFc/edit#)
|
||||
[^8]: [A Chronic Illness Patient's Guide to Coronavirus](https://awareness.creakyjoints.org/coronavirus/)
|
||||
[^9]: [Fat-Assed Prepper Survival Tips for Preparing for a Coronavirus Quarantine](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zz7EchIvq05wFDZ1EysJkGiMJTpzXxi998M2Ij2hYhg/edit?ts=5e69c961)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Diversifing Your Narratives"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Role models play a crucial part in developing girls’ and women’s interests, and this applies to many unrepresented subjectivities. The workshop encourages participants to learn about the history and evolution of both science and technology, with the aim of exploring their constructs while also highlighting the contribution of colonized populations, women, LGBTQ+, and differently-abled persons.
|
||||
|
||||
**Overview**
|
||||
|
||||
- Introduction:
|
||||
- Explain main concepts and issues, give a couple of examples (ie. [Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin#Honours,_awards_and_legacy), [Naomi Ceder](https://hackcur.io/gender-activism-in-hacking/) )
|
||||
- Warm-up:
|
||||
- In turn introduce yourself and tell what is/was your role-model and why (5 minutes each).
|
||||
- Discussion:
|
||||
- Which new role-models emerged in the fablab community worldwide and locally? (30 min).
|
||||
- Working group:
|
||||
- Explore Wikipedia and discover which of the role-models listed above do not have an entry, discuss which ones could be created to give prominence and recognition to hidden protagonists, and which you might wish to translate in your language (45 min).
|
||||
- Wrap up:
|
||||
- Write a list of possible entries which could be done with a collaborative Wikipedia [Edit-a-thon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edit-a-thon) event (30 min).
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Domestic violence in quarantine"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Warning: for many, #stayathome is by no means a reassuring invitation. An increase of domestic violence at a time of forced domesticity, something that we can easily imagine, was plentifully in evidence in the first epicenter of the pandemic in China, where [divorces](https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2020/03/coronavirus-spike-in-divorces-as-fighting-couples-forced-into-isolation-report.html) have been spiking and the hashtag [#AntiDomesticViolenceDuringEpidemic #疫期反家暴#](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51705199) was used over 3,000 times in the last month.
|
||||
|
||||
More recently, we have seen similar trends emerging in the second epicentre, Italy, a country notorious even in less difficult times for its high numbers of femicides at the hands of "those who hold the house keys". During the last few days, chilling videos of domestic violence have begun to circulate on social media. These are videos that we will not link here, but that feminist sentinels on the net are mapping and trying to contain the cases.
|
||||
|
||||
The most significant action to combat domestic violence in these times of forced and prolonged proximity was put in place by the network of Italian anti-violence centers [DiRE](https://www.dire.it/12-03-2020/432907-coronavirus-violenza-donne-veltri-d-i-re-chiamateci-noi-ci-siamo/), with the support of the national transfeminist movement Non Una Di Meno. This network has so far secured the regular operation of national and regional domestic violence hotlines.
|
||||
|
||||
In this context, it becomes increasingly clear how gender violence is a structural device against which a perspective of systemic transformation must be activated, with initiatives ranging from educational prevention to workplace measures.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# INITIATIVES / DEMANDS
|
||||
|
||||
*(Examples of concrete pirate care and bottom-up practices, both emerging and pre-existing)*
|
||||
|
||||
AWARENESS AND COMMUNITY RESOURCES
|
||||
The Chilean feminist collective [Red Chilena contra la Violencia Hacia las Mujeres](http://www.nomasviolenciacontramujeres.cl) launched a series of resources under the Twitter hashtag [#enrednoscuidamos](https://twitter.com/hashtag/EnRedNosCuidamos?src=hashtag_click). These resources aim to create awareness on the systemic quality of domestic violence and offer as well practical information.
|
||||
|
||||
Juntas en Acción is a Chilean network that addresses women's rights. They released the document [Violencia de Género en Chile - SPA](https://media.elmostrador.cl/2020/04/Documento_ViolenciadeGenero_JuntasenAccion.pdf) that dennounces the insufficient state policies in Chile for preventing gender violence and presents proposals for a more efficient management and perspective.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
PREVENTIVE INITIATIVES FOR MEN
|
||||
In the Argentinian region of Neuquén exists since 2018 the Dispositivo de Atención a Varones (DAV). They work with men offenders (when there is already a denounce) to prevent relapse, trying to deconstruct their notions of masculinity and power within their families. As developed in [this article - SPA](https://latfem.org/ir-al-corazon-del-patriarcado-un-dispositivo-para-varones-que-ejercen-violencia/), the center offers therapy for closed groups, where they work around the topics of paternity, sexuality, violence, etc. A critical aspect they address is the notion of property over other members of the family (partner, children). They also confront ideas of individual and personal senses of the law with current legal frameworks, trying to introduce the concept of responsibility with a community. DAV works with people from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and they observe that violence acquires many forms, more or less subtle, and different strategies of concealment. Life stories are incorporated in the narratives as a way to connect (or disentangle) people with their upbringings.
|
||||
|
||||
There is also an article in the Argentinian magazine [Revista Anfibia - SPA](http://revistaanfibia.com/ensayo/los-varones-agreden/) on other preventive initiatives.
|
||||
|
||||
# NEWS
|
||||
|
||||
*(what's been happening, other news that impact the situation)*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# COMMENTARIES
|
||||
|
||||
*(critical thinking / analysis pieces - also not corona-specific, but about the issue in focus)*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [Home Is Not A Safe Place For Everyone](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/domestic-violence-coronavirus_n_5e6a6ac1c5b6bd8156f3641b)
|
||||
- [How to stop Coronavirus Lockdown Leading to an Upsurge in Violence Against Women, from the Oxfam blog](https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/how-to-stop-coronavirus-lockdown-leading-to-an-upsurge-in-violence-against-women%ef%bb%bf/)
|
||||
- [Pandemic Inequalities, Pandemic Demands](https://www.weareplanc.org/blog/pandemic-inequalities-pandemic-demands/) by Plan C.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# RESOURCES
|
||||
|
||||
*(links to other repositories, syllabi, practical advice, how-to, etc.)*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- **[Survival kit for men under pressure]**(https://www.maenner.ch/fr/corona/)
|
||||
|
||||
A prevention contribution by the umbrella organizations for work with boys, men, and fathers in Switzerland ([www.maenner.ch](www.maenner.ch)), Austria ([www.dmoe-info.at](www.dmoe-info.at)) and Germany ([www.bundesforum-maenner.de](www.bundesforum-maenner.de)). This leaflet formulates recommendations for self-management to help men get through the crisis without violence. The document makes recommendations for self-management to help men get through this crisis without using violence. This leaflet is available in: Français, Deutsch, Italiano, English, Español, Português, Türkçe, Kurdî (Kurmancî), Shqip, Srpsko-hrvatski, Al-ʿarabiyya, Fārsī, Tamil, Tigriññā, Somali, Russkiy, Polski, Magyar, Slovenský, Nederlands. (other links from main webpage)
|
||||
|
||||
[Deutsche version](https://www.maenner.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GZA_Merkblatt_Corona_DEUTSCH.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
[Versione italiana](https://www.maenner.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GZA_Merkblatt_Corona_ITALIENISCH.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
[English version](https://www.maenner.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GZA_Merkblatt_Corona_ENGLISCH.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
[Versión en Español](https://www.maenner.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GZA_Merkblatt_Corona_SPANISCH.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [VARONES Y MASCULINIDAD(ES) - (ES)](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zZklRNyLhwZLc2ZTWu4hSYtEJDc9ftN3/view)
|
||||
Herramientas pedagógicas para facilitar talleres con adolescentes y jóvenes.
|
||||
(A pedagogical tool to develop workshops for young men).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Don't be an asshole!"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Purpose
|
||||
|
||||
- Critical understanding of one's own complicity in criminalizing others
|
||||
- Finding one's own way to support and solidarize with those subjected to dehumanization and criminalization
|
||||
- Challenge common legal and institutional practices of criminalization
|
||||
|
||||
# Method: Workshop
|
||||
|
||||
'A little prison in the Hedgehog's land' is a picture book addressing the criminalization of the so-called illegal migrant/refugee wandering through the woods and running from danger. The book was inspired by the tale *Ježeva kučica* (Hedgehog's Home) in which a hedgehog is in search of a home. The title and the story were modified to tell the story of the detention centre in Ježevo ("Hedgehog land") near Zagreb, the Croatian capital. The book was made by the group of students and a mentor at the Centre for Peace Studies in Croatia. The book consists of two parts, one that is a story to read, reflect on and discuss, and the other that represents a game. The booklet can be used in both ways or separately, depending on the specific purpose and time frame.
|
||||
|
||||
*Note: The booklet is in Croatian language only and is not accessible online for now.*
|
||||
|
||||
Time: 90 to 120 minutes
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Download/Upload"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Download/Upload
|
||||
|
||||
The next session focuses on large repositories of digital text, so-called *shadow libraries*, that are technologically organised around actions of download and upload from and to server infrastructures. The session introduces learners to:
|
||||
|
||||
- a) workflows used in digital text sharing, collection-building and collection-maintaining;
|
||||
- b) three shadow libraries: [Library Genesis](https://gen.lib.rus.ec), [Aaaaarg](https://aaaaarg.fail) and [Memory of the World](https://library.memoryoftheworld.org), and the legal pressures they face;
|
||||
- c) politicising interventions that articulate practices of digital text sharing as massive, collective and commoning.
|
||||
|
||||
The goal is to get learners acquainted with three examples of shadow libraries that are created by communities of contributors and benefit a broader public. The fact that they maintain centralised repositories and they do not obfuscate their existence entails a need for an articulation of politics of collective disobedience and practice of collective custodianship. This session covers a lot of practical ground and different debates, requiring more time than the remaining sessions in this topic. You can break these segments up into separate chunks of time or re-organise them into one longer workshop. Depending on the number of participants and their skills, the time needed for each segments might vary from what is proposed here.
|
||||
|
||||
## Segment 1: Download / Upload
|
||||
|
||||
**Duration:** 90 minutes
|
||||
|
||||
**Methods:** learning by doing, learners have to use their own computers to complete the tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
**Goal:** In this practical segment, the learners will acquire first-hand knowledge of how to download and upload, create collections and maintain collections on Library Genesis, Aaaaarg and Memory of the World.
|
||||
|
||||
**Task 1:**
|
||||
- download from Library Genesis,
|
||||
- [upload to Library Genesis](https://libgen.is/librarian/) (uname:genesis, passwd: upload),
|
||||
- [upload using LibGen Desktop](https://wiki.mhut.org/software:libgen_desktop)
|
||||
|
||||
**Task 2:**
|
||||
- login to Aaaaarg,
|
||||
- download from Aaaaarg,
|
||||
- add a [request for an item](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/add) and upload that item,
|
||||
- start a [new collection](https://aaaaarg.fail/collection/add), add items to your collection (go to an item -> collections column -> 'sort into collection')
|
||||
- start a [discussion](https://aaaaarg.fail/talk/add), add to an existing discussion
|
||||
|
||||
**Task 3:**
|
||||
- download from Memory of the World,
|
||||
- install [Calibre](https://calibre-ebook.com/download), add an item to Calibre, edit its metadata (right-click -> edit metadata)
|
||||
- for the advanced learners: install in command line (> pip3 install accorder) and test the accorder tool, use the local version of the collection HTML file created by accorder
|
||||
|
||||
**Discussion:** Learners should summarise the differences between the three shadow libraries, particularly focusing on public accessibility, how the work of uploading items is organised, how the bibliographic metadata is handled and what type of engagement of the community of uploaders and the community of downloaders they suggest.
|
||||
|
||||
## Segment 2: Library Genesis
|
||||
|
||||
**Duration:** 90 minutes
|
||||
|
||||
**Methodology:** reading & discussion, analysis of the interface
|
||||
|
||||
**Goal:** In this segment, the learners will get acquainted with the history, community and communication infrastructure of Library Genesis. Library Genesis has emerged as the largest shadow library after the collection of Gigapedia/Library.nu (shut down under legal pressure) was merged into its collection, and is presently the largest of shadow libraries by some margin, holding over 2 million titles. Library Genesis's code, database and collection are all downloadable, and there is a number of mirrors providing alternative access to some or all of its holdings.
|
||||
|
||||
The segment starts by discussing two texts documenting the history and operation of Library Genesis that the learners are asked to read in advance. They are then given time to analyse the segments of the Library Genesis website and [the bulletin board forum of the Library Genesis](https://forum.mhut.org/viewforum.php?f=6).
|
||||
|
||||
The aim is to get learners to see how the politics of community is implemented and how it follows from the technical aspects of the Library Genesis.
|
||||
|
||||
### References
|
||||
|
||||
, also available at http://computationalculture.net/book-piracy-as-peer-preservation/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Segment 3: Aaaaarg & Memory of the World - legal cases and politicisation
|
||||
|
||||
**Duration:** 90 minutes
|
||||
|
||||
**Methodology:** advance reading and discussion guided through questions
|
||||
|
||||
The learners are asked in advance to read up on Aaron Swartz, on Elsevier v Library Genesis case, and read the texts *Aaaaarghhhhh, a Lawsuit!*, Custodians.online letter and 'System of a Takedown'. The discussion should first start from going back to the shutdown of Gigapedia/Library.nu that led to the ascendancy of Library Genesis. Learners are asked to summarise the aspects of legal cases around shadow libraries and reflect on the larger context of struggles over copyright and intellectual property that these are part of. They are asked to reflect on the denial of access and limitation of the mission of public libraries, and the complementarity of shadow libraries and public libraries.
|
||||
|
||||
The discussion should then focus on implications of the three shadow libraries Library Genesis, Aaaaarg and Memory of the World. They operate in plain sight, have large communities of contributors and maintain largely centralised repositories - what strategies do they use to diminish legal vulnerability and what arguments do they use to publicly articulate their work? What role does in those strategies play the societal institutions of production and dissemination of knowledge with their missions and processes — for instance, public library and its mission of providing decommodified access to all literature to all of the society.
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, the discussion should focus on the Custodians.online letter, to analyse the main points around the inversion of property form into a commons, collective disobedience and response to the larger context of socio-economic crisis and the crisis of public access to knowledge.
|
||||
|
||||
### References
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
, also available at http://custodians.online
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
, also available at https://www.gofundme.com/f/aaaaarg
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Cómo asistir a personas aisladas en sus hogares"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Producido por el equipo [Pirate Care Syllabus](http://syllabus.pirate.care/). Última edición: Maro 21, 12am CST.*
|
||||
|
||||
*This document also exists as an English version: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Ovaj dokument dostupan je i na hrvatskom: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Dieses Dokument existiert auch in einer deutschen Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# De por qué organizar la asistencia
|
||||
|
||||
Lo más importante que las personas pueden hacer para reducir la propagación del virus y la mortalidad es evitar el contacto cercano (2 metros de distancia en espacios cerrados, 1 metro al aire libre), trabajar desde el hogar y aislarse en el hogar. Las personas que pertenecen a grupos de riesgo (mayores de 60 años y/o que padecen afecciones crónicas como enfermedades cardiovasculares y cardíacas, presión arterial alta o baja, diabetes, enfermedades pulmonares o del sistema inmunitario) no deben abandonar su hogar. A las personas que han viajado recientemente, o que presentan síntomas, se les aconseja (o se les ordena) el aislamiento, quedarse en casa y evitar el contacto con otras personas. En muchos lugares, a medida que se introducen medidas de bloqueo, todos quienes no tienen el deber de ir a trabajar deben quedarse en casa y salir sólo para hacer las compras necesarias, disminuyendo el riesgo de una mayor propagación.
|
||||
|
||||
El aislamiento, sin embargo, crea obstáculos importantes para asegurar el suministro regular de alimentos, medicamentos, artículos de limpieza y otros, y dificultades para atender tareas rutinarias como sacar la basura o recoger el correo. El aislamiento implica una reconfiguración radical de la organización de la vida cotidiana para quienes están en aislamiento. Las condiciones de aislamiento, además, pueden conducir a la desorientación y otras dificultades emocionales.
|
||||
|
||||
Si no estás en un grupo de riesgo y quieres organizarte (en grupo o individualmente) para ayudar a los miembros de tu familia, amistades, vecindario u otros grupos, puedes tener en cuenta lo siguiente para construir diferentes escenarios.
|
||||
|
||||
# Hazles saber que estás disponible
|
||||
|
||||
Puede hacerles saber que puedes ayudar publicando una nota en la entrada del edificio, dejándola debajo o al lado de su puerta, o llamándoles. También puedes publicitarlo en redes sociales o en una página web, pero supón que las personas mayores pueden no tener acceso a Internet así que el papel y el teléfono son más confiables en estos casos. Deja un número de teléfono como contacto junto a información básica sobre ti o tu grupo para establecer la confianza inicial. Hazles saber en tu nota que si ellos mismos no necesitan asistencia pueden informar a otras personas que tu estás ofreciendo ayuda.
|
||||
|
||||
Tu nota inicial puede ser muy simple, por ejemplo:
|
||||
|
||||
>Queridos vecinos,
|
||||
|
||||
> si necesitan ayuda para obtener sus alimentos y provisiones médicas, recoger correo o sacar a pasear a su perro, llámenos al [tu número de teléfono aquí] y podemos hacer esas cosas por usted, tomando las medidas necesarias para evitar exponerlo al contagio.
|
||||
|
||||
> Quédese en casa y manténgase saludable. No dude en contactarnos, estamos aquí para ayudarlo,
|
||||
|
||||
> [Describa brevemente quién es usted y su nombre, p. "Vecino/a de la planta baja", "Grupo de ayuda mutua vecina"]
|
||||
|
||||
# Qué considerar al organizar la asistencia
|
||||
|
||||
Al organizar la asistencia, asegúrate de:
|
||||
- Asistir a la persona en aislamiento siguiendo pautas sobre aislamiento en el hogar, asistencia a grupos en riesgo y orientación oficial del tipo de esta [guía](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-prevent-spread-sp.html).
|
||||
- ¿Qué mercadería necesitan? ¿Pueden pedirlas en línea y recibirlas, o es mejor que tú se las lleves?
|
||||
- ¿Tienen los medicamentos que necesitan? ¿Necesitan una receta? ¿Puedes recoger sus medicamentos de la farmacia? ¿Tienen máscaras, jabones y desinfectantes? ¿Tienen un termómetro y medicamentos para la fiebre y la tos?
|
||||
- ¿Pueden preparar una comida o necesitan ayuda? ¿Puedes hacerles tú una comida o arreglar que les entreguen comida de una cocina solidaria?
|
||||
- ¿Necesitan que les saquen la basura o recojan el correo?
|
||||
- ¿Tienen una mascota de la casa? ¿Necesitan sacarla a caminar?
|
||||
- ¿Tienen dinero? ¿Tienen efectivo? ¿Pueden pagar en línea? ¿Tienen una persona de confianza que pueda retirar efectivo por ellos? ¿Necesitan asistencia financiera?
|
||||
- Para minimizar tu movimiento, intenta planificar y hacer mandados para varios días a la vez.
|
||||
|
||||
# Qué considerar al entregar artículos
|
||||
|
||||
Al entregar cosas, considere también lo siguiente:
|
||||
- Evitar el contacto cercano (2 metros en espacio cerrado y 1 metro en aire abierto, y mantener la interacción breve) para evitar la transmisión del virus por el aire.
|
||||
- Es mejor dejar las cosas frente a la puerta para que puedan recogerlas una vez que te hayas alejado a la distancia recomendada.
|
||||
- También pueden hacer lo mismo con la basura o cualquier cosa que tengan que darte.
|
||||
- Si no puede evitar el contacto social directo, la persona aislada debe usar una máscara. Primero déjales una máscara si no tienen una.
|
||||
- Maneje con cuidado los artículos para evitar la transmisión del virus a través de las superficies. Use guantes desechables para manipular los artículos que entregarás y las cosas que está tomando.
|
||||
|
||||
# Qué considerar si vives con la persona aislada en el hogar
|
||||
|
||||
Las personas que están aisladas, ya sea porque podrían estar o están infectadas, o porque pertenecen a uno de los grupos de riesgo, con frecuencia vivirán en un hogar compartido con otras personas. Para aquellos que son mayores, enfermos graves, enfermos o discapacitados que dependen de la asistencia de otros, pero que viven en lugares y situaciones donde dicha asistencia no puede ser brindada por instituciones calificadas y cuidadores capacitados, el distanciamiento social y el aislamiento aconsejados podrían no ser fácilmente implementables y será necesario el contacto directo. Si tienes a una persona aislada en tu hogar o eres un cuidador que vive en casa, considera los consejos para cuidadores de niños u otra persona en aislamiento individual en la siguiente [guía](https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/documentos/Manejo_domiciliario_de_COVID-19.pdf).
|
||||
|
||||
En breve:
|
||||
- Si es posible, la persona aislada debe usar una habitación separada. Ventila y desinfecta regularmente la habitación.
|
||||
- Si es posible, esa persona debe usar un baño y un baño separados. De lo contrario, el inodoro y el baño deben desinfectarse después de su uso.
|
||||
- La persona debe estar aislada de otras personas en el hogar que pertenezcan a uno de los grupos de riesgo.
|
||||
- Si esa persona necesita el cuidado de otras personas, reduce el número de cuidadores. Si la persona está infectada, asegúrate de que los cuidadores no pertenezcan a uno de los grupos de riesgo.
|
||||
- Los cuidadores deben mantener la distancia requerida (dos metros) si no están proporcionando apoyo directo, usar la máscara durante el tiempo que estén en la misma habitación y lavarse las manos antes y después del contacto.
|
||||
- Desinfecte las superficies, separe la basura, particularmente los tejidos y otros artículos contaminados. Mantén la basura contaminada firmemente atada en una bolsa de plástico en la habitación con la persona aislada y llévela a la papelera por separado justo antes de la recolección regular.
|
||||
- Usa cubiertos y platos separados, lávalos y desinféctalos después de usarlos.
|
||||
- Lave por separado, regularmente y a alta temperatura, ropa de cama, toallas y ropa.
|
||||
|
||||
# Mantener contacto regular y brindar apoyo emocional.
|
||||
|
||||
Contáctate con ellos regularmente. Escucha. Interésate. Considera lo siguiente:
|
||||
- ¿Tienen todo lo que necesitan? ¿Se sienten bien? ¿Necesitan asistencia médica?
|
||||
- A medida que las personas permanecen en aislamiento social, pueden perder contacto y apoyo emocional. Prepárate para pasar tiempo hablando con ellos y entendiendo cómo se sienten y cómo se enfrentan a la situación.
|
||||
- Si crees que no están bien emocionalmente, ten a mano una línea directa de ayuda psicológica y aconséjalos buscar una consulta.
|
||||
- Si desea informarse sobre cómo proporcionar apoyo psicológico autónomo, considere mirar el tema Autonomía psicosocial en nuestro programa de estudios Pirate Care.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Niñes en cuarentena"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*This document has an English version: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Dieses Dokument existiert auch in einer deutschen Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Crisis doméstica
|
||||
|
||||
La domesticidad forzada tensiona incluso familias y personas que no son habitualmente violentas. Para muchos, #quedateencasa no es una invitación tranquilizadora. Para leer más acerca de violencia doméstica como resultado de domesticidad forzada, puedes ir a la sesión (aún en Inglés) . Muy seguido, las víctimas más jóvenes de la violencia doméstica–infantes-corren riesgo de ser descuidades. Si un grupo que co-habita include niñes, tal vez confinades a una casa demasiado pequeña y sin espacio al aire libre, la situación se vuelve muy compleja y de fácil escalada. Es útil, entonces, el buscar maneras de asegurar una coexistencia pacífica y agradable para todas las personas.
|
||||
|
||||
# Explicar la pandemia a les niñes
|
||||
|
||||
El primer paso en esta dirección es explicar a les niñes, en un lenguaje apropiado para su edad, cómo estamos viviendo esta emergencia y por qué esta situación ocurre.
|
||||
|
||||
En las últimas semanas, han surgido muchas iniciativas destinadas a facilitar el tiempo de les niñes en casa o auto-aislamiento. Éstas incluyen: usos alternativos de tecnologías existentes, demandas para la suspensión de pagos que restrinjan acceso a contenidos digitales, producción de contenido sobre la emergencia orientado a niñes, prácticas de atención colectiva entre familias, barrios y otros grupos de personas.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Nuevas e impensables áreas de negociación entre adultos y niñes...*
|
||||
|
||||
# Mantener niñes actives
|
||||
|
||||
Aquí hay algunas recomendaciones y experiencias del contexto Italiano que pueden servir de inspiración:
|
||||
|
||||
## ¡Sin olvidarse de bailar!
|
||||
No moverse es dañino, especialmente para les niñes. En cuarentena forzada, es útil definir un momento del día a actividades físicas, cada uno según sus habilidades. Si no puedes dejar la casa para caminar o correr ¡sube la música y baila hasta cansarte!
|
||||
|
||||
## Graba tus historias y compártelas en tu comunidad
|
||||
Lee en voz alta historias infantiles con una grabadora, articulando bien las palabras y sin prisa. Tú probablemente ya tienes una grabadora: tu teléfono! Invita a otras personas a hacer lo mismo y abre un email para almacenar los audios. Para compartir las historias puedes crear un canal de Telegram u otros chats que mantengas con tu comunidad (cuidado: dos audios diarios es más que suficiente!). Este es un [ejemplo](https://t.me/storiealtelefono) de un canal Telegram italiano.
|
||||
|
||||
## Producir y usar contenido *hecho por niñes* y para niñes
|
||||
Si entender lo que pasa no es fácil para nadie, para les niñes es aún más difícil. Sin entender lo que un virus es, las restricciones actuales son incomprensibles. Por esta razón, hablar con les niñes es importante y puede llevar al surgimiento de nuevos puntos de vista y nuevos contenidos sobre la emergencia. Producir nuevo contenido con elles (grabaciones de audio, videos, dibujos, textos...), o mostrarles estos contenidos, es una manera de mostrarles lo que pasa y puede servir para calmarles acerca de lo desconocido.
|
||||
|
||||
Este [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttfyyQGdZFg&feature=youtu.be) (en italiano) es un buen ejemplo.
|
||||
|
||||
Hay guías también dirigidas a niñes como la preparada por la [Unicef](https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/10151/file/Guia-para-hablar-sobre-el-coronavirus-con-los-ninos-mas-pequenos.pdf). En la red hay muchos otros materiales de fácil acceso que son útiles y divertidos para pasar tiempo juntes.
|
||||
|
||||
Para inspirar niñes a hacer animación se les puede mostrar [EXPERIMENT 120-Inglés](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKQRV4XKZt4&list=PLXnmdJHep6dS8H1BtTNHjgCm6KUz2L1Q1), un playlist de Youtube con films experimentales cortos seleccionados por [Studio Walter](https://www.instagram.com/mariepierrebonniol/). Muchos de estos filmes son cortos (entre 1 y 4 minutos) y pueden ser disfrutados sin distinción de lenguaje. Una buena introducción a la animación se puede encontrar en este [tutorial Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/tv/B-K2MG7FyuS) creado por Cool Marbles Stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
# Colectivizar el cuidado de niñes
|
||||
En esta emergencia, muchas familias enfrentan grandes dificultades financieras y laborales. En algunos casos, personas perderán meses de sueldo o serán forzadas a trabajar aunque las escuelas estén cerradas. dejar niñes con sus abueles debe ser evitado, ya que la edad y condiciones de salud aumentan la posibilidad de mortalidad por Coronavirus. Es preferble organizar el cuidado de niñes de otra manera:
|
||||
|
||||
a. Coordina con otras familias del vecindario para cuidar a les niñes juntos (lo mejor sería formar un grupo fijo y cerrado).
|
||||
b. Organiza un servicio de cuidadores en el vecindario a través de personas disponibles para jugar (verifica si hay un grupo solidario activo en tu área).
|
||||
|
||||
En un ejemplo [ejemplo](https://www.facebook.com/Ri.make1/photos/a.1461860884067343/2433143390272416/?type=3&theater) en Milán, vecinos se organizaron a través de una planilla simple compartida para coordinar a las personas que necesitaban ayuda con las personas disponibles, recibiendo soporte legal para manejar eventuales limitaciones de movimiento.
|
||||
|
||||
# ¡Que les niñes sigan socializando!
|
||||
les niñes también pueden tomar ventaja de las tecnologías disponibles, En estos tiempos de aislamiento, herramientas como [jitsi.org](https://www.jitsi.org) permiten organizar llamadas colectivas. Organiza pic-nics online y chats entre niñes. Mientras elles interactúan, trata de irte más lejos y respetar su privacidad.
|
||||
|
||||
# Tareas escolares
|
||||
Dependiendo de la escuela, les niñes tendrán más o menos tareas escolares que hacer. Para niñes preescolares o en primaria, la recomendación es decidir en conjunto una hora específica del día en la cual hacer tareas bajo supervisión, sin abrumarles con muchas exigencias. Es mejor si leen un libro extra por su propia voluntad!
|
||||
|
||||
Para adolescentes, las cosas son más complejas porque pueden usar diferentes tipos de lecciones online. Aquí también es importante considerar el aspecto emocional de les estudiantes, dado lo complicado de la situación, y no concentrarse sólo en su rendimiento.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Derechos reproductivos, Violencia y Cuidado"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Derechos reproductivos
|
||||
|
||||
Cuando los procedimientos rutinarios y no-urgentes están siendo postpuestos en las áreas más afectadas por la epidemia, lo excepcional de la situación está impactando negativamente el derecho a un aborto seguro–en aquellos lugares donde es legalmente posible. En algunos países, como Estados Unidos, la epidemia está tratando de usarse de manera oportunista para restringir estos derechos. [Republicanos tratan de capitalizar la epidemia para introducir lenguaje anti-abortista -EN](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/03/house-republicans-tried-to-capitalize-on-coronavirus-to-sneak-anti-abortion-language-into-law/)
|
||||
|
||||
De esta manera, organizar redes que puedan mapear los servicios disponibles se vuelve una prioridad. En Italia, un canal [Telegram](https://t.me/aborto_emergenzaCOVID19) y un servicio telefónico 24h fueron abiertos por la red [Obiezione Respinta](https://obiezionerespinta.info) para brindar información sobre centros hospitalarios y farmacias que garanticen/provean el ejercicio de derechos reproducticos.
|
||||
|
||||
En muchos contextos de habla hispana el acceso a un aborto gratuito y seguro no está garantizado por ley. En Chile, por ejemplo, [InfoAbortoChile](http://infoabortochile.org) tiene un teléfono de ayuda y guías para abortos con medicamentos.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ver también:**
|
||||
- [Coronavirus y aborto: el derecho a la interrupción del embarazo no está en cuarentena](https://latfem.org/coronavirus-y-aborto-el-derecho-a-la-interrupcion-del-embarazo-no-esta-en-cuarentena/)
|
||||
|
||||
**Nota**
|
||||
Si quieres divulgar iniciativas (sin poner en riesgo a otras personas), comunícate con nosotres.
|
||||
|
||||
# Violencia doméstica
|
||||
|
||||
Advertencia: para muches, #quedateencasa no es una invitación tranquilizadora. Un aumento de la violencia doméstica en tiempos de domesticidad forzada, algo desgraciadamente fácil de imaginar, fue evidenciado en el primer centro de la epidemia en China, donde los [divorcios](https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2020/03/coronavirus-spike-in-divorces-as-fighting-couples-forced-into-isolation-report.html) aumentaron y el hashtag [#AntiDomesticViolenceDuringEpidemic #疫期反家暴#](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51705199) ha sido ampliamente usado.
|
||||
|
||||
Más recientemente, hemos visto tendencias similares en otros países afectados por el coronavirus. En países en el que el femicidio es ya un gran problema incluso en condiciones menos difíciles, el encierro y la precariedad sólo empeora la situación. Los escalofriantes videos de violencia doméstica que han circulado en redes sociales son una dramática prueba. No linkearemos esos videos acá pero los casos están siendo mapeados por activistas en la red.
|
||||
|
||||
Colectivos organizados bajo el lema Ni Una Menos han levantado sistemas de ayuda y protestas en distintos lugares del mundo. Un ejemplo es [Ni Una Menos Argentina](https://www.facebook.com/NUMArgentina/) que está organizando protestas para concientizar sobre el elevado número de femicidios que han ocurrido desde el inicio de la cuarentena. La [Red Chilena contra la Violencia hacia las Mujeres](http://www.nomasviolenciacontramujeres.cl) ha creado recursos para mujeres en situaciones de peligro [#juntasnoscuidamos](https://twitter.com/MujeresRed/status/1240815218143506432).
|
||||
|
||||
En este contexto, se vuelve cada vez más claro cómo la violencia de género es una construcción estructural contra la que es necesario activar una transformación sistémica, con iniciativas que van desde la educación hasta las medidas protectoras en el hogar y el trabajo.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ver también:**
|
||||
- [Pandemia: 14 recomendaciones de ONU para que los gobiernos adopten medidas con perspectiva de género](https://latfem.org/pandemia-14-recomendaciones-de-naciones-unidas-para-que-los-gobiernos-adopten-medidas-con-perspectiva-de-genero/)
|
||||
- [Violencia de Género en Cuarentena](https://radiojgm.uchile.cl/violencia-de-genero-en-cuarentena-analisis-y-propuestas-de-organizaciones-feministas)
|
||||
- [Varones en aislamiento obligatorio: nuevos roles y propuestas para frenar a tiempo la violencia machista](https://latfem.org/varones-en-aislamiento-obligatorio-nuevos-roles-y-propuestas-para-frenar-a-tiempo-la-violencia-machista/?fbclid=IwAR0HWYaREnhcBDxTlMqAKZWNty7KCxvMhJsRpWKka2eX9MH9Q2sQ6qDEHdk)
|
||||
|
||||
# Trabajos de cuidados
|
||||
|
||||
Les trabajadores que arriesgan los mayores riesgos de salud durante la pandemia son aquelles que hacen [tareas esenciales de reproducción social - EN](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html), como personas encargadas de la limpieza, enfermeres, cuidadores del hogar o cajeres. Sin embargo, como discusiones feministas han explicado ya muchas veces, estos trabajos son los peores pagados en términos de salarios, condiciones laborales y de seguridad, y precariedad. Estos trabajos, además, están muy seguido a cargo de mujeres y migrantes.
|
||||
|
||||
[Infografía interactiva de Trabajos y Riesgo - UK, EN](https://autonomy.work/portfolio/jari/?fbclid=IwAR1YQ9gyXUqBIUF03FakDJHt_OqVVys607137RxBKcuygT0Mf2c-bk6SB9U).
|
||||
|
||||
La declaración anónima de trabajadores de la limpieza en un hospital de Bergamo (una de las ciudades más afectadas por la pandemia) da cuenta de esta situación:
|
||||
|
||||
> Somos les trabajadores invisibles. Somos quienes se levantan a las 5 de la mañana, a quien nadie ve. La única huella de nuestra existencia es la limpieza que hacemos, que pasa desapercibida y se da por sentada. Pero existimos, y estamos acá. Nosotres, les trabajadores de limpieza del hospital, también estamos haciendo todo para hacer nuestra organización lo más segura durante este período. Estamos aquí, a pesar que nadie habla de nosotres, a pesar de los miedos y los riesgos que enfrentamos nosotres y nuestras familias. Estamos aquí y trabajamos, incluso si nuestro acuerdo de negociación colectiva expiró hace años, dejándonos con salarios ridículos. Sí, también trabajamos incesantemente como les demás, por nosotres y por toda la comunidad.
|
||||
|
||||
**Fuente:**
|
||||
- [Sveglia all’alba per ospedali lindi e in ordine: l’importanza delle addette alle pulizie](https://www.bergamonews.it/2020/03/12/sveglia-allalba-per-ospedali-lindi-e-in-ordine-limportanza-delle-addette-alle-pulizie/358865/)
|
||||
|
||||
En el Reino Unido, el personal de limpieza, transporte y catering en el Hospital Lewisham, donde se trataron los casos de Coronavirus, se retiró después de que el contratista privado ISS no pudo pagar los salarios de los trabajadores del hospital.
|
||||
|
||||
**Fuente:**
|
||||
- [Cleaners in coronavirus-hit London hospital walk out after private contractor fails to pay wages](https://www.gmb-southern.org.uk/news/cleaners-walk-out-lewisham-hospital-contractor-fails-pay-wages)
|
||||
|
||||
Mientras tanto, un informe reciente sobre el trabajo de cuidado publicado por la ONG Oxfam estima que:
|
||||
> Aumentar el impuesto a la riqueza del 1% más rico en un 0,5% adicional por los próximos 10 años es equivalente a las inversiones necesarias para crear 117 millones de empleos en educación, salud y cuidado de ancianos y otros sectores, y para cerrar los déficit de atención.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Fuente:**
|
||||
- [Time to Care. Unpaid and underpaid care work and the global inequality crisis. Oxfam briefing Paper, January 2020.](https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Otros recursos del Syllabus Pirate Care
|
||||
|
||||
Para una introducción más amplia a los muchos temas relacionados con el trabajo de cuidado, puede verse las sesiones  and  (sólo en Inglés por el momento).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Otras lecturas
|
||||
|
||||
- [Las limpiadoras contra el coronavirus](http://www.izquierdadiario.es/Las-limpiadoras-contra-el-coronavirus)
|
||||
- [L’emergenza di prendersi cura di noi: risorse online al tempo di Covid-19, by Chayn Italia (ITA)](https://www.che-fare.com/chayn-donne-covid-cura/)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Etextiles as a Tool to Decolonize Electronics"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
This workshop focuses on how it is possible to introduce eTextiles as part of a curriculum to create opportunities of working across the domains of both crafts and technology, reintroducing a historical link between computing, engineering, and traditionally women-led crafting.
|
||||
Depending on the context, location and background of participants (students, citizens, teachers...) it is possible to tailor this theory/practice workshop to different lenghts of time, varying from 3 hours to 3 days.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is the paper summarizing the key aspects of the workshop:
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Excavating Histories and Fictions"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
If gender constructs of “male” and “female” are social fictions validated by patriarchal science, then we should be able to define and create our own fictions. In the first part of this session, participants will collectively read articles and chapters that help excavate the strange and twisted history of hormones and how this has allowed patriarchal institutions to cement the binary system of gender in the public mind. This collective excavation also hopes to reveal the complex entanglements between petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries, medical science, corporate marketing, marginalized bodies, and environmental health.
|
||||
|
||||
The second half of the session will talk about current work being done by artists, performers, and open source practitioners who are paving the way to decolonize our bodies from these violent histories and constructions of binary gender.
|
||||
|
||||
# Histories
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
# Present Practices
|
||||
- Transhackfeminism (https://transhackfeminist.noblogs.org/)
|
||||
- Anarcha Gland by gynepunk lab (https://anarchagland.hotglue.me/)
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- Discard Studies (https://discardstudies.com/)
|
||||
- Mapping a Hormone Hyperobject by Rian Hammond (http://www.ryanhammond.us/)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Exercise: Imagining the Game"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The following exercise involves devising a speculative pirate game and was designed as a coda for the sessions we have written under the topic of 'Autonomous Emotional Support'. It can also be used as a free-standing exercise. Examining the hows and whys of autonomous emotional support, we are led to question who are the agents of such support, and the same question could be asked of a lot of pirate practices.
|
||||
|
||||
Who is the 'I' or 'we' of autonomy? Practicing autonomy, consent, collective self-defense, building communal capacities, may constitute a kind of hacking or pirating of dominant categories of self and other.
|
||||
|
||||
Autonomy from what, anyway?
|
||||
|
||||
> I mentioned my idea for a brotherhood, that I had called earthen cup, the form of which would be determined by some type of ritual. You drifted into your own thoughts at this stage. You hate all that anarchist stuff, or at least the people involved. You didn’t want to talk about them. Then, as if from far away, you said, it is the deliberate investment in something that is not real that makes it work. It is the sketching out of an imaginary place and behaving within it as if it were real. It is the expenditure of all that rehearsed energy in one performance that causes the specialness. I agreed, it is its dissipation, a fog burnt off by the sun. There is no residue. It is about something special that does not last, and which is intended to be lost. It is something that cannot be repeated.
|
||||
|
||||
> I said, in essence, it should be understood as the extension of possibilities for interpersonal relations under ritualised circumstances. You are talking about a magic circle, you said. I admitted, in effect, that I was. By adopting unreal personae, or masks, in a very tightly controlled environment, a laboratory for behaviours, the actants temporarily escape the economic determination of their existence. Using behaviours conditioned by imagined laws the actants are able to experience a diminishing of the control that is typically exerted over them by real determinations. Aspects of our selves that are conditioned to go unused can now be drawn upon whilst all the usual registers are momentarily disconnected.
|
||||
|
||||
# Further Reading
|
||||
|
||||
-  (Ch.1 Earthen Cup - esp. pp. 1-11, 18-25, 26-29, 32-33; Ch 2 pp.57-63)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Exploring Interdependencies"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# What is involved in our choices?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This workshop aims to collectively learn how to visualize what is involved in our choices; to analyze the material condition of invisibility of the activities that underpin what we do; and, finally, to rethink who and where we are in relation to our choices.
|
||||
The workshop can be conceived as a stand-alone session, however we suggest to organize it together with the workshop .
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Timing
|
||||
|
||||
3 hours
|
||||
|
||||
## Keywords
|
||||
|
||||
Interdependency, Environment, Work, Value/s, Power Relations
|
||||
|
||||
## Tools
|
||||
|
||||
Tables, Chairs, Pen, Print-outs of [Map 4-1](/topic/commoningcare/exploringinterdependencies/tools/4.MAP-01.jpg) and [Map 4-2](/topic/commoningcare/exploringinterdependencies/tools/4.MAP-01.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Let's learn together
|
||||
## Step 1: Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
Ask participants to introduce themselves (3 minutes each).
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 2: We are not alone (20 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Ask participants to choose a normal activity they do when alone (i.e. eating; putting on make-up; doing their nails; reading) and to write it down at the top of [Map 4-1](/topic/commoningcare/exploringinterdependencies/tools/4.MAP-01.jpg). Split participants into groups of 3/4 people and ask each group to fill all maps together. Guide groups to deeply analyse each activity by listing every single task and effort that underpins it. For instance, if the activity is “eating a tomato”, ask them to unpack all the necessary processes that precede having a tomato in a dish ready to be eaten.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 3: Magical discoveries (30 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Put the completed maps at the centre of the room and ask participants to report back on what they have identified behind their simple activities, taking 2/3 cases as examples. Guide a collective discussion around what the maps show, highlighting both the human labour and the non-human energy involved in each process. At the end take a photo of all the maps.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 4: Let’s read (40 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Start a reading group of the chapter Consuming Suffering (p. 107) of Shotwell’s book “Against purity”, changing the reader at the end of each paragraph. Ask people to stop after each paragraph to verify if there are any words that need to be explained. If yes, stop and collectively discuss them for not more than 5 minutes each. When time is over, stop reading.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 5: We are not alone and useful (30 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Ask each participant to fill [Map 4-2](/topic/commoningcare/exploringinterdependencies/tools/4.MAP-01.jpg) by writing on the top of the map an activity to which they are related (in term of labour, care, affect). Ask them to write at the bottom of the map a task they do in order to guarantee the activity on the top. Regroup and guide a discussion around the upside-down perspective.
|
||||
For example: my boss wants to write a grant (write this at the top) and I am asked to contribute a section (write this down below); fill the remaining space with all the actions and tasks that I together with my colleagues will have to carry out in order to acheive the goal. Another example: my son goes to university (write this at the top of the map). Below, write down all of the things that I as a parent, together with other, must do in oder for this to happen. The goal of this exercise is to show how individual actions are composed with the actions of others in complext webs of interdependency.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 6: Conclusions (20 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Ask participants how they feel about the workshop and to start thinking more frequently who/what is involved in their choices. Send them the two photos of the maps.
|
||||
|
||||
# Bibliography
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "From an affinity group to an activist organization"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Session 3: From an affinity group to an activist organization: maintaining community
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Introduction**
|
||||
|
||||
As a small group of activists formalizes their work in organizational terms, and grows in regard of persons and resources involved, difficulties arise from that growth. In particular, ways of doing that were tied to friendships among the small group of activists no longer apply. In this session, organizational mechanisms of care, communication, and decision-making used by Sea Watch are explored critically, to learn and inherit useful mechanisms of continually structuring a growing community of care.
|
||||
|
||||
### **Let’s Learn Together**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 1: Introduce ourselves**
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 2: Care on the ship (2 hours)**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Explain (1) the buddy system, (2) psychological briefings, (3) knowledge/skill sharing among crew, (4) the cleaning routine and other work of ship maintenance, and (5) care for the guests. Guide a discussion for each, asking participants to connect these mechanisms to their experiences.
|
||||
|
||||
(1) The buddy system: Each member of the crew of 22 is paired up with another person (of their choice or random, decided prior to pairing up among and by specific crew members) for the duration of the mission, to check on daily on each other in terms of psychological well-being, especially regarding how they are dealing with stress.
|
||||
|
||||
(2) Psychological pre-briefing and de-briefing: Before each mission, the entire crew meets for the first time, joined by an external psychologist, who facilitates their introduction to each other and tackles the topic of stress related to their care work. After the mission, the crew meets again in plenum to share reflections and feelings that came out of what happened during the mission.
|
||||
|
||||
(3) Skill sharing: Whereas skills that are vital to performing search and rescue are systematically trained on board within a strict schedule, other skills related to the maintenance of the ship, seamanship, and skills of interest to particular crew members are scheduled upon demand when ship is underway and not engaged in search and rescue. The ones related to the ship contribute to the equalizing effect among the crew composed of professional seafarers, non-professional seafarers, and persons with no/little prior experience on the sea.
|
||||
|
||||
(4) Morning cleaning and maintenance jobs: Crew vacuums, mops, and scrubs the common spaces, to maintain the working routine as much as to maintain tidiness. Based on their function on the ship, crew members belong to one of the three “departments” (deck, engine room, bridge) and are given maintenance jobs by the person responsible for the department when appropriate and necessary. Maintaining the ship in the good shape is seen as a prerequisite for being able to sail and undertake effective missions.
|
||||
|
||||
(5) Guest care: After a rescue, crew participates in cooking, handing out food, watches, crowd mood observing, and other tasks distributed and coordinated by the so-called Guest Coordinator. Every crew member enters into relationships with guests according to own capacities and guidelines set by the Guest Coordinator (for example: do not give a blanket to a person if you cannot give it to everyone, unless there is a specific valid case for it). There is a crew member (Cultural Mediator) who does the work of preparing referrals with and for the guests, so that they have access to adequate and professional care once on the land.
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 3: Modes of communicating, knowing, aligning, strategizing, choosing action, (re)acting, coordinating, overseeing, intervening, questioning, collaborating (2 hours)**
|
||||
|
||||
Explain (1) the weekly teleconference call, (2) the morning meeting on Sea Watch 3, (3) the Mission Support group. Guide a discussion for each, asking participants to connect these mechanisms to their experiences.
|
||||
|
||||
(1) The weekly teleconference call, so-called Monday telco: The decision-making body of the organization, where all its formal members have a voice and voting rights. Decisions made are ones that belong to the ‘greater picture” level, whereas operational questions get delegated to departments. Teleconference is facilitated/moderated by the Organization Coordinator, who has no voting rights.
|
||||
|
||||
(2) The Mission Support group: Is one of such departments to which specific decision-making is delegated. What happens during a mission affects not only the ship and Logistics but also departments such as Media and Advocacy. The MSG includes representatives from relevant departments and decides autonomously on mission relevant issues. Like the Monday telco, it has a coordinator.
|
||||
|
||||
(3) The morning meeting: Every morning on the ship, the entire crew (except 2 persons on watch at that moment) meets in a mess room. Captain, the chief engineer, and the bosun give updates concerning the mission and the ship. Any crew member can add on and/or take a word on any issue of interest to the whole crew.
|
||||
|
||||
(4) Discourse: Online platform where everyone who has participated in SW missions, shipyard times, or is otherwise volunteering or working for SW, and the organization members, have a voice. There is no decision-making power.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step 4: Compost (2 hours)**
|
||||
|
||||
Ask participants to design mechanisms of sharing information and acting upon it that integrate care, for an organization of a given and changing size. Guide them working in small groups. Discuss the results.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Histories of Pirate Care"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
> ...Under Construction ...
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Histories of public healthcare"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Dieses Dokument gibt es auch in einer deutschen Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Histories of public healthcare
|
||||
|
||||
Around the world, the Covid-19 pandemic is forcing governments to face the question of healthcare as a universal right that should be publicly funded through general taxation and feely available to all.
|
||||
|
||||
On March 17th, 2020, The Spanish Ministry of Health has announced that the government is putting [all private hospitals in the country under state control](https://publicservices.international/resources/news/spain-nationalises-all-private-hospitals-uk-rents-hospital-beds?id=10645&lang=en) indefinitely, to combat the spread of COVID-19 infections. "For the duration of this crisis the State will take control of all private hospital facilities and manage all of the resources for the common benefit of all of our people," [Ireland's Health Minister Simon Harris declared](https://www.thejournal.ie/private-hospitals-ireland-coronavirus-5056334-Mar2020/) on 24th March. In the UK instead, the NHS will need to [‘to rent 8,000 private hospital beds for £2,400,000 per day’](https://metro.co.uk/2020/03/16/nhs-rent-8000-private-hospital-beds-2400000-per-day-12406301/). [South Africa](https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/no-plan-to-nationalise-private-hospitals-in-wake-of-coronavirus-45187424) Department of Health spokesperson Popo Maja said in an interview with Business Report that the government was not looking to nationalise private hospitals because of the epidemic.
|
||||
|
||||
In this context, this session puts together some stories of how the national health services came into existence in various countries and thanks to important social struggles. What becomes apparent again and again is the link between pirate care practices, social struggles and the creation of publicly-funded welfare provisions.
|
||||
|
||||
(If you wish to contribute to cover other countries/region, please get in touch - contacts in the intro page).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Italy: Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN)
|
||||
|
||||
- SOURCES: [Rediscovering the roots of public health services. Lessons from Italy](https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/rediscovering-roots-public-health-services-lessons-italy/), by Chiara Giorgi, *Open Democracy*, 24 March 2020.
|
||||
VIDEO (ITA): [Chiara Giorgi - Storia e politica della riforma sanitaria dal dopoguerra al 1978](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDaa-UpgI50), *Teoria Critica della Società - Università Bicocca*, 21 March 2020.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Italy is a major case of policy success in health. According to the 2017 OECD data, life expectancy at birth in Italy is 83.1 years, compared to the 80.9 years of the European Union average: but the total health expenditure per inhabitant is 2,483 euros, against 2,884 of the average EU (a 15% gap). It is a paradox worth probing that the European country with the longest life expectancy has achieved this result with reduced spending. ).
|
||||
|
||||
The pressure for creating a public health care system in 1978 was born from an unprecedented alliance between left political forces, advanced experiences renewing medical practice, radical health activism, struggles by trade unions, workers’ groups, student and feminist movements.
|
||||
|
||||
The outcome – the 1978 reform – was a universal, public, free health service, offering a wide range of provision outside the market, largely modelled on the British NHS and reflecting the definition of health spelt out by the WHO in 1946.
|
||||
|
||||
Abandoning the tradition of a corporatist health system with its limited coverage of separate professional groups, Italy’s reform introduced a public and universal health service, financed through general taxation, freely available to all – not just to Italian citizens, but to all those living in the country.
|
||||
|
||||
In several areas – mental health, occupational health, women’s health, drug treatments - new knowledge on illness prevention, new practices of service delivery and innovative institutional arrangements emerged, with a strong emphasis on territorial services addressing together health and social needs.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The intellectual guidance for Italy’s health reform came from personalities that combined strong competence and political commitment. Besides Franco Basaglia and his work on radical psychiatry, Giulio Maccacaro was the founder of ‘Medicina Democratica’, a radical health movement; Giovanni Berlinguer was a scientist and member of parliament for the Communist Party; Alessandro Seppilli was a public health specialist and Socialist mayor of the city of Perugia; Laura Conti was a key figure of the Socialist Party and pioneered the Italian environmental movement; Ivar Oddone was an occupational physician and a former partisan – he inspired a character in Italo Calvino’s first book.
|
||||
|
||||
Out of their work, an integrated vision of health – physical and psychic, individual and collective, linked to the community and the territory – emerged. A new, less hierarchical type of doctor-patient relationship was proposed; the model of a decentralized health organization was introduced, with elements of participation; the centrality of preventive medicine over cure was emphasised. As Giulio Maccacaro had argued in 1976, the strategy was a bottom-up “politicization of medicine”, challenging the way industrial capitalism was exploiting workers and undermining health and social conditions in the country.
|
||||
|
||||
This political strategy viewed health as combining a collective dimension and an individual condition; collective struggles were therefore needed to address the economic and social roots of disease and public health problems. This approach was paralleled by the feminist movement in addressing women's health issues, including the important experiments in self-organized health clinics.
|
||||
|
||||
Decades of ‘managerial reforms’, cutbacks of funds and privatisation efforts have indeed lowered the standards of service, introduced ‘tickets’ paid for by patients, and led to a highly uneven capacity of services across Italy’s regions today.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the first actions by the Italian government on March 17, 2020, when the pandemic broke out, was to increase funds for the health emergency by 3 billion euros and to hire 20,000 doctors, nurses and supporting staff. This was a recognition of past policy mistakes – cutbacks, privatisation and commodification – and of the need to fully recognise the role of universal public health as an alternative to market provision.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# The birth of Britain's National Health Service (NHS)
|
||||
|
||||
- SOURCES: [The Birth of the NHS](https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/the-birth-of-the-nhs-856091.html), Andy McSmith, *The Independent*, 28 June 2008.
|
||||
VIDEO (EN): [The NHS: A Difficult Beginning](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ywP8wjfOx4), BBC documentary (2008). Narrator: Imelda Staunton, Director: Ian MacMillan.
|
||||
|
||||
Serving over one and a half million patients and their families every day, the NHS (National Health Service) is the biggest service of its kind in the world. It is universally regarded as a national treasure - the most remarkable achievement of post war Britain.
|
||||
|
||||
Yet the National Health Service very nearly did not happen at all. In the months leading to its launch it was bitterly opposed - by the Tory Party and the national press. But its most vicious and vocal opponents were the very people its existence depended on - surgeons, nurses, dentists and Britain's 20,000 doctors. To get the NHS at all required the persistence and determination of one man - Nye Bevan, Labour's minister of health.
|
||||
|
||||
Before July 1948, Britain's 2,700 hospitals were run by charities or councils. The only people entitled to free treatment were those with jobs.
|
||||
|
||||
In 1945, the new Labour government came in on a manifesto that promised a revolution in health care. Health minister Nye (Aneurin) Bevan, wanted to build a health service based on four principles: it was to be free at the point of use, available to everyone who needed it, paid for out of general taxation, and used responsibly.
|
||||
|
||||
Bevan, who came from a miners' family, was inspired by the Tredegar Workers Medical Aid Society in South Wales, a pioneering mutual aid scheme which provided medical benefits, dental care and funeral expenses to its members for just pennies a week.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Public health in the USA
|
||||
|
||||
SOURCE: (AUDIO) (EN) [How the Bad Blood Started](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/13/podcasts/1619-slavery-healthcare.html?action=click&module=audio-series-bar&pgtype=Article®ion=header), episode 4, *1619*, *New York Times* podcast. Hosted by Nikole Hannah-Jones. September 13th, 2019.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We begin this story in the fall of 1866, with a woman named Rebecca Lee Crumpler. Rebecca Lee Crumpler is a young black woman who was born free and raised in Pennsylvania by her aunt. Her aunt was a medicine woman. She used to go from home to home tending to the sick, and Rebecca liked to tag along and to help her. She liked it so much that she went on to become a nurse, and she was so good at being a nurse that she makes the really unusual decision to go on and become a doctor. So she eventually goes to the New England Female Medical College, which is a college that was specifically built to train women in medicine, and that’s really extraordinary. Because around the time she graduates, there’s about 54,000 doctors in the country, and only 300 of them are women, and only one of those women is black. And that woman is Rebecca Lee Crumpler. And so about a year after she finishes medical school, the Civil War comes to an end, and she makes another unusual decision, which is to completely uproot her life and to head down to the South because four million people have just been released from slavery into freedom. And Crumpler knows that it’s going to be a huge challenge to help these people assimilate into society and to address their many basic needs, including health care.
|
||||
|
||||
These were people who just literally were told, you’re free to go, but given no resources to go with. So they were forced to take up residence in abandoned prisons, former military barracks, empty churches, refugee camps. They’re crammed together in very close living quarters. They don’t have the tools necessary to maintain good hygiene. And as a result of all of this, they’re getting sick. But they can’t tap into any health care system, because at that time, there really isn’t any organized health care system to speak of. Most medical care is provided at home by family members, or by doctors who would actually visit the house. And the only hospitals that exist are much more like institutions for the very poor or for people who get sick and don’t have any family members to take care of them. And those facilities were private, and they were run by charitable groups. And when the newly emancipated turned to those facilities for help, they were turned away. They were told no. And they start dying in really high numbers, so much so that in some towns and cities, their bodies are littering the streets.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a massive public health crisis. And so to deal with this crisis, the federal government creates what ends up being the nation’s first federal health care program. It’s called the Freedmen’s Bureau Medical Division. And this is what Rebecca Crumpler is heading south to do.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the crazy things about the Freedmen’s Bureau Medical Division, which is, it was founded in utter ambivalence. Officials wanted their communities clean enough to prevent diseases that might eventually spread into white communities, but they don’t want to provide any free assistance, because they’re worried that it’s going to create dependency among the black American community. And so what they do is they open these hospitals, and they staff them with a few doctors. But then they close them down at the first sign of progress, and they refuse to send resources that their own doctors, including Crumpler, are requesting.
|
||||
|
||||
As you have all of these people dying from preventable things, a theory emerges.
|
||||
|
||||
And the theory goes that this high death rate is actually just nature taking its course. So black people aren’t dying for want of basic necessities, they’re actually dying because they’re biologically inferior to whites and ill-suited for freedom. The argument became that African-Americans specifically were literally going extinct, and that to provide any type of funding or resources to fight that would be wasteful and foolish, because you’re just trying to prevent the inevitable.
|
||||
|
||||
So this is the first example of government-funded health care, and it is an example of something that was set up to fail.
|
||||
|
||||
And Rebecca Lee Crumpler understands this, and she decides to write a book. It’s called the “Book of Medical Discourses in Two Parts.” And it’s not addressed to her colleagues in the white medical community or to segregationists in Congress. It’s addressed to the black community, specifically to black mothers and black nurses. And what she tells them in this book is how to take care of themselves, how to prevent diseases like cholera, how to treat basic ailments like hemorrhoids and bronchitis. And what’s so profound about this book is that she’s telling black Americans, you’re not inferior. You’re not going extinct. You can take care of yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fast forward to January of 1947. President Truman wants a government-run health insurance program that everybody pays into ahead of time and that people can draw from when they need it.
|
||||
|
||||
By the time Truman’s giving this address, the nation’s health care system has grown up a bit from the days right after the Civil War, but not by much. All of the hospitals that were created through the Freedmen’s Bureau have been closed down except for one that’s in Washington D.C. And other hospitals have been built, but there’s not nearly enough of them, especially in the South. And to make matters worse, the hospitals that do exist are all segregated. In fact, a “separate but equal” clause had actually been written into the law. And what that meant was black patients had to either go to their own black facilities, which were few and far between in a lot of places, or they were relegated to the basement wards of white hospitals, and those wards were small, and they did not provide as good care as you got in the white facilities.
|
||||
|
||||
But it’s not just black Americans who are not getting enough care. It’s many poor white Americans as well. So at that time, most Americans were not insured. And the insurance that did exist was employer-based, which means you had to get a certain type of job where the employer actually offered this benefit, and then you could have it. Basically, the whole system is not working, and Truman sees this as one of the most pressing problems the country is facing. And so he decides that national health insurance is the fix.
|
||||
|
||||
But then, days after Truman wins the election, the American Medical Association, which is the largest and arguably the most powerful professional organization for doctors in the country, launches this massive campaign to take it down. What the A.M.A. understands is that a national health insurance program is probably going to hurt their profits.
|
||||
|
||||
The A.M.A. hired a P.R. firm. It’s actually the first political consulting firm in the country. And together, they devised this plan to completely torpedo universal health care. What it looks like is all-out war. It’s radio ads. It’s newspaper ads. It’s magazine ads. They’re delivering pamphlets and mailers to people’s homes. In the end, they send some 100 million pieces of literature all across the country. And what’s on that literature and what’s in those ads is a campaign slogan. It says, “Keep politics out of medicine.”
|
||||
|
||||
And that campaign works. Popular support for the bill suddenly plummets. It fails to get through Congress, and the health care system the nation is left with at the end of this fight is still too expensive for most Americans to afford and as segregated as it has ever been.
|
||||
|
||||
Medicare is actually born from the ashes of Truman’s failed national health insurance program.
|
||||
Beginning under President Kennedy and continuing under President Johnson, under Montague Cobb’s leadership, the nation’s black doctors (who had formed the National Medical Association, or the N.M.A., because they were excluded from the A.M.A.) come out in full force to support Medicare. They lead protests, they lobby Congress, and they launch their own public relations campaign explaining to the nation that, in fact, this won’t destroy medicine. This will make medicine more equitable. And their message is what it’s been for a long time: Health care is a human right, and that any program that expands access to health care is the duty of a free and democratic society. Meanwhile, the fight for civil rights is escalating all across the country outside of the medical world.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, that effort culminates in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which says that discriminating on the basis of race is unconstitutional. And more specifically, it says that the government can pull federal dollars from any facility or entity that does not comply with the law, and that includes hospitals.
|
||||
|
||||
And so Medicare passes in 1966, and what happens is within four months of implementation, nearly 3,000 hospitals desegregate. But of course, the health disparities between black Americans and white Americans persist to this day.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Further Resources
|
||||
**[COVID Ready Communication Playbook for Medical and Front Line workers](https://www.vitaltalk.org/guides/covid-19-communication-skills/)** A crowdsourced playbook put together by VitalTalk (a start-up based in Seattle) to provide some practical advice on how to talk about some difficult topics related to COVID-19
|
||||
Available from their site for free download in: Arabic / العربية, Chinese (Simplified) / 中文(简体), Chinese (Traditional) /中文(繁體), Czech / Čeština, Danish / Dansk, Dutch / Nederlands, English / English, Finnish / Suomen Kieli, French / Français, German / Deutsch, Hebrew / עברית, Hindi / हिन्दी, Italian / Italiano, Japanese / 日本語, Norwegian / Norsk, Portuguese / Português, Russian / Русский, Spanish / Español, Swedish / Svenska , Tagalog / Tagalog, Vietnamese / Tiếng Việt
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
|
|||
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: "The Practice"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# The Practice
|
||||
|
||||
You are now ready to practice The Hologram. The following will offer you the basics. The Hologram remains a work in progress and is designed to be highly adaptable, so you are encouraged to change it and make it your own. A triangle consists of three people who accept an invitation from a hologram to make a formal commitment to supporting her health by participating in seasonal meetings. In these meetings, each member of the triangle focuses on one of the three aspects of her health: physical, psychic, social. The job of each member of the triangle is to ask really good questions, help identify the hologram’s patterns, and to support her with co-research and in-depth knowledge of her health when she needs to make big decisions.
|
||||
|
||||
The hologram’s job is to facilitate a conversation with three people who have accepted her invitation to join the triangle. Unlike a patient being treated by a doctor, a hologram’s role is like that of a teacher, helping the Triangle to understand how she achieves her healthiest possible state and also recognize their own patterns, needs and wishes in contrast and conversation. The hologram shares their personal stories, their powers of communication, and their well-articulated vulnerability to teach the triangle how to care for and with her. She shows great respect and gratitude for the members of the triangle, and is also observant of their needs and desires, helping them to become better at offering useful questions.
|
||||
|
||||
This guide is written for holograms seeking to assemble triangles, but can also be used for triangle members seeking to find holograms.
|
||||
|
||||
## How Will You Identify People For Your Triangle?
|
||||
No one knows what will work until it does. Invite people who make you feel comfortable, whose attention and care you enjoy, and people who would like to do it for you. Additionally, you might ask yourself these questions before deciding who to invite:
|
||||
|
||||
* Do I want the members to know each other?
|
||||
* Do I want to see the members of the Triangle on a daily basis?
|
||||
* Do I want the members to all be local?
|
||||
* Do I want to use this as an opportunity to develop new relationships, or to add a new layer to already existing relationships?
|
||||
|
||||
Finally:
|
||||
* “Oh no, I invited the wrong person out of cruel optimism about them or us and it was a bad idea. How do I get rid of them and pick a new person?! We recommend that you provide a trial period where you can experience the group for 1-2 sessions with the awareness among the group members that if the dynamic of the group is not great, there will be a chance to change the group.
|
||||
|
||||
## How Much Personal Information do I reveal?
|
||||
You can decide. Whether we are online, on the phone, or at work, we are constantly warned to protect our privacy, but it is hard to keep in mind what we are guarding it from. The truth is that there are many types of predators who are seeking to profit off of our information and our vulnerabilities, but those individuals and corporations are not here in this triangle. The goal is to learn to trust, and to want to share as much information as is necessary (but maybe not more) to help your triangle understand where you are coming from and where you may be going, so they can go there with you!
|
||||
|
||||
## How Do I Reciprocate?
|
||||
Reciprocation is somewhat automatic in this project, but is not a one-for-one exchange, like paying for a hot dog. For The Hologram project to really work, every person must be a hologram as well as a member of someone else’s triangle (not for someone in your triangle, though). The most important healing that you will receive from this project is when you successfully care for someone else. This networked reciprocation means that you will not be directly giving back what you receive from your triangle, but you will be a part of a larger cycle of reciprocation and the production of health, which can never be transactional. For this reason, it is the calling of each hologram to proactively help her triangle all find their own triangles and become holograms themselves. She must also seek to become part of a triangle for someone not in her triangle. The hologram can reciprocate by virally reproducing The Hologram.
|
||||
|
||||
## Important Things for The Triangle to Remember
|
||||
1. While it is possible that someone might have a medical or social work background, no one in a triangle is an expert, and no one should pretend to be. Being in a triangle is not about offering professional medical advice, it is about learning to ask supportive and transformative questions.
|
||||
2. While The Hologram is about asking questions, the triangle members one should not
|
||||
disappear their own stories, their needs, or their wisdom. Triangle members are welcome to share anecdotes and stories from their lives that might help the hologram see their situation and clearly state their personal needs.
|
||||
3. The triangle, with the hologram, will make group decisions, and will structure the way the group meets.
|
||||
4. When called upon in an emergency or a pressing situation, the triangle can choose to
|
||||
show up to support The Hologram as individuals or as a trio. The triangle becomes most
|
||||
active when the hologram needs to make a big decision. This is when all the accrued knowledge of the triangle, about the hologram, and notes, become valuable. In an emergency, the triangle may support the hologram by providing in-person support, accompaniment to or coaching for important appointments, and cooperative research. The goal of the triangle is to back the hologram to make good decisions with support.
|
||||
|
||||
## What Role Does Each Person Play?
|
||||
A Hologram begins when the hologram and triangle agree to meet for a certain period of
|
||||
time at a certain frequency: once a week for a month; once a month for three months; around the solstices and equinoxes for two years; on the hologram’s birthday for the rest of her life. It might make sense to begin with a shorter period of more frequent meetings then change later, or, if the group does not gel, to reform the triangle with new members. But The Hologram works best when practiced consistently over a long period of time to facilitate pattern recognition and transformation. Within the given period, the three members of the triangle will select one area of focus in the meetings with the hologram. One person will focus on asking questions and taking notes on one of the three zones of health: the physical (body), the psychic (mental, emotional, intellectual), and the social (relationships, work, money, housing). Of course, these health zones of each person are completely entangled and overlapping, and the conversation will be, too. The important thing is that there is a member of the triangle to hold the awareness of each of the various zones of health, who can watch for patterns and feel when something is going well or not. We have not yet experimented with rotating roles within the Triangle, but that is an option.
|
||||
|
||||
## What if I Want to Quit? What if I Want Someone Else to Quit?
|
||||
The group should decide what to do in the event that one of the members of the triangle wants to quit. Because the project is about constructing new experiences of trust and cooperation, it is ideal if the group can adapt to support each member to stay in a healthy way. When that cannot happen, there needs to be an exit plan in place, wherein the triangle member that exits is replaced, and that the new member is welcomed into the group with care and patience. This exit strategy should be discussed at the first meeting of the Hologram.
|
||||
|
||||
## How do we Keep Notes and Records?
|
||||
This is up to your group (including the Hologram) to decide. The notes are a tool for the future, to help you remember when something that occurred in the past and help everyone recognize patterns and habits that can only become clear in hindsight. Well-labeled and organized notes can be really useful. The notes can be shared among everyone in the group, or just kept to individuals who wrote them. Since some people find drawings and diagrams more useful, we have built some tools for how to organize and document some patterns visually. Notes can go into a shared folder online if you feel safe doing so, and we are making a safe space for that to happen.
|
||||
|
||||
## When do I Become a Hologram?
|
||||
As we described in the Time section of the course, each member of the triangle will become a Hologram. This means you will invite three people to make a Triangle for you, and begin the process again. We recommend that this happens shortly after your second or third successful meeting supporting your original Hologram. This is something you can and should discuss with the Hologram you care for. Since you support her, it is in her best interest to support you in getting the care you need.
|
||||
|
||||
## Initial group decisions to make
|
||||
|
||||
* How will the hologram meet? (Online, in person, where, and by what platform?)
|
||||
* How long will this Hologram continue?
|
||||
* How frequently will the Hologram meet?
|
||||
* How long will each meeting be?
|
||||
* How do you want the session to feel and what needs to happen to produce that feeling?
|
||||
* How should a meeting begin? How should it end?
|
||||
* How should notes be kept?
|
||||
* What if someone wants to leave the group, or people can’t work together?
|
||||
* How will you deal with conflict?
|
||||
* Can the triangle meet without the hologram?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Part Three: Time"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Part three: Time
|
||||
|
||||
**We don’t have time for this!**
|
||||
|
||||
Time is the number one barrier to participation in The Hologram project, with good reason: we guard our time against anything that could chip away at the hours and energy we are made to dedicate to work, pleasure or survival. Under capitalism, time has become the most valuable commodity we have, outside of our body. As capitalism becomes more and more punishing and demanding, we have less and less time to imagine a different future. We’ve even heard people say that the ability to “imagine” something outside of work and survival is a “privilege.”
|
||||
But as we’ve already seen, capitalism is, among other things, a brilliant technology of weaponized avoidance. For our purposes, it helps us avoid at least three basic truths:
|
||||
1. Humans are fundamentally cooperative and interdependent
|
||||
2. We live on land and are part of that land
|
||||
3. We will die
|
||||
|
||||
What would it mean to live without forgetting these truths? Our time would be very different. If we focused on learning how to cooperate without coercion we would have to reorganize what we produce, how we produce it, and why. If we acknowledged that we lived on land, and that land was alive, and we are a part of it, we would laugh at the absurdity of the concept of private property. If we lived our whole lives embracing the knowledge that we will die, we would better consider future generations as we made decisions. We might spend our whole lives carefully considering our uses of materials and time, knowing that our collective material and social traces produce the next generations’ world. We would recognize that the now-dead once did so for our benefit. We would know that, when we die, we become each others’ soil.
|
||||
If we remembered and believed these three truths, how would we spend our time? What would our relationships look like? Where would we live and how? What would be our “work” and how would we be valued?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### How and why The Hologram wastes your time
|
||||
|
||||
The Hologram aims to train us to create and live in a post-capitalist future, when work (as in labour exploited for a wage) is abolished. We will still need to cooperate, but in new ways, motivated by the above truths, not the need for someone else to profit and for us all to compete. When liberated from being confined to a “job,” how would we express and share our passions, skills, powers and dreams? In post-capitalism, we will all contribute our time and energy, but likely in very different ways.
|
||||
Today, for many of the readers of this text, participation in the Hologram feels like an impossible time commitment in an already over-busy life, but this is exactly why you should try it. It is a practice for liberating time, though it also takes time. It does so for participants at all stages. The following walks you through three phases of one’s participation to explain.
|
||||
|
||||
### You are the hologram
|
||||
We suggest that you who are reading this begin participating in The Hologram by inviting three people to act as your Triangle. You, the Hologram, facilitates a conversation where your group decides who should play what role (who is in charge of asking about and holding social, mental/emotional, and physical health information). Next you decide together how long this experiment will last. When will you meet, and for how long?
|
||||
|
||||
> *Sample plan: You may meet on the first Wednesday of every third month, or on the day after the seasons change four times per year. You may start with a one year commitment to this process, or something else. Perhaps you meet for two hours each session. This seems possible, right?*
|
||||
|
||||
Consider what this would do to your sense of time. The Hologram is an impractical and life-giving social planning technology. How far in the future are you able to imagine right now? What in your life will be in place in three months, in six months, in two years? It may be scary to look into the future. If it isn’t, you may be delusional. In such an unpredictable time, it is hard to know what will remain of our current lives in the future. But if we don’t begin to construct some ideas and practices that will shape our future in ways that serve us, then tech corporations, banks, right wing governments and other anti-social saboteurs will have a complete run of it.
|
||||
The Hologram model asks us to put a formal agreement together with people in our community that will extend, outlandishly, into the future. Beyond the multiple overlapping crises that we will face, we can make commitments that structure our future selves and give us a sense of belonging no matter where we are. Making a decade-long plan with your friends seems like heresy while we work daily to survive a deranged and predatory economy, alone and alienated, unable to prepare for the next crisis. This is exactly why you may want to commit to spending a few years with The Hologram, with your triangle.
|
||||
|
||||
### You care for your caretakers
|
||||
|
||||
Being cared for, and being a hologram is never a one-way street. In order to receive care from other people, it is crucial that you help ensure that those people are cared for. It is not optional, it is required. So, in one of your early meetings you, the hologram, must help your triangle consider the timeline in which they will become holograms and develop their own triangles of support.
|
||||
|
||||
> *Sample plan: During your second Hologram meeting, the hologram proposes that each of the members of her triangle begin to invite three people to be their triangle/supports, to make themselves a hologram. It is agreed upon that this will take place before the next meeting. You talk together about what would make for a good triangle member.*
|
||||
|
||||
As a practicing hologram, you have created and fulfilled a role for yourself that does not yet exist in our society. In this post-capitalist “job”, in being vulnerable and open to receiving care, you are the expert and the teacher. No one knows more than you about what makes you healthy. Just like starting a new job, you have to create a workspace that is appropriate for the work you need to do. So, it is your job to arrange and coordinate the triangle. Under capitalism, this kind of work is not valued. We value it in The Hologram.
|
||||
|
||||
If time is money, then being the hologram, or participating in a Hologram, is like burning money. It’s a sacrifice that reveals your divestment from the accelerationist value system. Through the sacrifice we become different animals that can survive and see beyond the current economic landscape. If we use this collective work as an excuse to disentangle from capitalism’s way of valuing our time, and valuing us, we may begin to see what we are or what we could become without it. How would you identify yourself if you never had to have a “job” again? What would you do all day if you didn’t need to “work” in order to live? How would you value your time if it was disconnected from money? How would you cooperate and contribute if you could do so in the way and in the conditions you chose? What would your role be in the post-work, post-capital future? What would a satisfying day look like?
|
||||
|
||||
### You become triangular
|
||||
|
||||
When the three members of your triangle each have transitioned to holograms with their own triangle supporting them, it is your chance to transform into a caretaker within someone else’s Hologram. This is the pinnacle of The Hologram project.
|
||||
Sample plan: in your third meeting, you, as hologram, inquire if the three members of your triangle have established themselves as holograms. If so, you can ask for their help to become a member of a triangle for a new Hologram. Maybe the new hologram is a co-worker or friend you’ve told about the project, somebody who understand the point of the project is solidarity, not charity. As a future member, you shouldn’t organize a new hologram’s triangle for them, but you can help and offer suggestions. It is important that each hologram take the initiative and responsibility to organize their Hologram and triangle.
|
||||
|
||||
## Questions for consideration
|
||||
A. In the world we want to create, how will we value our time? Do we measure it? Do we even know it is there? What would we do all the time? How will we value ourselves and each other?
|
||||
B. What will your post-capitalist “job” be?
|
||||
|
||||
## Activity 4
|
||||
Write, walk, think, or draw as you imagine 10 years in the future. If that is overwhelming, here are some questions to help you distill your thoughts.
|
||||
|
||||
* What do you know about yourself and your situation at that time?
|
||||
* What do you not know about yourself and your situation at that time?
|
||||
* What do you look forward to taking place between now and then?
|
||||
* What do you fear may take place between now and then?
|
||||
* What can you plan?
|
||||
* What will make you feel prepared to handle what is coming?
|
||||
* What do you wish for yourself?
|
||||
* Why? What’s underneath that desire?
|
||||
* What do you wish for you and for everyone?
|
||||
* How can you be best prepared to make that possible?
|
||||
|
||||
*Please do not avoid the global, political, and environmental situation, and your connection to community and society in your thoughts*
|
||||
|
||||
## Activity 5
|
||||
How did you stay together with your Triangle for 10 years? Write, walk, think, or draw as you imagine 10 years in the future as a Hologram. If that is overwhelming, here are some questions to help you distill your thoughts.
|
||||
|
||||
Imagine that you found three people to be in your Hologram, and that you stayed together for 10 years. They each had their own Hologram. You were also part of someone else’s Triangle, maybe two people’s. There is a sense of trust between people, but also something more specific. These are new kinds of relationships that are formal, sustainable and warm. You feel like you are part of something that is different than your previous experiences of family, friendships, work relations, social movements, or professional caretakers. When you are caring for your Hologram, you feel like you are part of something larger.
|
||||
|
||||
* How did you stay together with your Triangle for 10 years?
|
||||
* What skills did you personally develop to make this possible?
|
||||
* What are the benefits, to you, of having been in this group for so long?
|
||||
* What are the challenges you already faced together with your triangle?
|
||||
* What kinds of processes did you have to develop, and skills did the group have to learn, in order to do this?
|
||||
* How does it feel to imagine having this role in the Hologram, versus not having it?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Housing and Maintenance Struggles"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Poor design or disinvestment?
|
||||
|
||||
Architectural critic Charles Jencks famously wrote that “modern architecture died in St Louis, Missouri on July 15, 1972, at 3.32 pm” when the public housing estate Pruitt Igoe was demolished. In public narratives the design was the one to be blamed for the failure of public housing. In reality, it was disinvestment that created poor maintenance, together with subsidies for individual housing loans. One of the most notorious cases of disinvestment in maintenance has been the case of the Grenfell tower in London. Due to cheap flammable cladding that was used in the refurbishment process, many working-class people lost their lives in the fire.
|
||||
|
||||
Nevertheless, maintenance is not only the issue of public housing. In the private rental sector, for instance, investment in maintenance can be regarded as a sign of a new increase in rental prices. Struggles that have addressed the issue of maintenance range from rent strikes to protest and movements against gentrification. Though maintenance hasn’t been spoken about a lot in the past, it is important to recognize that it is as an important factor in housing struggles worldwide.
|
||||
|
||||
## Proposed resources
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- **How poor maintenance can cause deaths:** 
|
||||
- **How we organize against demolition and displacement:** 
|
||||
|
||||
## How to learn together
|
||||
|
||||
Read the proposed articles and look into the proposed resources before you come to the session. Organize a collective self-interview. Create a list of questions related to housing maintenance. The questions could tackle issues such as the changing situation at your housing estate, your opinions about the issues that you have read about in the proposed resources, your proposals and solutions etc. Make a round for each question. Make detailed notes. Share your self-interview with other Pirate Care Syllabus users.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "How to Build a Pirate Kindergarten in Your Neighbourhood"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Planning a pirate kindergarten
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This workshop is designed for a group of families who are planning to build a pirate kindergarten in order to common childcare.
|
||||
The workshop can be conceived as a stand-alone session, or it could be preceded by the workshop .
|
||||
|
||||
## Timing
|
||||
|
||||
3 hours
|
||||
|
||||
## Keywords
|
||||
|
||||
Commoning care, childcare, space, self-organization
|
||||
|
||||
## Tools
|
||||
|
||||
- (English version will be available in April 2020!);
|
||||
- Print-outs of [QUIZZ 1](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-01.jpg), [QUIZZ 2](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-02.jpg), [QUIZZ 3](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-03.jpg), [QUIZZ 4](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-04.jpg), [QUIZZ 5](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-05.jpg) and [QUIZZ 6](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-06.jpg)
|
||||
- Print-outs of [MAP 6-1](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.MAP-01.jpg) and [MAP 6-2](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.MAP-02.jpg); paper and pen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Let's learn together
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 1: Introduction to people (25 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Ask participants to introduce themselves and the reasons why they need to share childcare. Encourage all to be as specific as possible about their circumstances.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 2: Introduction to neighbourhood (25 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Introduce yourself to each other in relation to the neighbourhood. What you know about it? Which spaces and people can be helpful for the project? Where are the green areas? And so on. Be as specific as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 3: Let’s read (30 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Read the Introduction and Chapter 5 of the book “How To Build A Pirate Kindergarten In Your Neighbourhood” (link) together.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 4: Making Consensus (60 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Take the print-outs of [QUIZZ 1](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-01.jpg), [QUIZZ 2](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-02.jpg), [QUIZZ 3](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-03.jpg), [QUIZZ 4](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-04.jpg), [QUIZZ 5](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-05.jpg) and [QUIZZ 6](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.QUITZ-06.jpg). If you are more than ten, divide into smaller groups. You are asked to collectively discuss the statements. Be aware that the statements are not right or wrong per se, the scope is to collectively discuss them in order to find what your specific community believe is right or wrong for you. Also, be aware that ethics can change while practising :)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 5: Self-organizing is sexy (30 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Take a print-out of [MAP 6-1](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.MAP-01.jpg) and analyse it together, then divide into smaller groups and make a blueprint of a potential organizational map according to what the people involved and your neighbourhood need. Regroup and discuss. Remember to take photos of the maps and keep them for further steps.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 6: Self-organizing is very very sexy (30 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Now take a print-out of [MAP 6-1](/topic/commoningcare/howtobuildapiratekindergarten/tools/6.MAP-01.jpg) and analyse it together, then divide into smaller groups and write down a list of the offline tools needed to start the project. Regroup and discuss. Remember to take photos of the maps to keep for further steps.
|
||||
|
||||
## Step 7: Conclusions (10 min.)
|
||||
|
||||
Say goodbye to everybody and be happy because you have started to think together about a common solution to childcare and you are therefore involved in a process of ethical decision making. This is great!
|
||||
But before you split, remember:
|
||||
- To schedule the next appointment;
|
||||
- That the booklet “How To Build A Pirate Kindergarten In Your Neighbourhood” suggested here is not a model. Each community and context will find the best ways to answer its own needs and desires. In fact, one-approach-fits-all-solutions do not exist.
|
||||
- Just have fun, listen to people and take care of the planet!
|
||||
|
||||
# Bibliography
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- Borgonuovo, Valerio, and Silvia Franceschini. Global tools (1973-1975). Quando l’educazione coinciderà con la vita. Ediz. illustrata. Produzioni Nero, 2018.
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- ‘Facendo-a-Pezzi-La-Cultura-Della-Monogamia.Pdf’. Accessed 8 February 2020. https://anarcoqueer.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/facendo-a-pezzi-la-cultura-della-monogamia.pdf.
|
||||
- ‘La Famiglia è Una Nocività Patriarcale’. Accessed 8 February 2020. https://bibliotecaanarchica.org/library/la-famiglia-e-una-nocivita-patriarcale.html.
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
title: "How to do web radio"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Authored by hacklab Milan. Find the italian version [here](https://wiki.unit.abbiamoundominio.org/HowtoRadioStream).
|
||||
|
||||
# Setting up a DIY (or better a DIWO) Radio
|
||||
|
||||
## Requirements
|
||||
|
||||
### Server side
|
||||
|
||||
You need a computer machine (personal computer, server, VPS, etc.) that will relay the audio signal to the listeners. The audio signal (e.g. music files played) is sent from your computer to that server, which makes the stream available for others to listen to (in ogg or mp3 formats). That is a broddcast.
|
||||
|
||||
We use [icecast2](https://www.icecast.org/) to send (via a virutal private service) a signal to a server running the free [Debian](https://www.debian.org/) operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Client side
|
||||
|
||||
We use [mixxx](https://www.mixxx.org), a free software that allows you to play and mix music, but also to record and send audio to the [icecast](https://www.icecast.org/) server.
|
||||
|
||||
### Microphones and vocals
|
||||
To add voice, one or more microphones must be connected to the local Client side machine that runs mixxx. You will need an external sound card connected via a USB port.
|
||||
|
||||
### Remote audio connection
|
||||
To add a remote audio connection, such as a phone call, you will need to attach a telephone patch, connected to an ATA with a VoIP connection, to the external sound card, or use a software such as [jitsi](https://jitsi.org/).
|
||||
|
||||
If you also want to receive calls, perhaps from those who are not in front of a computer, you will need to have a telephone line, or a [DID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_inward_dial) phone number (a VoIP connection is ok), and then send the audio signal to mixxx via hardware (phone attached to the sound card) or software (jitsi).
|
||||
|
||||
### Links
|
||||
- https://icecast.org
|
||||
- https://mixxx.org
|
||||
- https://www.liquidsoap.info
|
||||
- http://idjc.sourceforge.net
|
||||
- https://lab.dyne.org/StreamingRadioHowto
|
||||
- https://www.thregr.org/~wavexx/software/fIcy/#fpls-options
|
||||
|
||||
## Setup
|
||||
|
||||
### Notes from a live radio broadcast
|
||||
|
||||
A GNU/Linux computer is connected to the Internet (via cable, WiFi or a smartphone hotspot). We use Mixxx to run and mix a playlist of tracks. Connected to the PC via USB we have an external microphone (or a sound card with multiple microphones). In Mixxx we can adjust volumes, superimpose audio tracks, open mics. Mixxx software receives the audio signal from the mic and finally sends the mixed audio to Icecast2 server. Icecast2 receives the audio and broadcast the signal (making it available to many listeners) through a link, on port 8000, with the name you choose (mount-point) and the file extension of the chosen audio format (e.g. mp3 or ogg).
|
||||
|
||||
http://abbiamoundominio.org:8000/lottomarzo.mp3
|
||||
|
||||
During the transmission, we can add other audio files to the playlist, for instance, from the Telegram, if Telegram-desktop runs on the same computer as Mixxx. Just save the audio file and add it to the playlist, otherwise the audio files can be moved from one computer to another using a USB thumbdrive. The computer records the mixed audio signal (transmission) in the .mp3 format (for archiving or podcasting pruposes).
|
||||
|
||||
### Links
|
||||
|
||||
- Mixxx: https://mixxx.org/
|
||||
- External microphone/digital audio recorder (example) Zoom H2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_H2_Handy_Recorder
|
||||
- Scarlett Focusrite digital sound card (example): https://focusrite.com/en/scarlett
|
||||
- Icecast2: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icecast
|
||||
- FAQ
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# FAQ
|
||||
|
||||
- It is better to use Mp3 or Ogg?
|
||||
|
||||
> Today Ogg is a freer format than Mp3, but not all smartphones are able to listen to a stream in Ogg format by default.
|
||||
|
||||
- Why does the link contain: 8000?
|
||||
|
||||
> Because the stream goes through the port 8000, as the default web port (the 80) is already in use by the website. The choice of using 8000 or 72945 is up to you (just don't use an already used port). 8000 is easier to remember.
|
||||
|
||||
- Am I obliged to use Mixxx?
|
||||
|
||||
> Of course not, if you just have to transmit live audio (without jingles) you can use [Butt](http://danielnoethen.de/butt/).
|
||||
|
||||
- Can I do all this without a server?
|
||||
|
||||
> Ideally, yes. But you should have a very powerful computer. Moreover, to be reachable for listeners, you must have a public IP network address.
|
||||
|
||||
- Can I do everything with a smartphone?
|
||||
|
||||
> A smartphone is indeed an audio recorder connected to the Internet. There are apps that allow you to send the audio signal live to an Icecast2 server, like [Coolmic](https://coolmic.net/).
|
||||
|
||||
- Where can I find an Icecast2 server?
|
||||
|
||||
> Icecast2 is a free software, you can install it on your server or on a server made available by a collective such as [Streampunk](https://streampunk.cc/), [Giss Tv](http://giss.tv/) or [Unit hacklab](https://abbiamoundominio.org).
|
||||
|
||||
- I have made an audio (or video) transmission, where can I upload it in order to listen and share it?
|
||||
|
||||
> We currently recommend [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/).
|
||||
|
||||
- Why the name of the domain is Siamoundominio.org?
|
||||
|
||||
> The name of the Internet domain was chosen to criticise the domain name system of the World Wide Web.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Kako pomoći ljudima u kućnoj izolaciji"
|
||||
images: ["/topics/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
is_in: ["coronanotes.md"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Sastavljači: [Pirate Care Syllabus](http://syllabus.pirate.care/). Zadnje izmjene: 21. ožujka, 12h.*
|
||||
|
||||
*This document is available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Questo documento ha una versione in italiano: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Hay una versión de este documento en español: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Službene preporuke
|
||||
|
||||
- [Najnovije preporuke Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravsto](https://www.hzjz.hr/sluzba-epidemiologija-zarazne-bolesti/koronavirus-najnovije-preporuke/)
|
||||
|
||||
- [Aktualne i važeće upute, preporuke i mjere koje se odnose na zdravlje, prevenciju i svakodnevni život u Hrvatskoj](https://www.koronavirus.hr/sto-moram-znati/8)
|
||||
|
||||
- [Telefonski broj pozivnog centra te brojevi službi za medicinsku i psihološku pomoć u Hrvatskoj](https://www.hzjz.hr/priopcenja-mediji/113-novi-pozivni-centar-za-sva-pitanja-vezana-uz-koronavirus/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Grupe pomoći
|
||||
Ovdje možete potražiti [*Facebook grupe za pomoć ljudima u Hrvatskoj*](https://www.facebook.com/groups/523065185274554/permalink/525919298322476/), a besplatni telefonski broj za pomoć za pomoć u u Zagrebu, Rijeci, Osijeku i Splitu glasi 0800 900 890.
|
||||
|
||||
# Razlozi za organiziranje pomoći
|
||||
|
||||
Najvažnija mjera koju ljudi pojedinačno mogu poduzeti kako bi smanjili širenje zaraze i smrtnost jest izbjegavanje bliskog kontakta, rad od doma i kućna izolacija. Oni koji pripadaju rizičnim skupina (to su osobe koje su starije od 60 godina i/ili boluju od kroničnih bolesti poput bolesti srca i krvožilnog sustava, visokog ili niskog tlaka, dijabetesa, plućnih bolesti ili poremećaja imunološkog sustava), ne bi trebali izlaziti iz kuće i trebali bi izbjegavati bliski kontakt s drugim ljudima (2 metra u zatvorenom prostoru, 1 metar na otvorenom). Oni koji su nedavno putovali, ili imaju blaže simptome, ili su im određene mjere samoizolaciji da ostanu, prema trenutnim [uputama](https://www.koronavirus.hr/sto-znaci-samoizolacija-i-kako-je-provoditi/84) ne smiju izlaziti iz kuće osim u krajnjoj nuždi. Svi ostali, ako nemaju obavezu odlaska na radno mjesto, moraju svesti izlaske na nužnu nabavu. Time smanjujemo daljnje širenje zaraze.
|
||||
|
||||
Međutim, kućna izolacija ima za posljedicu niz komplikacija kako redovito nabavljati hranu, lijekove, sanitarne i druge potrošne proizvode, kao i komplikacije pri obavljanju drugih rutinskih zadataka kao što je iznošenje smeća ili skupljanje pošte. Kućna izolacija iziskuje značajnu reorganizaciju načina svakodnevnog života. A k tome produženo stanje izoliranosti može dovesti i do dezorijentacije, potrebe za društvenim kontaktnom i emocionalnih teškoća.
|
||||
|
||||
Ako niste u rizičnoj skupini i želite organizirati grupu ili zasebno pomoći članovima obitelji, prijateljima, susjedima ili naprosto strancima, ovo su stvari koje trebate razmotriti kako biste izradili scenarij kako im pomoći u zadovoljavanju njihovih potreba tijekom kućne izolacije:
|
||||
|
||||
# Informirajte da ste spremni pomoći
|
||||
|
||||
Osobe u izolaciji možete informirati da ste im spremni pomoći tako da postavite poruku na ulazu u zgradu, ostavite im poruku ispod ili pored vrata, ili ih nazovete. Možete oglasiti svoju spremnost i na društvenim mrežama ili mrežnoj stranici, ali krenite od pretpostavke da starije osobe možda ne koriste internet, dakle primarno ovise o papiru i telefonu. Ostavite broj kontakta i neke minimalne podatke o sebi ili svojoj grupi kako bi ljudi imali povjerenja obratiti vam se. Ako oni ne trebaju pomoć, sugerirajte im da mogu informirati prijatelje i obitelj koji bi mogli trebati pomoć da vi nudite pomoć.
|
||||
|
||||
Inicijalna poruka može glasiti ovako (temeljeno na poruci koju je sastavila Facebook grupa [Ljudi za ljude](https://www.facebook.com/ljudizaljude/photos/a.308657829923799/633693170753595/?type=3&theater):
|
||||
|
||||
> Dragi susjedi,
|
||||
|
||||
> ako Vam je potrebna pomoć u nabavci hrane i lijekova, iznošenja smeća, preuzimanja pošte ili brige o ljubimcima nazovite nas na
|
||||
|
||||
> [upišite telefonski broj]
|
||||
|
||||
> pa ćemo to obaviti za Vas, uz sve mjere zaštite da Vas ili druge ne izložimo zarazi.
|
||||
|
||||
> Lijep pozdrav i nemojte se nećkati. Nazovite, tu smo da pomognemo.
|
||||
|
||||
> [Kratki opis, poput "Susjedi XY iz prizemlja" ili "Inicijativa Jedni za druge"]
|
||||
|
||||
# Što treba imati na umu pri pripremi pomoći
|
||||
|
||||
Kada pripremate pomoć osobi u kućnoj izolaciji, uzmite u obzir sljedeće:
|
||||
- Da proučite kroz preporuke [što možete učinit za sebe i za svoje bližnje](https://www.hzjz.hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Dodatne-upute-za-pojedince-kolektive-i-poslodavce.pdf), [Vladine preporuke za starije osobe](https://www.koronavirus.hr/sto-moram-znati/o-zivotu/185), [naputke o samoizolaciji](https://www.koronavirus.hr/sto-znaci-samoizolacija-i-kako-je-provoditi/84) i [preporuku za oboljele s blagom kličkom slikom](https://www.hzjz.hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Kucna_izolacija_za_potvrdjene_1.pdf) i to prođete s obobom u kućnoj izolaciji kako bi razumjela kako trebaju organizirati život tijekom kućne izolacije i da bi ga mogli tako organizirati?
|
||||
- Što joj treba kupiti? Možete li to naručiti preko internetske dostave ili je bolje da joj vi dostavite te potrepštine?
|
||||
- Ima li dovoljno higijenskih sredstva poput sapuna i sredstava za dizinfekciju površina? Imaju li sredstva za pranje posuđa i pranje rublja?
|
||||
- Ima li lijekove koje treba? Treba li liječnički recept? Možete li joj vi preuzeti i donijeti lijek iz apoteke? Ima li maske, sapun i sredstva za dezinfekciju? Ima li toplomjer te lijekove za snižavanje temperature i kašalj?
|
||||
- Može li pripremiti vlastiti obrok ili treba pomoć? Možete li joj vi pripremiti obrok? Ili pomoći joj da dogovori dostavu hrane iz restorana, pučke kuhinje ili solidarne kuhinje?
|
||||
- Treba li joj iznijeti smeće ili podići poštu?
|
||||
- Ima li kućnog ljubimca kojeg treba izvesti u šetnju?
|
||||
- Ima li gotovine? Zna li plaćati preko interneta? Ima li osobu od povjerenja koja joj može podići novac? Treba li financijsku pomoć?
|
||||
- Kako biste smanjili vlastito kretanje, planirajte i pokušajte obaviti nabavke za nekoliko dana odjednom.
|
||||
|
||||
# Što treba imati na umu pri dostavi stvari
|
||||
|
||||
Kada osobi u izolaciji dostavljate stvari, pridržavajte se sljedećeg:
|
||||
|
||||
- Izbjegavajte bliski kontakt (u zatvorenom prostoru razmak od 2 metra, na otvorenom razmak od 1 metra, kontakt treba biti kratak) kako biste spriječili prijenos virusa zrakom. Najbolje ostavite stvari pred njenim vratima tako da ih ona preuzme jednom kad ste se odmakli na adekvatnu distancu. Ona isto može učiniti sa smećem ili bilo čime što treba predati vama.
|
||||
- Ako ne možete izbjeći bliski kontakt, osoba u izolaciji treba nositi masku. Ako nema masku, prvo joj ostavite masku. U suprotnom držite razmak od barem dva metra i interakciju kratkom.
|
||||
- Pažljivo baratajte stvarima kako biste izbjegli prijenos virusa preko površina. Ako imate čiste vrećice i jednokratne rukavice, upotrijebite ih. Koristite ih pri primopredaji.
|
||||
|
||||
# Što treba imati na umu ako imate osobu u izolaciji u vašem kućanstvu
|
||||
|
||||
Osobe koje moraju biti u izolaciji, bilo iz razloga što su (možda) zaražene ili pripadaju rizičnim skupinama, često žive u zajedničkom domaćinstvu s drugim osobama. Za djecu, starije, teže bolesne, nemoćne ili osobe s invaliditetom koji ovise o pomoći drugih, ali žive u situacijama gdje takvu pomoć ne mogu pružiti institucije i kvalificirani njegovatelji/-ce, preporučeno održavanje distance i izolacija nisu jednostavno izvedivi i dalje će morati dolaziti do bliskog kontakta. Ako imate osobu u izolaciji u vašem kućanstvu ili ste njegovatelj/-ica u istom kućanstvu, pridržavajte se [preporuke za oboljele s blagom kličkom slikom](https://www.hzjz.hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Kucna_izolacija_za_potvrdjene_1.pdf).
|
||||
|
||||
U situacijama zajedničkog domaćinstva ili osoba koje trebaju njegu, pridržavajte se ovih preporuka:
|
||||
- Izolirana osoba se treba smjestiti i ograničiti u zasebnu prostoriju. Prostoriju redovito prozračujte i dizinficirajte.
|
||||
- Izolirana bi osoba, po mogućnosti, trebala koristiti zasebne sanitarne prostorije. U suprotnom zajedničke saniterne prostorije treba dezinficirati nakon korištenja.
|
||||
- Osoba u izolaciji ne bi smjela dolaziti u kontakt s osobama u kućanstvu koje spadaju u kritične skupine.
|
||||
- Ako osoba u izolaciji treba pomoć negovatelja/-ica, ograničite njegovatelje/-ce na što manji broj osoba. Ako je osoba zaražena, pazite da njegovatelji/-ce ne spadaju u rizičnu skupinu.
|
||||
- Njegovatelji/-ce trebaju održavati razmak (od najmanje dva metra) ako ne pružaju izravnu pomoć, koristiti masku dok su u istoj prostoriji, koristiti jednokratne rukavice, prati ruke prije i nakon svakog kontakta.
|
||||
- Redovito dezinficirajte površine i zasebno odvajajte otpatke, pogotovo maramice i ostale kontaminirane otpatke. Držite kontaminirani otpad zavezan u plastičnoj vrećici u prostoriji gdje je osoba u izolaciji i zasebno ga iznesite neposredno prije skupljanja otpada.
|
||||
- Odvojite zasebno suđe i pribor za jelo i zasebno ga perite i dezinficirajte.
|
||||
- Odvojite posteljinu, ručnike i rublje, držite ga u zasebnoj vrećici, perite ga zasebno, redovito i na višoj temperaturi.
|
||||
|
||||
# Održavajte redovni kontakt i pružite emocionalnu podršku
|
||||
|
||||
Redovito se čujte s osobom u izolaciji. Slušajte je i angažirajte je u razgovor. Imajte i sljedeće na umu:
|
||||
- Ima li sve što joj treba? Je li zdravstveno dobro? Treba li liječničku pomoć?
|
||||
- Ako osoba boravi duže vrijeme u izolaciji od društva, možda joj treba kontakt i emocionalna podrška. Budite spremni provesti neko vrijeme u razgovoru s njom i razumijevanju kako se osjećaju i kako se nose sa situacijom.
|
||||
- Ako smatrate da emocionalno nije dobro, imajte spreman [kontakt telefon za psihološku pomoć](https://www.hzjz.hr/priopcenja-mediji/113-novi-pozivni-centar-za-sva-pitanja-vezana-uz-koronavirus/) i savjetujte joj da potraži savjet psihologa.
|
||||
- Ako se želite informirati kako pružiti autonomnu emocionalnu pomoć možete pogledati materijale u temi  u našem silabusu Piratske skrbi.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Primjeri zajednica koje organiziraju pomoć drugdje
|
||||
|
||||
[Susjedi pomažu susjedima u kućnoj izolaciji u Beču](https://www.facebook.com/wienzufuss/photos/a.458468684246706/2800060280087523/?type=3&theater)[^1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Grupa za zajedničku pomoć kvarta Gràcia u Barceloni (Telegram)](https://t.me/suportgracia)[^2]
|
||||
|
||||
[Brigade solidarnosti za hitne intervencije u Milanu (Telegram)](https://t.me/brigateprontointerventoMilano)[^3]
|
||||
|
||||
[Grupe uzajamne pomoći potaknute koronavirusom u Velikoj Britaniji: listu sastavila organizacija Freedom News](https://freedomnews.org.uk/covid-19-uk-mutual-aid-groups-a-list/)
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: Prevedeno na engleski: Dear neighbours! - If you are over 65 years of age or have an immune disease, i.e. weakened immune system, we (Fredi and Andi - Door 12) want to support you so you can stay healthy. / We don't belong to an at-risk group and we can land you a helping hand. If you have errands to be done (shopping and other activities in public), we are glad to be able to help. You can simply leave us a note on our door, in our mailbox or simply call at +43... Together Vienna will make it through the pandemic <3. / Kind regards, Fredi and Andi
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: Prevedeno na engleski: ORGANIZE SOLIDARITY IN YOUR BUILDINGS AND STREETS - What can you do?: 1⃣ Organize yourselves in groups in your building or along your section of the street to identify the people who need support and help with things such: grocery shopping, childcare, etc.; 2⃣ In order to organize yourself, you can: convene meetings of stairscases or street sections, visit all floors in your building to know the situation in each flat, install an information board at your entrance.; 3⃣ It is important to let everyone know that they are not alone, that they can count on the help of the neighborhood.; 4⃣ Generate communication channels between everyone in the building or street section. Both digital (via mobile phone) and physical (a sign at the entrance can be enabled to keep everyone informed and share needs); 5⃣ All of this should be done following the health care tips to avoid spreading the infection.
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: Prevedeno na engleski: We fight fear together to defeat the virus. This initiative was created to address the risk of the collapse of the national health system during the Covid-19 emergency. To participate send a mail to:
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "An Inventory of Tools from Radical Communities"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Activist Burnout, Trauma within Radical Movements
|
||||
|
||||
When resisting forces of domination (from the state, capitalism, patriarchy, coloniolism, the border, etc.) you will be met with repressive forms of violence. Sometimes that comes in the form of physical attacks and real violence, sometimes it comes in the form of psychological warfare. In this session, we want to look at some of the implications of this repressive strategy and some of the ways people have come up with for combatting it or thriving despite it.
|
||||
|
||||
## Recommended Reading
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- This brief pamphlette was developed by PMS in order to be circulated to individuals involved in a land struggle in France. It compiles from a variety of other sources we'd accumulated with some of our own additions and alterations to them, focusing on offering straightforward suggestions for helping one another deal with collective trauma.
|
||||
|
||||
-  (Rising Up Without Burning Out, pages 39-56)
|
||||
- This pamphlette is a great overview that was set up following from the Occupy Movement. In particular, the section on Emotional Support makes some concrete suggestions for how to build a holistic model for emotional support within the context of a large movement.
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- "In contemporary capitalism, the dominant reactive affect is anxiety"
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- part of a series of Blog posts by Nicole Rose (UK-based abolitionist, permaculturist, herbalist, educator and ex-prisoner). The blog is available via her website the Solidarity Apothecary, and also archived on http://www.emptycagesdesign.org and the blog is now a book which can be purchased in E-book form https://solidarityapothecary.org/overcomingburnout/
|
||||
|
||||
- reclaiming “victim” and embracing unhealthy coping - a presentation by emi koyama (emi@eminism.org) for harm reduction conference november 16, 2012
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- this powerpoint tackles the "overwhelming positivity and compulsory optimism/hopefulness of the trauma recovery industry" - including what gets marked as unhealthy coping strategies, and self harm.
|
||||
|
||||
## Further Reading
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- Another handout developed by the UK group Activist Trauma which details some of the simple best practices for dealing with trauma in our communities. Much of this material here is borrowed in "Basics of Emotional Support" by PMS and the handout from Out of Action.
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- counter-insurgency and psychological warfare
|
||||
|
||||
- https://outofaction.blackblogs.org/?p=720#worum
|
||||
- A reader from Out of Action in Germany about confronting violence in radical movements, as well as inside and outside of actions. This group also holds support groups and offers support within social movements. Here is a resource they have put together to share some best practices. Also similar to the handout from PMS and Activist Trauma Support.
|
||||
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- CPTSD is really common in radical communities, for a variety of reasons. What is it and what can we do about it? How is it approached from the Western medical model, and how can it be approached through herbalism?
|
||||
|
||||
## Discussion
|
||||
|
||||
- In what ways does state repression manifest as psychological warfare? What are some concrete and documented examples of this that you are aware of? What are the intended impacts of this and how might we work to combat it?
|
||||
- The experience of trauma itself does not lead to longterm expression of PTSD symptoms in every case. What are some factors (of the individual, their situation, the event, the follow up from the event, etc.) that might make the experience of trauma more harmful? What are some of the most important things to keep in mind as trauma pass through our world?
|
||||
|
||||
# Two Perspectives on Accountability
|
||||
|
||||
Accountability is an ever-elusive principle that we constantly aspire to develop and understand within ourselves and our communities. Why is it so hard? Here we have summarized some of the ongoing conversation around it by presenting two ways accountability can be conceptualized. First is the view that seems common in activist, anarchist, queer, feminist communities. Accountability that is seen as a response to harm, something often invoked as a process for negotiating that of accountability as something that's primarily invoked when one person harms another, often in the form of abuse and sexual violence. Second is accountability as an ongoing practice of care, which may open up some new possibilities and directions.
|
||||
|
||||
## Accountability as a reaction to harm
|
||||
|
||||
- **Accountability as a reaction to harm**: the accountability process, the conceptualization of accountability as something that can be demanded and taken, the uncomfortable similarities between these negotiations and the carceral system, and the failed processes that only magnify harm.
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- A collection of articles about various anarchist responses to abuse and interpersonal violence, including transformative justice in practice, an analysis of accountability processes, and reports from those who've chosen instead to directly confront rapists.
|
||||
- 
|
||||
- This zine looks at the ways rape culture persists in anarchist scenes and how accountability processes often fail to confront abuse in any meaningful way.
|
||||
- " particularly the intro and "Safety is an Illusion"
|
||||
- A collection of writings on disillusionment with the concept of accountability as it's expressed, expected, and practiced in radical scenes. This can be a difficult piece and I include it here not because I agree with all its contents or approaches, but because it's important to get at the visceral disappointment and rage that many feel over the failure of "accountability" as it's typically been implemented.
|
||||
- > The typical proposal for responding to rape, the community accountability process, is based on a transparent lie. There are no activist communities, only the desire for communities, or the convenient fiction of communities. A community is a material web that binds people together, for better and for worse, in interdependence. If its members move away every couple years because the next place seems cooler, it is not a community. If it is easier to kick someone out than to go through a difficult series of conversations with them, it is not a community. Among the societies that had real communities, exile was the most extreme sanction possible, tantamount to killing them. On many levels, losing the community and all the relationships it involved was the same as dying. Let’s not kid ourselves: we don’t have communities.
|
||||
|
||||
## Accountability as a harm reduction
|
||||
|
||||
- **Accountability as harm reduction***: removed from a model that implicitly positions accountability as punishment, we can start to see it as the building material of interpersonal relationships, of care and affinity towards those we exist in community with (however we define that). The task of addressing harm is never easy, but perhaps when we're approaching it from a foundation of practicing accountability as care for one another, it can be less devastating.
|
||||
- "The Secret Joy of Accountability: Self-accountability as a Building Block for Change" by Shannon Perez-Darby, from *The Revolution Starts At Home*
|
||||
- *"So often, people jump to an external definition of accountability that is about other people assuming responsibility for their actions rather than imagining accountability as an internal process where each of us examines our own behaviors and choices so that we can better reconcile those choices with our own values. I define (self) accountability as a process of taking responsibility for your choices and the consequences of those choices."*
|
||||
- what is harm reduction? in the context of substance use, here's the Harm Reduction Coalition's definition: 
|
||||
- 
|
||||
|
||||
## Discussion
|
||||
|
||||
- Choose a principle of harm reduction, either from the list linked above or your own experience. How can it be applied to mental health and emotional support? What might that look like in practice?
|
||||
- What are some conditions that need to be met for accountability to be put into practice?
|
||||
- Think about your own interpersonal relationships: what are a few ways you practice accountability that aren't a reaction to harm?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Come assistere le persone nell'isolamento domestico"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Drafted by the [Pirate Care Syllabus](http://syllabus.pirate.care/) crew. Last edit: March 14, 9pm CST.
|
||||
|
||||
*Ovaj dokument dostupan je i na Hrvatskom: *
|
||||
|
||||
*This document is also available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Hay una versión de este documento en español: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Dieses Dokument existiert auch in einer deutschen Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Logica per l'organizzazione dell'assistenza
|
||||
|
||||
La cosa più significativa che le persone possono fare per ridurre la diffusione del virus e la mortalità è praticare il distanziamento fisico e l'autoisolamento. Tutte le persone appartenenti a gruppi a rischio (oltre i 60 anni e/o affetti da patologie croniche come malattie cardiovascolari e cardiache, pressione sanguigna alta o bassa, diabete, malattie polmonari o del sistema immunitario), le persone che hanno recentemente viaggiato in zone di contagio o le persone con sintomi sospetti a cui il medico ha consigliato l'isolamento, sono altamente consigliate di restare a casa e di evitare il contatto con gli/le altri/e. In tal modo, si evita il rischio di essere infettati/e o di infettare gli/le altri/e.
|
||||
|
||||
L'autoisolamento, tuttavia, crea ostacoli significativi per garantire la fornitura regolare di cibo, medicine, articoli da casa e altri materiali di consumo, nonché ostacoli nel partecipare a compiti di routine come estrarre la spazzatura o raccogliere la posta. Ciò implica una revisione radicale del modo in cui coloro che sono isolati/e dovranno organizzare la propria vita. Le condizioni di isolamento potrebbero quindi portare a disorientamento, mancanza di contatto sociale e difficoltà emotive.
|
||||
|
||||
Se non fai parte di un gruppo a rischio e desideri organizzarti come gruppo o come individuo per assistere i tuoi familiari, amici/he, vicini/e o estranei, ecco le cose che puoi prendere in considerazione per creare pratiche attraverso cui assistere queste persone nelle esigenze che nascono durante l'isolamento domestico:
|
||||
|
||||
# Fai sapere che sei pronto ad aiutare!
|
||||
|
||||
Fai sapere che puoi fornire assistenza chiamandoli/e, lasciando un biglietto sotto la porta o attaccando un biglietto all'ingresso dell'edificio. Puoi anche pubblicizzarlo sui social media o su una pagina Web, ma tieni a mente che gli/le anziani/e potrebbero non essere esperti/e di Internet, quindi fai affidamento principalmente alla carta e al telefono. Non dimenticare di lasciare il tuo numero di telefono nel biglietto. Aggiungi anche che sei disposto/a a dare assistenza ad altre persone e, quindi, che sono liberi/e di informare, laddove lo ritenessero necessario, i/le loro amici/he e familiari in zona.
|
||||
|
||||
# Cosa devi sapere quando si organizza l'assistenza
|
||||
|
||||
Quando organizzi l'assistenza assicurati di:
|
||||
|
||||
- Segui la persona che si trova in isolamento seguendo le [linee guida](https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/coronavirus/self-isolation-and-limited-social-interaction.html) intorno a ciò che si può fare durante l'isolamento domestico e ciò di cui si ha bisogno per organizzare la propria vita in isolamento.
|
||||
- Chiediti di quali cose le persone in isolamento hanno bisogno. Puoi ordinarle online oppure è meglio che sia tu stesso/a a provvedere?
|
||||
- Hanno le medicine di cui necessitano? Hanno bisogno di una prescrizione? Puoi ritirare tu i loro farmaci in farmacia? Hanno disinfettanti di base, maschere, sapone e alcool (con oltre il 60% di alcool) o candeggina (con soluzione al 3%)? Hanno un termometro e medicine base per febbre e tosse?
|
||||
- Possono preparare un pasto o hanno bisogno di aiuto? Puoi preparargli tu un pasto? Puoi organizzare che gli venga consegnato il cibo da una cucina solidale nelle vicinanze?
|
||||
- Hanno bisogno di qualcuno/a per far uscire la spazzatura o ritirare la posta?
|
||||
- Hanno un animale domestico che deve essere accompagnato fuori?
|
||||
- Hanno soldi? Hanno contanti? Possono pagare online? Hanno una persona di fiducia che può prelevare denaro per loro? Hanno bisogno di assistenza finanziaria?
|
||||
|
||||
# Cosa devi sapere quando si consegnano gli articoli a domicilio
|
||||
|
||||
Nel consegnare le cose considera anche quanto segue:
|
||||
- Evita il contatto ravvicinato per impedire la trasmissione del virus per via aerea.
|
||||
- È meglio lasciare le cose davanti alla porta e chiedere che siano ritirate una volta che ti sei allontanato/a a una distanza di sicurezza di almeno 2 metri.
|
||||
- Puoi fare lo stesso con la spazzatura o qualsiasi altra cosa che devi scambiare con loro.
|
||||
|
||||
Considera anche quanto segue:
|
||||
- Se non puoi evitare il contatto diretto, la persona isolata deve indossare una maschera. Per prima cosa, quindi, lascia loro una maschera se non ne hanno già una a disposizione.
|
||||
- Maneggia con cura gli oggetti in consegna per evitare la trasmissione del virus attraverso le superfici: usa i guanti monouso.
|
||||
|
||||
# Cosa devi considerare se vivi con la persona in isolamento domestico
|
||||
|
||||
Le persone isolate, sia perché infettate o infette sia perché appartengono a uno dei gruppi a rischio, potrebbero vivere in una casa condivisa con altre persone. Per coloro che sono più anziani, gravemente ammalati, malati o disabili che dipendono dall'assistenza di altri/e, ma vivono in luoghi e situazioni in cui tale assistenza non può essere fornita da istituzioni e personale qualificato, il distanziamento fisico e l'isolamento potrebbero non essere facili da assicurare – in particolare, laddove vi è la necessità di un contatto diretto. Se sei un operatore/trice sociale, leggi i consigli per gli assistenti a bamini/e e ad altre figure in isolamento tracciati in questa [guida](https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/self-isolation-and-self-quarantine/how-to-self-isolate.html).
|
||||
|
||||
In breve:
|
||||
- Se possibile, isolare la persona in una stanza separata.
|
||||
- Areare regolarmente la stanza.
|
||||
- Se possibile, assegnare alla persona un bagno o un lavandino separato.
|
||||
- Isolare la persona dagli altri elementi della famiglia.
|
||||
- Se la persona ha bisogno dell'assistenza di altre persone, ridurre il numero degli/lle assistenti/e che si occuperanno di curarlo/a. Se la persona è infetta, assicurati che gli/le assistenti/e non appartengano a uno dei gruppi a rischio.
|
||||
- Mantenere la distanza (di almeno un metro) se non si fornisce supporto diretto, utilizzare la maschera per tutto il tempo in cui ci si trova nella stessa stanza e lavarsi le mani prima e dopo il contatto.
|
||||
- Disinfetta le superfici, separa i loro rifiuti.
|
||||
|
||||
# Mantenere contatti regolari e fornire supporto emotivo
|
||||
|
||||
Mantieni contatti su base regolare. Ascolta. Considera quanto segue:
|
||||
- C'è tutto ciò di cui la persona ha bisogno? Si sente bene? Ha bisogno di assistenza medica?
|
||||
- Man mano che le persone restanno in'isolamento sociale, potrebbero perdere il contatto e il supporto emotivo: sii pronto/a a passare del tempo con loro per parlare e capire come si sentono.
|
||||
- Se ritieni che non stiano bene emotivamente, tieni a portata di mano un numero di aiuto psicologico e consiglia loro di chiedere una consulenza.
|
||||
- Se desideri essere informato/a su come fornire un supporto psicologico autonomo, considera la sessione [Psycho-social autonomy](topic:psychosocialautonomy.md) che si trova nel syllabus di Pirate Care.
|
||||
|
||||
# Esempi di comunità che autoorganizzano l'assistenza
|
||||
|
||||
[I vicini che si aiutano nell'isolamento domestico a Vienna](https://www.facebook.com/wienzufuss/photos/a.458468684246706/2800060280087523/?type=3&theater)[^1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Il quartiere di Gràcia a Barcellona si supporta tramite Telegram](https://t.me/suportgracia)[^2]
|
||||
|
||||
[Brigata di solidarietà per far fronte all'emergenza a Milano](https://t.me/brigateprontointerventoMilano)[^3]
|
||||
|
||||
[Gruppo Facebook per assistere le persone a Zagabria e non solo](https://www.facebook.com/groups/523065185274554/)
|
||||
|
||||
[Facebook grupa za pomoć ljudima u Rijeci](https://www.facebook.com/groups/390454108400992/)
|
||||
|
||||
[COVID-19 UK gruppi di mutuo aiuto: una lista di Freedom News](https://freedomnews.org.uk/covid-19-uk-mutual-aid-groups-a-list/)
|
||||
|
||||
[Queer Relief Covid-19 Berlin - Chiedere aiuto](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeYAX7N5xqNqwQRRz8mBH4uL9oL23Kn60uUOwmssfE6sEg2gg/viewform?fbclid=IwAR2SygfHSQSq9Gkj8_-9OnjsKT4Q7eZHt0DuYNeh7ozfbuasJf3KGRiWoIs)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Ulteriori approfondimenti
|
||||
- [Poster scaricabili come misura preventiva per coloro che si autoisolano, di Chronically Awesome](https://chronicallyawesome.org.uk/posters-for-those-who-are-self-isolating-as-a-preventative-measure/)
|
||||
- [Uso sicuro di farmaci durante l'epidemia di COVID-19](https://lookaside.fbsbx.com/file/COVID19%20safer%20drug%20use.pdf?token=AWxd1gCExP0zbpdULu9PhQROCG5PIk4GHwF8PmtHYXE7XBTULcjeVRnQ7DxxhXTMvV8auJGiGoMIDaTeRj6S16UGXIdodGElXEhlx78UmgBkCcq5WIniI5UE3tDPEe0InVjURsKobBbxTycSr6TR-ch002u4WmRVHACB53miwRr72Q)
|
||||
- [Bisogna mettere in quarantena il gatto o disinfettare il cane? Consigli su Coronavirus e animali domestici](https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/quarantine-cat-disinfect-dog-latest-advice-about-coronavirus-and-your-pets?fbclid=IwAR20kIlTBEYSEFTPYJVJSBdrRsT779FzKacii_cGyM30DbceiqDFi22NTlQ)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Note
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: La nota dice: Cari vicini! - Se hai più di 65 anni o hai una malattia immunitaria, vale a dire un sistema immunitario indebolito, noi (Fredi e Andi - Porta 12) vogliamo supportarti affinché tu possa rimanere in salute. Non apparteniamo a un gruppo a rischio e possiamo darvi una mano. Se hai commissioni da fare (acquisti e altre attività in esterno), saremo lieti di poterti aiutare. Puoi semplicemente lasciarci un messaggio sulla nostra porta, nella nostra casella di posta o semplicemente chiamare al numero +43 ... Insieme Vienna riuscirà a superare la pandemia <3. / Cordiali saluti, Fredi e Andi
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: Traduzione di Bue Rübner Hansen: ORGANIZZARE LA SOLIDARIETA' NEL TUO EDIFICIO E/O STRADA - Cosa puoi fare ?: 1. Organizzatevi in gruppi per identificare le persone che hanno bisogno di supporto e aiutare con cose come: fare la spesa, assistenza all'infanzia, ecc.; 2. Per organizzarti, puoi: convocare riunioni di scala o di strada, visitare i piani del tuo edificio per conoscere la situazione in ogni appartamento, installare un pannello informativo all'ingresso; 3. È importante far sapere a tutti/e che non sono soli, che possono contare sull'aiuto del vicinato; 4. Crea canali di comunicazione tra tutte le persone che vivono l'edificio o la strada. Apri canali sia digitali (tramite cellulare) sia fisici (un cartello all'ingresso può essere appeso per tenere tutti/e informati/e e per condividere le esigenze); 5. Tutto ciò dovrebbe essere fatto seguendo i consigli sanitari per evitare di diffondere l'infezione.
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: La nota dice: Combattiamo la paura insieme per sconfiggere il virus. Questa iniziativa è stata creata per affrontare il rischio del collasso del sistema sanitario nazionale durante l'emergenza Covid-19. Per partecipare invia una mail a: xy
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
title: "Convivialità senza prossimità"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*There is a version of this document in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Von diesem Dokument gibt es eine deutsche Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Man mano che le persone restano a lungo in isolamento ricorrono a modi fantasiosi per organizzare momenti collettivi, conviviali e politici. Questi sono solo alcuni esempi delle pratiche con cui le persone stanno riorganizzanndo la socialità e la convivialità:
|
||||
|
||||
# Radio Pirata
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Lo scoppio di COVID-19 nel nord Italia è coinciso con l'8 marzo - la Giornata Internazionale delle Donne. Il movimento transfemminista di giustizia sociale Non Una Di Meno ha dovuto annullare la maggior parte delle mobilitazioni e delle azioni collettive che aveva programmato per l'occasione, incluso lo sciopero che avrebbe dovuto avvenire il giorno seguente, il 9 marzo. Per questo Non Una Di Meno ha organizzato una serie di iniziative alternative dislocate. Alcune offline, come appendere striscioni dagli edifici, altre online. Una azione online di forte impatto è stata la radio Non Una Di Meno, trasmessa sia in [streaming](https://archive.org/details/@non_una_di_meno_-_milano) che in FM attraverso la collaborazione di alcune [radio locali](https://www.radiocittafujiko.it/la-marea-in-onda-lo-sciopero-transfemminista-alla-radio/).
|
||||
|
||||
La web radio può essere un potente strumento per organizzare e socializzare in periodi di isolamento domestico. Ecco alcune risorse su come iniziare:
|
||||
|
||||
## Strumenti per costruire una web radio
|
||||
- How to radio stream, by Unit [Eng](https://hackmd.io/@madu/HowToRadioStream)
|
||||
- Come costruire una web radio, by Unit [Ita](https://wiki.unit.abbiamoundominio.org/HowtoRadioStream)
|
||||
- [How to Radio Stream by Radio Bitume](https://wiki.unit.abbiamoundominio.org/RadioBitume)
|
||||
- [Mixxx App](https://mixxx.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
## Web radio attive
|
||||
- [Radio Virus](http://www.radiovirus.org)
|
||||
- [NUDM Milano - Radio Archive 2020](https://archive.org/details/@non_una_di_meno_-_milano)
|
||||
- [Radio Cia Manzoni](http://www.shareradio.it/radio-cia-manzoni-la-lezione-si-alla-radio/)
|
||||
- [In diretta per le amiche](http://www.shareradio.it/diretta-le-amiche-gli-amici-quarta/)
|
||||
- [Radio Womat](https://wombat.noblogs.org/)
|
||||
- [Radio Quarantena](https://www.spreaker.com/show/radioquarantena)
|
||||
- [Radio Dyne](http://radio.dyne.org/trasformatorio.m3u?fbclid=IwAR0qFqdqCDnnmtjFvslpvRCcWB_jI8ngQRD6qsrfFG2C44DAJl5GCUlaeo8)
|
||||
- [Radio Quartiere](https://radioquartiere.online/)
|
||||
- [Radio No Border](https://radionoborder.net/?lang=en)
|
||||
- [LOCo19](https://lost.abbiamoundominio.org/2020/loco19radio.html)
|
||||
|
||||
## Radio Web storiche
|
||||
- [Radioooo](http://radiooooo.com/)
|
||||
- [Radio Garden](http://radio.garden/search)
|
||||
- [Radio Aporee](https://aporee.org/maps/work/user.php?u=308)
|
||||
- [Shirley & Spinoza Radio](http://compound-eye.org/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Raduno sui balconi
|
||||
|
||||
**Fonti:**
|
||||
- [Aplausos en toda España para agradecer al personal sanitario su titánico esfuerzo](https://www.elperiodico.com/es/sociedad/20200314/coronavirus-aplausos-vecinos-personal-medico-7890204)
|
||||
- [L'applauso dai balconi di tutta Italia per medici e infermieri](https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2020-03-14/coronavirus-applausi-balconi-mezzogiorno-7519424/)
|
||||
|
||||
Il 14 marzo, a mezzogiorno, un lungo applauso è scoppiato dalle finestre e dai balconi di molte città italiane. L'iniziativa, diffusa sui social network e nelle chat di quartiere, è stata l'occasione per ringraziare - a distanza di sicurezza - tutti/e coloro che sono in prima linea in questi giorni difficili per il Paese: medici, infermieri/e, specialisti/e, ma anche tutti/e quei/lle lavoratori/trici che vorrebbero rimanere a casa ma non possono perché i loro datori di lavoro rifiutano di chiudere la produzione.
|
||||
|
||||
Lo stesso giorno, anche in Spagna, milioni di persone hanno deciso di ringraziare il personale sanitario per l'enorme sforzo che stanno compiendo in questi giorni con lo scopo di fermare l'espansione del Coronavirus. Alle 22:00, poco dopo che il Primo Ministro Pedro Sánchez termina la sua conferenza pubblica, i/le residenti di molte città spagnole, come Barcellona, Madrid, Oviedo e Benidorm, hanno aperto le finestre delle loro case e iniziato ad applaudire con forza e gioia per ringraziare tutti gli/le addetti/e alle pulizie che stanno lavorando oltre i turni per affrontare COVID-19. In alcuni quartieri residenziali di Madrid, come Montecarmelo, dove vivono molte famiglie con bambini/e, il ciclo di applausi era previsto alle 21:00, in modo che anche i/le più piccoli/e potessero partecipare.
|
||||
|
||||
In tutta Italia, flash mob a distanza vengono organizzati in diversi momenti della giornata con concerti di musica dal vivo, dj set ed esibizioni improvvisate per facilitare l'isolamento.
|
||||
|
||||
# Cucina in quarantena
|
||||
di Ajam Media Collective
|
||||
|
||||
Fonte:
|
||||
|
||||
[Quarantine Kitchen: Iranians share recipes, flavors, and joy despite the threat of coronavirus](https://ajammc.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
Teheran è in stato di semi-quarantena da settimane. Milioni di persone hanno evitato di uscire la casa per paura di diffondere il Coronavirus. Scuole, università, teatri e palestre sono stati chiusi. Un silenzio crescente è caduto negli spazi pubblici. La paura è aggravata dalle sanzioni statunitensi contro l'Iran, che hanno portato alla carenza di medicinali di base e di forniture sanitarie necessarie per combattere la diffusione del virus. Durante la quarantena, gli iraniani cucinano, condividono ricette, sperimentano nuove e vecchie spezie e idee, trovano gioia nei sapori che mescolano e scoprono. Queste storie sono diventate l'ispirazione per Golrokh Nafisi, un'artista di Teheran la cui ultima serie si chiama "Quarantine Kitchen". Nafisi ha disegnato i ritratti delle sue amiche mentre preparavano nuove ricette, basandosi sulle storie che le avevano raccontato in quarantena. L'artista sta sviluppando la serie e ha chiesto a chiunque abbia una ricetta da condividere di contattarla, in modo da poterla disegnare.
|
||||
|
||||
# CloudRaves
|
||||
|
||||
**Fonti:**
|
||||
|
||||
[Clubbers in China are going to 'cloud raves' on TikTok because Coronavirus quarantines mean they can't party for real — here's what CloudRaves are like](https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-quarantine-cloud-raves-china-photos-2020-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
|
||||
Dato che milioni di cinesi sono bloccati a casa per l'epidemia di Coronavirus, i locali notturni in tutto il paese li stanno intrattenendo" con dei "cloud raves" online. I clubber si sono sintonizzati su piattaforme video come Douyin, la versione cinese di TikTok, e partecipando a loro volta. Alcuni DJ e Club hanno trasmesso in live streaming su Kuaishou, un'altra piattaforma video molto popolare in Cina. Funziona così: i DJ registrano la loro esibizione dal locale, dallo studi o dalla casa, e la registrazione va in streaming su Douyin. Durante i concerti in cloud, le esibizioni delle band sono proiettate per gli spettatori. Nonostante non sia spettacolo dal vivo, la gente ascolta il concerto insieme condividendo pensieri attraverso i commenti, in tempo reale. Così, dalla quarantena si può sintonizzarsi su qualsiasi evento musicale. Alcuni/e ravers hanno persino pubblicato video di se stessi che ballano a casa con la musica.
|
||||
Il format "rave cloud" ha avuto un enorme successo: milioni di spettatori alla volta si sintonizzano agli streaming live. Secondo Vice, quasi 2,3 milioni di persone si sono sintonizzate sul rave cloud di Sir Teen il 10 febbraio, con oltre 100.000 spettatori che si sono uniti nei primi 30 minuti.
|
||||
|
||||
Il cloud clubbing pare sia estremamente redditizio. Il 9 febbraio, infatti, uno streaming live della discoteca OneThird riceve quasi 20 milioni di monete TikTok dagli spettatori, il che equivale a oltre 1 milione di RMB ($ 143.000). Un altro evento tenutosi a San Valentino ha attirato 4 milioni di spettatori online, raccogliendo 570.000 RMB ($ 81.500) per il personale medico in prima linea contro il Coronnavirus.
|
||||
|
||||
# Cloud sleeping
|
||||
|
||||
**Fonte:**
|
||||
|
||||
[Stuck at Home Due to Coronavirus, Millions of Chinese Are Partying Online](https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/epgapp/online-parties-china-coronavirus-lockdown)
|
||||
|
||||
Oltre le feste in cloud che si sono moltiplicate su Internet in Cina, c'è anche il fenomeno del "sonno in cloud".
|
||||
|
||||
Uno stream live di SheiJiaDeYuanSan aveva oltre 18 milioni di persone che lo guardavano mentre dormiva per 12 ore. Perché tante visualizzazioni di un ragazzo che dorme? Non ci sono risposte, almeno non ancora. Lui stesso è esterefatto dalla viralità della sua performance notturna, e ha dichiarato a ChinaZ.com che, nonostante abbia attirato popolarità improvvisa, ne ha avuto abbastanza. Infatti, la gente ha incominciato a minacciarlo di non seguirlo più se non fosse andato a dormire, anche alle 17:00 del pomeriggio.
|
||||
|
||||
# Aperitivi virtuali
|
||||
|
||||
**Fonte:**
|
||||
|
||||
[Arriva il weekend in isolamento: tutti pronti per l'aperitivo virtuale](https://it.mashable.com/coronavirus/2364/arriva-il-weekend-in-isolamento-tutti-pronti-per-laperitivo-virtuale)
|
||||
|
||||
[Coronavirus, aperitivi e cene virtuali: le app per ritrovarsi vicini ma lontani](https://www.corriere.it/moda/20_marzo_14/coronavirus-aperitivi-cene-virtuali-app-ritrovarsi-vicini-ma-lontani-e0147d82-65ff-11ea-a287-bbde7409af03.shtml)
|
||||
|
||||
In Italia, dove l'aperitivo è un rituale sociale consolidato, cerchie di amici, ma anche bar e pub, stanno testando modalità remote di convivialità organizzando incontri virtuali tramite app di videoconferenza come HouseParty o Meeting Zoom. A Varese, un caffè ha organizzato un I-peritivo dal vivo su Instagram, chiedendo ai partecipanti di fare una donazione (anziché pagare il conto) all'ospedale locale per aiutare a far fronte all'emergenza del Coronavirus.
|
||||
|
||||
Dato che molte piattaforme di videoconferenza commerciali si loccano dopo che è stato raggiunto un determinato numero di utenti, secondo quanto riferito, le persone stanno scoprendo diversi modi per aggirare tale limitazione. Ad esempio, connettendosi con i primi 4 amici su WhatsApp e, contemporaneamente, con altri 2 via Skype.
|
||||
|
||||
# QuarantineChat
|
||||
|
||||
**Fonte:**
|
||||
|
||||
[QuaratineChat](https://quarantinechat.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
QuarantineChat è stato creato dagli artisti Danielle Baskin e Max Hawkins.
|
||||
|
||||
Una volta effettuata la registrazione, sarai abbonato a ricevere chiamate periodiche. Riceverai chiamate da un ID "QuarantineChat". Dopo un breve momento di attesa, sarai connesso con un'altra persona a caso. Non devi rispondere per forza: l'accoppiamento verrà automaticamennte ricombinato. Puoi unirti e lasciare la linea quando vuoi. È privato. Il tuo numero di telefono serve per iscriversi a Dialup, ma solo il tuo nome utente sarà in chiaro. Tutte le chiamate sono crittografate end-to-end.
|
||||
|
||||
# Ulteriori approfondimenti
|
||||
[My Darling Quarantine Short Film Festival, programmed by the international short film community](https://talkingshorts.com/festivals/my-darling-quarantine-short-film-festival?fbclid=IwAR1muJ6ubeX8-LdHakJuQmYWlhOqCiBu7FUu1Xbp7VBSlloakIdbKL8EZds)
|
||||
|
||||
[Quarantine Film Club](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lPsmseCoLdW5V1VSe9pq9DDuBhVQ10LObOb3I_zUUYU/edit?fbclid=IwAR0CFbRvGnVWSytYeC0oGnnjJ3LmC0FzLUF9W6xw6ibGkoDLcKruI4nIZH8#gid=585095018)
|
||||
|
||||
[Il cinema è vivo, viva il cinema: come andare oltre Netflix e la pirateria (ITA)](https://www.che-fare.com/cinema-piattaforma-streaming/?fbclid=IwAR2xRm84HQCus4hrxFvVjGSai_MYO0hso9ob3t9_1jp5DnKmZohCSkY0rQs)
|
||||
|
||||
[Capital in a Time of Corona - a Marxist online Reading Group](https://discordapp.com/channels/687663296484343828/689509291895685162)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
title: "Coronavirus e la crisi ambientale planetaria"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*There is a version of this document in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Zu diesem Dokument gibt es eine deutsche Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Origini ambientali della pandemia
|
||||
|
||||
Secondo l'epidemiologo Dennis Carroll, la ricerca in corso di EcoHealth Alliance, un'organizzazione che protegge la fauna selvatica e la salute pubblica dall'emergenza malattie [^0], mostra che gli ultimi quattro decenni hanno visto un aumento dalle due alle tre volte di salti zoonotici di virus, dagli animali all'uomo[^1]. La maggiore incidenza di epidemie come il Coronavirus è una conseguenza, da una parte, della rapida espansione dell'agricoltura agro-alimentare industriale in habitat faunistici e, dall'altra, della crescente inclusione di specie selvatiche nelle catene di capitalistiche [^2]. Le zone limitrofe tra i territori della fauna selvatica devastata e l'agricoltura invasiva sono quelle che facilitano i salti zoonotici dagli animali selvatici agli animali da allevamento, con un particolare contributo dei pipistrelli della frutta [^3]. Da lì si diffondono alle popolazioni umane. I salti dagli animali di allevamento industriale come maiali, polli e cammelli dromedari verso l'uomo sono stati alla radice dell'influenza aviaria, dell'influenza suina, della SARS, del MERS, dell'H5N2 e dell'H5Nx.
|
||||
|
||||
Gli ecosistemi degradati, con la loro complessità ridotta a causa dell'agricoltura industriale e delle monocolture, hanno meno capacità intrinseca di arrestare la diffusione di epidemie tra le specie selvatiche. Pertanto, si prevede che la destabilizzazione ecologica planetaria, una combinazione di cambiamento climatico, cambiamento di uso del suolo e fratture biochimiche, genererà nuovi agenti patogeni a un ritmo crescente. In effetti, uno degli indicatori di destabilizzazione dei confini planetari proposti dall'Istituto di Resilienza di Stoccolma sono le nuove entità, che includono materiali non viventi prodotti dall'uomo ed esseri viventi come sostanze radioattive di inquinanti sintetici, nanomateriali, microplastiche o organismi geneticamente modificati e può anche includere i virus mutageni (trasformanti) che emergono dalle condizioni create dalle azioni dell'agricoltura industriale.
|
||||
|
||||
# Conseguenze ambientali della pandemia
|
||||
|
||||
Nei primi giorni del blocco di Hubei, le immagini satellitari rilasciate dalla NASA hanno suggerito che lo stop alla produzione industriale e al traffico hanno ridotto radicalmente l'inquinamento atmosferico e, potenzialmente, salvato fino a 77.000 vite [^4]. Anche una grande città del Nord Italia come Milano, nota per i loro livelli altissimi di inquinamento atmosferico, ha subito una radicale riduzione dell'inquinamento [^5]. In un'apparente dimostrazione di comportamento del tutto irrazionale, quando i viaggiatori hanno iniziato a interrompere i loro piani di viaggio, gli aerei sono stati lasciati partire senza quasi nessun passeggero a bordo. L'inquinamento delle flotte aeree commerciali è la causa di 16.000 decessi prevenibili in tutto il mondo su base annua [^6]. L'ironia della questione è che l'abbassamento dell'inquinamento atmosferico è vantaggioso per il recupero da Corona. Il rallentamento dell'attività economica durante l'epidemia avrà un impatto importante anche sulla riduzione delle emissioni globali di gas serra.
|
||||
|
||||
Tuttavia, la riduzione dell'inquinamento e delle emissioni derivate dalla crisi piuttosto che da una reale transizione politica non è qualcosa per cui gioire troppo. Contate il numero relativo dei morti è malthusianesimo sotto mentite spoglie [^7]. Infatti, quando il mondo farà un passo indietro dalla crisi, le comunità vulnerabili saranno lasciate soffrire, e i modelli di impatto ambientale del sistema di produzione capitalista torneranno a pieno ritmo. Già sauditi e russi stanno portando avanti una guerra dei prezzi spingendo sul mercato mondiale a prezzi bassissimi più petrolio del necessario, in questo contesto di riduzione della domanda. Una volta che questa situazione rallenterà, il mondo potrebbe essere inondato di petrolio a basso costo, cosa che annullerà rapidamente la riduzione delle emissioni che abbiamo vissuto durante la crisi. Per farla breve, una vita sostenibile e giusta per tutt* richiede forti ed efficaci scelte politiche, non una crisi pandemica.
|
||||
|
||||
# Lezioni ambientali dalla pandemia
|
||||
|
||||
Tuttavia, mentre siamo nel bel mezzo della crisi, si scorge un'apertura che ci permette di riconsiderare l'organizzazione dei nostri sistemi di produzione e di consumo e delle loro priorità. Sembrano ora sorprendentemente possibili richieste radicali di gestione coordinata del sociale come gli enormi sforzi per salvare vite umane, la volontà collettiva di cambiare l'organizzazione delle nostre vite, una redistribuzione delle ricchezze e la volontà di accettare gradi di incertezza a fronte di una situazione emergenziale. La dottrina della TINA sembra improvvisamente, anche se per un momento, ridotta a un ridicolo feticismo storico di un gruppo di sociopatici che hanno beneficiato della compiacenza di un lungo periodo di pace, e della crescente ricchezza, per stagnare intenzionalmente in un esperimento sociale atto a sacrificare vitne sotto le ruote del profitto.
|
||||
|
||||
Dall'attuale pandemia abbiamo imparato molte lezioni preziose per una transizione ecologica:
|
||||
- le vite a lungo termine hanno la precedenza sull'economia a breve termine
|
||||
- le risposte a grosse minacce alla vita umana possono essere solo pianificate e gestite socialmente
|
||||
- la mancanza di cooperazione globale può esacerbare la minaccia (o questa poi diventerà un boomerang come l'amministrazione di Trump o UE stanno scoprendo)
|
||||
- un pilastro importante nella gestione della minaccia è riprendere il controllo sui servizi e le infrastrutture sociali che sono state privatizzate.
|
||||
- le aziende possono essere statalizzate se il loro modello di business non è più praticabile e se c'è la necessità di produrre per esigenze sociali
|
||||
- le politiche fiscali sono uno strumento essenziale per orientare l'adattamento sociale
|
||||
- la fornitura di alloggi, cibo e salute privatizzata può essere socializzata;
|
||||
- nei momenti critici il lavoro di riproduzione sociale, generalmente invisibilizzato e considerato economicamente secondario rispetto alla produzione, emerge come essenziale e prezioso per le società
|
||||
- le persone sono disposte a contribuire in massa al lavoro di riproduzione sociale
|
||||
- i modelli della vita quotidiana possono cambiare radicalmente dall'oggi al domani di fronte a una grave minaccia ed essere accolti dalle persone
|
||||
- ciò che diventa fondamentale per un cambiamento radicale è come organizzare il tempo liberato, per un lavoro socialmente significativo e tempo libero conviviale
|
||||
|
||||
Vi sono evidenti parallelismi tra la destabilizzazione ecologica globale e la pandemia di Coronavirus. Entrambe sono processi apparentemente invisibili che rieccheggiano più nelle affermazioni degli scienziati che nella realtà vissuta, fino a quando non abbattono dolorosamente producendo perdita di vite umane e il disfacimento di modi di vita che fino ad allora sembravano immutabili. Tuttavia, la destabilizzazione ambientale globale è distribuita in modo molto disomogeneo in termini geografici e scale temporali. Ovunque, inizialmente, i/le ricchi/e prova a limitare le loro perdite mentre i/le poveri/e, prevalentemente dell'emisfero meridionale, sono già in forti condizioni di sofferennza. Eppure, a un certo punto nessuno/a sfuggirà alla destabilizzazione degli ecosistemi planetari, i tempi di azione non si misurano in settimane ma in anni e decenni.
|
||||
|
||||
Grazie al capovolgimento delle condizioni socio-economiche e del senso di ciò che è possibile, possiamo vedere questo momento come un'apertura storica che ha la potenzialità di reimpostare i termini del dibattito politico intorno a una minaccia a lungo termine e di riorganizzare l'azione collettiva per un futuro più giusto e sostenibile per la salvaguardia di vite ed ecosistemi. Ciò che sta accadendo ora è un drastico allontanamento dallo status quo politico, che dimostra che le vite umane vengono prima dell'accumulazione capitalista. Se riusciamo a comprendere la crisi scatenata da un improvviso picco di diffusione virale, ora più che mai, dovremmo essere in grado di visualizzare la crisi provocata dalla lenta e ancor più micidiale destabilizzazione ecologica. Una trasformazione radicale, gestita socialmente, si è dimostrata possibile e, tuttavia, deve diventare un'urgenza a partire dalle condizioni di difficoltà socio-economiche che la pandemia lascerà sulla sua scia.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Ulteriori approfondimenti
|
||||
**Per i testi a cui si fa riferimento in questa sessione, consultare la sezione Note qui di seguito.**
|
||||
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace, Rodrick Wallace (eds.): "Neoliberal Ebola: Modeling Disease Emergence from Finance to Forest and Farm"](http://93.174.95.29/_ads/8D07B63757F066F0203EE0F4A68B18DD)
|
||||
- [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
- [What would happen if the world reacted to climate change like it’s reacting to the coronavirus?](https://www.fastcompany.com/90473758/what-would-happen-if-the-world-reacted-to-climate-change-like-its-reacting-to-the-coronavirus?fbclid=IwAR3GF--L8EW5IqGFCH4p6RQqZ2ylLGKw7x7iAPXwg1kbMuu5mp6_LUk2Z1o)
|
||||
- [Can Capitalist Reform Save The Environment?](http://www.leftcom.org/en/articles/2020-02-24/can-capitalist-reform-save-the-environment?fbclid=IwAR0RiK8pOb46Ea0bHIKTZki-JxOjhNjahEiJivUnqxHMTVXOcMGPs_BS7Lc)
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
|
||||
# Note
|
||||
|
||||
[^0]: [EcoHealth Alliance's Publication](https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/publications)
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: ["The Man Who Saw the Pandemic Coming"](http://nautil.us/issue/83/intelligence/the-man-who-saw-the-pandemic-coming)
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: [Robert G. Wallace: "Coronavirus: »Agribusiness would risk millions of deaths.«"](https://www.marx21.de/coronavirus-agribusiness-would-risk-millions-of-deaths/), [Robert G. Wallace: "Big Farms Make a Big Flu"](https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5d5484679ff37c2d4c622bf8)
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: [Jim Robbins: "The Ecology of Disease"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/sunday-review/the-ecology-of-disease.html),
|
||||
|
||||
[^4]: ["Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2020/03/16/coronavirus-lockdown-may-have-saved-77000-lives-in-china-just-from-pollution-reduction/)
|
||||
|
||||
[^5]: ["Coronavirus Causes Decline in Air Pollution Across Northern Italy"](https://www.greenmatters.com/p/italy-air-pollution-coronavirus)
|
||||
|
||||
[^6]: ["Aircraft emissions ‘responsible for 16,000 deaths per year’""](https://airqualitynews.com/2015/07/27/aircraft-emissions-responsible-for-16000-deaths-per-year/)
|
||||
|
||||
[^7]: [Eric Holthaus: "No, the coronavirus is not good for the climate"](https://thecorrespondent.com/330/no-the-coronavirus-is-not-good-for-the-climate/43687590870-ae5ff40e)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Disabilità e malattie croniche nella pandemia"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
*There is a version of this document in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Hierzu existiert auch eine deutsche Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Una storia di lotte per i diritti delle persone con disabilità
|
||||
|
||||
Le persone con disabilità o malattie croniche sono state a lungo soggette a una negazione delle cure. Infatti, indipendentemente da dove ci troviamo, abbiamo dovuto far fronte alla carenza di cure mediche, al difficile adattamento all'ambiente architettoninco, al ristretto accesso alle tecnologie di assistenza e all'assistenza personalizzata, e molte altre cose. Allo stesso modo, siamo anche stati soggetti/e all'imposizione di cure. Abbiamo dovuto liberarci dall'iperprotezione familiare, dall'istituzionalizzazione forzata e dalla segregazione in istituzioni specializzate. La storia delle nostre comunità organizzate e in lotta per superare questa doppia disabilità, oggettiva e soggettiva, è una lunga storia.
|
||||
|
||||
## Il modello sociale della disabilità e il movimento per i diritti della disabilità
|
||||
|
||||
Il momento di snodo di questa storia arriva negli anni '60 e '70, quando il movimento per i diritti della disabilità ha iniziato a far emergere una forte critica al modello medico dominante intorno la disabilità. Questo modello [^ - 1], che sostituiva il precedente modello eugenetico, considerava la disabilità come una afflizione individuale che doveva essere affrontata attraverso cure mediche e istituzioni specializzate. Questo approccio è sempre stato estremamente riduttivo perché non ha mai tenuto insieme la condizione individuale di disailità con il contesto sociale e, quindi, ha perpetuato un modello di esclusione delle nostre comunità dalla maggior parte degli aspetti della vita sociale.
|
||||
|
||||
Da questa critica emerge una nuova concezione sociale di disabilità [^0] che considera le menomazioni fisiche, sensoriali, cognitive o psicologiche come appaiono nel mondo delle barriere fisiche, degli atteggiamenti pregiudizievoli, dell'invisibilità e della sfera del lavoro che privilegia l'abilismo. Fattori istituzionali, culturali e ambientali modellati sulla norma del corpi abile convergono per limitare le persone con disabilità nel raggiungere le loro diverse capacità e aspirazioni. È questo stesso processo di disabilità sociale, e non la disabilità stessa, che definisce la disabilità.
|
||||
Da questa consapevolezza più allargata, il movimento per i diritti della disabilità negli anni '70 ha avviato un ciclo di proteste, campagne e azioni dirette, ispirate e supportate dai più ampi movimenti di giustizia sociale, civile e dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici. Questi movimenti hanno contestato interessi economici e istituzioni paternaliste per chiedere un riconoscimento incondizionato dei diritti della disabilità e la creazione di contesti istituzionali inclusivi. Hanno chiesto che le persone con disabilità avessero il diritto di definire individualmente e collettivamente le proprie esigenze e il diritto di perseguire una vita indipendente.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Modello radicale della disabilità e continuità nella lotta
|
||||
|
||||
Se questa spinta inizialmente aveva enfatizzato l'esclusione strutturale della disabilità e le relazioni di potere che questa esclusione celava, nei decenni successivi, la spinta si chiude sull'idea della disabilità come isolata da altre forme di oppressione strutturale, ignorando anche in gran parte le relazioni di interdipendenza che avevano continuato a essere costitutive non solo delle vite di molte persone disabili bisognose di cure e di assistenza, ma anche del resto della popolazione che, in varie forme e nel corso della loro vita, ne necessitano. Da queste carenze, negli anni '90 è emerso un nuovo pensiero radicale di disabilità che si basa sulla comprensione di questa come uno dei molti modi di essere, mettendo al cenntro l'idea di un'identificazione positiva, l'empowerment, l'intersezionalità e la queerizzazione nei confronti di una società abilista.
|
||||
|
||||
Tuttavia, il raggiungimento dei pieni diritti delle persone disabili, formulati secondo un modello sociale della disabilità, rimane una sfida anche in contesti altamente progressivi e ricchi. I nostri diritti, come sempre, dipendono e continueranno a dipendere dalla nostra capacità di organizzare la vita in interdipendenza e di mobilitarci contro la discriminazione, il paternalismo e l'abbandono. La consapevolezza che le battaglie vinte possono anche tornare indietro è racchiusa nel nostro slogan: "Niente su di noi senza di noi!".
|
||||
|
||||
Pertanto, dopo una storia di lotte, dovrebbe essere chiaro, in particolare alle autorità sanitarie pubbliche e alla politica, che la comunità delle persone disabili e le comunità alleate di persone con malattie croniche, obesità, corpi spezzati dallo sfruttamento, dalla povertà o dalla disoccupazione, non staranno fermi e in silenzio mentre altri prendono decisioni chiave nella pandemia in corso. Decisioni che, ancora una volta, rischiano di buttare le nostre vite alla mercé di poteri economici e politici abilisti.
|
||||
|
||||
# La pandemia e la minaccia sulle nostre vite
|
||||
|
||||
L'Organizzazione mondiale della sanità [^1] stima che circa il 15% della popolazione mondiale vive con una qualche forma di disabilità, molte delle quali sono inn più affette da condizioni secondarie come comorbilità, invecchiamento precoce e morte prematura. Queste afflizioni sono aggravate da cure mediche inadeguate, carenti di protezione sociale, disoccupazione, povertà e isolamento sociale.
|
||||
|
||||
Tutti questi fattori diventano fattori di rischio aggiuntivo durante le epidemie, poiché queste disuguaglianze di salute creano le condizioni per una trasmissione più rapida e una maggiore probabilità di malattia e mortalità [^2]. Con lo scoppio della pandemia di SARS-CoV-2, dove la criticità della malattia e la sua mortalità sono particolarmente elevate tra le persone con condizioni di salute precarie, le persone con disabilità o malattie croniche affrontano una situazione di estrema vulnerabilità. Per la maggior parte di noi è necessario evitare di contrarre l'infezione.
|
||||
|
||||
Tuttavia, tale vulnerabilità può essere amplificata dalla sanità pubblica e dalle decisioni politiche nella pandemia in diversi modi:
|
||||
|
||||
## Il perpetuarsi della nostra invisibilità nell'orientamento sanitario pubblico
|
||||
|
||||
In primo luogo, le misure, i protocolli e i comunincati della sanità pubblica non includono spesso un'adeguata considerazione delle esigenze specifiche delle persone con disabilità o malattie croniche [^3]. In una situazione di grave pericolo per la nostra vita siamo nuovamente resi irrilevanti e invisibili.
|
||||
|
||||
Ad esempio, nell'orientamento pubblico, siamo generalmente raggruppati come "altri gruppi a rischio". Disabilità e malattie croniche spesso vivono di una mobilità limitata e in gran parte confinata a casa, molti/e di noi dipendono da una regolare assistenza professionale o familiare, e quindi non possono semplicemente mantenere le distanze e isolarsi come consigliato dall'orientamento sanitario pubblico. Dato che gli operatori e le operatrici di sostegno in genere assistono più di una persona alla volta e lavorano in diversi istituti, a causa dei bassi salari e di accordi lavorativi precari, sia noi sia loro siamo estremamente a rischio di infezione e trasmissione del virus.
|
||||
|
||||
**Per tali motivi, devono essere predisposti protocolli, linee guida, messaggistica e hotline di sanità pubblica specificamente mirati a ridurre il rischio di infezione tra le persone con disabilità e i/le assistenti. Inoltre, devono essere messe in atto misure di protezione sociale per avere assistenti aggiuntivi, per garantire che tutto il lavoro di assistenza - professionale o meno - sia pagato e possa ottenere una retribuzione per malattia nel caso in cui i lavoratori e le lavoratrici siano infettati/e.** [^4]
|
||||
|
||||
Inoltre, sentiamo come la nostra invisiiblità sia strutturale quando osserviamo ciò che la società è disposta a fare in questo momento per creare alloggi a persone abili che oggi devono vivere e lavorare confinati nelle loro case e quindi dipendere dal lavoro essenziale degli altri. In circostanze diverse, per le nostre vite, queste sistemazioni semplicemente non si possono avere.
|
||||
|
||||
## Disponibilità di forniture e cure mediche intensive
|
||||
|
||||
In secondo luogo, le persone con disabilità o malattie croniche spesso richiedono bombole di ossigeno, ventilatori e dispositivi di protezione come maschere e guanti. Tuttavia, al momento queste scarseggiano e **l'incapacità di includere tra i pazienzi prioritari le persone con disabilità o malattie croniche quando si assicurano queste forniture, potrebbe aggravare le condizioni di salute esistenti e aumentarne la vulnerabilità**.
|
||||
|
||||
La vulnerabilità aumenta anche per quelli tra di noi che hanno bisogno di visitare gli ospedali per trattamenti medici come la dialisi o la terapia per condizioni acute acute. **Gli ospedali devono pianificare in anticipo tale capacità di emergenza e prendere accordi per ridurre i rischi di trasmissione ai pazienti ambulatoriali disabili**, il che potrebbe diventare difficile se un focolaio travolge le capacità ricettive degli ospedali e/o si annida in essi.
|
||||
|
||||
I più a rischio sono quelli/e tra noi che si trovano in case di cura o in collegi. Queste istituzioni dovrebbero disporre di procedure ed essere soggette a una supervisione più rigorosa, in particolare se gestite privatamente, per evitare casi di grave abbandono e defezione del personale infermieristico, come è stato riferito in alcune case di cura in Spagna.
|
||||
|
||||
## De-prioritarizzazione e triage
|
||||
|
||||
Infine, poiché un improvviso picco nella necessità di letti, ventilatori o personale medico minaccia di sopraffare il sistema sanitario, le autorità sanitarie pubbliche e gli ospedali sono costretti a prendere decisioni difficili sull'assegnazione di risorse tra i pazienti che richiedono cure intensive. In linea di principio, coloro che hanno minori possibilità di recupero a causa delle loro condizioni di salute di base o delle loro prospettive cliniche hanno la priorità. Come ha dimostrato la situazione Lombarda, i medici non hanno altra scelta se non quella di seguire una simile guida quando devono decidere, per la carenza di dispositivi, chi lasciar morire [^5]. Il pericolo qui è che le persone con disabilità o malattie croniche siano implicitamente declassate. In effetti, in alcuni stati degli Stati Uniti, come l'Alabama e il Tennessee, i piani di terapia intensiva escludono esplicitamente la priorità delle persone con disabilità intellettiva o atrofia muscolare spinale, partendo dal presupposto che le loro vite valgano meno. [^ 6]
|
||||
|
||||
**Le persone con disabilità o malattie croniche sono quindi declassate in due modi: per primo, a causa delle loro maggiori esigenze in termini di forniture mediche e cure, infine, quando si tratta del loro accesso alle cure intensive.** Per questi motivi, l'American Association of People with Disabilities ha inviato una lettera al Congresso chiedendo "un divieto statutario sul razionamento delle scarse risorse mediche sulla base di esigenze dimostrate" [^6]. Altrimenti, la selezione delle vite sarà fatta attraverso misure progettate per salvare il maggior numero di vite umane in primo luogo.
|
||||
|
||||
# "Nothing About Us Without Us!"
|
||||
|
||||
Mentre la pandemia di SARS-CoV-2 si diffonde, le comunità di disabili e di malattie croniche si stanno mobilitando e organizzando. Sono spinti dalla consapevolezza che politica e istituzioni sono pronti a trascurare i loro precedenti impegni in materia di diritti della disabilità. La nostra risposta non si limita alle azioni di governi e istituzioni, stiamo contribuendo a reti di solidarietà più ampie che organizzano l'assistenza collettiva e l'aiuto reciproco, fornendo assistenza alle persone con disabilità [^7], malattie croniche [^8] e condizioni come l'obesità [^9].
|
||||
|
||||
**Tuttavia, date le pericolose conseguenze dell'abbandono, è essenziale che ci mobilitiamo per chiedere alle autorità sanitarie pubbliche di includerci nei processi decisionali che alla fine rifletteranno sulla nostra sopravvivenza**
|
||||
|
||||
# Riferimenti
|
||||
|
||||
[^-1]: [Understanding Disability](https://www.drakemusic.org/blog/hdekretser/understanding-disability/)
|
||||
[^0]: [Michael Oliver: "The Politics of Disablement"]()
|
||||
[^1]: [Disability and health](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health)
|
||||
[^2]: [Health Inequalities and Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Challenge for Global Health Security](https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bsp.2014.0032)
|
||||
[^3]: ['The Cripples Will Save You': A Critical Coronavirus Message from a Disability Activist](https://creakyjoints.org/living-with-arthritis/coronavirus-disability-activism/)
|
||||
[^4]: [People with a disability are more likely to die from coronavirus – but we can reduce this risk](https://theconversation.com/people-with-a-disability-are-more-likely-to-die-from-coronavirus-but-we-can-reduce-this-risk-134383)
|
||||
[^5]: [The Extraordinary Decisions Facing Italian Doctors](https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/who-gets-hospital-bed/607807/)
|
||||
[^6]: ['I Will Not Apologise for My Needs'](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/opinion/coronavirus-ventilators-triage-disability.html)
|
||||
[^7]: [COVID-19 Resources for the Disability Community](https://www.accessliving.org/our-services/covid-19-resources-for-the-disability-community/#collective-care-caregiving-and-organizing) and [COVID-19
|
||||
Disability Community Preparedness Resources (U.S. Based)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/18tfi-0I8rpdJJ9Ubci45HYsy8sdutDpZv_eO-pdZDFc/edit#)
|
||||
[^8]: [A Chronic Illness Patient's Guide to Coronavirus](https://awareness.creakyjoints.org/coronavirus/)
|
||||
[^9]: [Fat-Assed Prepper Survival Tips for Preparing for a Coronavirus Quarantine](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zz7EchIvq05wFDZ1EysJkGiMJTpzXxi998M2Ij2hYhg/edit?ts=5e69c961)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Storie dell'assistenza sanitaria pubblica"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*This document is also available in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
*Dieses Dokument gibt es auch in einer deutschen Version: *
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Storie dell'assistenza sanitaria pubblica
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Il 17 marzo 2020, il Ministero della Salute spagnolo ha annunciato che il governo sta mettendo sotto il controllo statale [tutti gli ospedali privati del paese](https://publicservices.international/resources/news/spain-nationalises-all-private-hospitals-uk-rents-hospital-beds?id=10645&lang=en) a tempo indeterminato per combattere la diffusione delle infezioni COVID-19. Il 24 marzo, [il Ministro della Sanità irlandese Simon Harris ha dichiarato](https://www.thejournal.ie/private-hospitals-ireland-coronavirus-5056334-Mar2020/): "Per tutta la durata di questa crisi lo Stato prenderà il controllo di tutte le strutture ospedaliere private e gestirà tutte le risorse a beneficio comune della nostra popolazione". Nel Regno Unito, invece, l'NHS (la Sanità pubblica) dovrà ["affittare 8.000 letti di ospedale privati per la somma di £ 2.400.000 al giorno"](https://metro.co.uk/2020/03/16/nhs-rent-8000-private-hospital-beds-2400000-per-day-12406301/). Il portavoce del Dipartimento della Salute del [Sud Africa](https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/no-plan-to-nationalise-private-hospitals-in-wake-of-coronavirus-45187424), Popo Maja, ha dichiarato in un'intervista a Business Report che il governo non sta nazionalizzando gli ospedali privati a causa dell'epidemia.
|
||||
|
||||
La pandemia di Covid-19 sta costringendo i governi di tutto il mondo ad affrontare la questione dell'assistenza sanitaria come diritto universale. Un servizio che dovrebbe essere finanziato pubblicamente attraverso la tassazione e che dovrebbe essere facilmente accessibile a tutti/e. A partire da qui, questa sezione mette insieme alcune storie intorno alla nascita dei servizi sanitari nazionali di alcuni paesi (Italia, Inghiltera e USA) e la loro connessionne con importanti lotte sociali.
|
||||
|
||||
(Se desideri contribuire con la storia dell'assistenza sanitaria di altri paesi e regioni, contattarci! Trovi tutti i contatti nella pagina introduttiva).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Italia: Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN)
|
||||
|
||||
FONTI:
|
||||
- [Riscoprire le radici del servizio di sanità pubblica. Lezioni dall'Italia](https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/rediscovering-roots-public-health-services-lessons-italy/), by Chiara Giorgi, *Open Democracy*, 24 March 2020.
|
||||
- VIDEO (ITA): [Chiara Giorgi - Storia e politica della riforma sanitaria dal dopoguerra al 1978](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDaa-UpgI50), *Teoria Critica della Società - Università Bicocca*, 21 March 2020.
|
||||
|
||||
L'Italia è un caso di successo politico all'interno del sistema di salute pubblica. Secondo i dati OCSE del 2017, l'aspettativa di vita in Italia è di 83,1 anni rispetto agli 80,9 anni della media dell'Unione europea. Eppure la spesa sanitaria totale annua per abitante è di circa 2.483 euro, contro i 2.884 di media dell'UE (un divario del 15%). Vale la pena quindi provare a capire come il paese europeo con l'aspettativa di vita più lunga abbia raggiunto questo risultato con una spesa ridotta.
|
||||
|
||||
Le spinte per la creazione nel 1978 di un sistema di assistenza sanitaria pubblica è nata da un'alleanza senza precedenti tra forze politiche di sinistra, pratiche sperimentali di rinnovamento da dentro la pratica medica, attivismo sanitario radicale, lotte sindacali, gruppi di lavoratori e lavoratrici, movimenti studenteschi e femministi.
|
||||
|
||||
Il risultato - la riforma del 1978 - è un servizio sanitario universale, pubblico e gratuito, che offre una vasta gamma di servizi al di fuori del mercato, in gran parte modellato sul Servizio Sanitario Nazionale britannico, che rispecchia la definizione della salute pubblica enunciata dall'OMS nel 1946.
|
||||
|
||||
Allontanandosi dalla tradizione di un sistema sanitario corporativo, con una insita limitata copertura legata a categorie professionali specifiche, la riforma italiana ha introdotto l'universalità del servizio sanitario pubblico, finanziato attraverso la tassazione generale, gratuitamente accessibile per tutti/e coloro che vivono nel paese, non solo i/le cittadini/e italiani/e.
|
||||
|
||||
In diverse aree – come la salute mentale, la salute negli ambienti di lavoro, la salute delle donne e i trattamenti farmacologici – sono emerse nuove conoscenze sulla prevenzione delle malattie, nuove pratiche di erogazione di servizi e nuovi accordi istituzionali innovativi. Tutti aspetti che danno una forte enfasi ai servizi territoriali come modello che tiene insieme i bisogni sanitari con quelli sociali.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Sfoglia tutto il Manuale L'ambiente di lavoro a cura dei sindacati metalmeccanici [qui](http://www.sistemaambiente.net/Materiali/IT/Dispensa_FLM/Dispensa_1971_originale.pdf).*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
La riforma sanitaria in Italia è nata grazie a personalità che combinavano una forte competenza sul campo con l'impegno politico. Franco Basaglia e il suo lavoro sulla psichiatria radicale, Giulio Maccacaro il fondatore di 'Medicina Democratica' (un movimento radicale per la salute), Giovanni Berlinguer uno scienziato e membro parlamentare del Partito Comunista, Alessandro Seppilli uno specialista di sanità pubblica e sindaco socialista della città di Perugia, Laura Conti figura chiave del Partito Socialista che ha aperto la strada al movimento ambientalista italiano, Ivar Oddone medico del lavoro e ex partigiano - nonché personaggio a cui Italo Calvino si ispirò nel suo primo romanzo Nidi di Ragno.
|
||||
|
||||
Dal loro lavoro emerge una visione integrata della salute: fisica e psichica, individuale e collettiva, legata alla comunità e al territorio. Viene proposto una relazione meno gerarchica tra medico e paziente, inoltre, viene introdotto un modello di un'organizzazione sanitaria decentralizzata, con elementi di partecipazione attiva. Questo porta alla centralità della medicina preventiva rispetto alla cura della malattia. Come sosteneva Giulio Maccacaro nel 1976, la strategia era quella di una "politicizzazione della medicina" dal basso, capace di sfidare il modo in cui il capitalismo industriale stava sfruttando i lavoratori e le lavoratrici, minando le condizioni sanitarie e sociali nel paese.
|
||||
|
||||
Questa strategia politica considerava la salute come la combinazione tra una dimensione collettiva e una condizione individuale, pertanto, sono state necessarie lotte collettive per affrontare le radici economiche e sociali delle malattie e dei problemi di salute pubblica. Questo approccio è stato accompagnato fin da subito dal movimento femminista che si è occupato di affrontato le condizioni e i problemi di salute delle donne, anche attraverso nuove istituzioni cliniche sanitarie autoorganizzate: i consultori.
|
||||
|
||||
Gli ultimi decenni di riforme manageriali, riduzioni dei fondi e sforzi di privatizzazione hanno effettivamente abbassato gli standard del servizio sanitario pubblico, introdotto "ticket" pagati dai pazienti e frammentato in modo diseguale nelle regioni italiane la capacità del servizio.
|
||||
|
||||
Una delle prime azioni del governo italiano quando è scoppiata la pandemia, il 17 marzo 2020, è stata quella di aumentare i fondi per l'emergenza sanitaria di 3 miliardi di euro e assumere 20.000 medici, infermieri e personale di supporto. Questo è stato un riconoscimento degli errori politici passati - tagli, privatizzaziono e mercificazione del serviozio - e, di fatto, ha richiamato la necessità di riconoscere pienamente il ruolo della sanità pubblica universale come alternativa a quella fornita dal mercato.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# La nascita del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale Britannnico (NHS)
|
||||
|
||||
FONTI:
|
||||
- [La nascita del NHS](https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/the-birth-of-the-nhs-856091.html), Andy McSmith, *The Independent*, 28 June 2008.
|
||||
- VIDEO (EN): [NHS: Un complicato inizio](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ywP8wjfOx4), BBC documentario (2008). Narratore: Imelda Staunton, Regista: Ian MacMillan.
|
||||
|
||||
Al servizio di oltre un milione e mezzo di pazienti e famiglie ogni giorno, il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale è il più grande sistema di questo tipo al mondo. È universalmente considerato un tesoro nazionale, il risultato più notevole della Gran Bretagna del dopoguerra.
|
||||
|
||||
Eppure il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale ha rischiato di non esistere affatto. Nei mesi che hanno portato al suo lancio è stato amaramente opposto dal Partito di Tory e dalla stampa nazionale. Ma i suoi avversari più accaniti sono state le stesse persone da cui dipendeva la sua esistenza: chirurghi/e, infermieri/e, dentisti/e e 20.000 medici/e britannici/he. Per ottenere il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale è stata necessaria la persistenza e la determinazione di un uomo: Nye Bevan, il ministro della salute dei Labour.
|
||||
|
||||
Prima del luglio 1948, i 2.700 ospedali britannici erano gestiti da enti di beneficenza o da consigli, e le uniche persone che avevano diritto al trattamento gratuito erano i lavoratori e le lavoratrici.
|
||||
|
||||
Nel 1945, il nuovo governo laburista scrisse un manifesto che prometteva una rivoluzione nella sanità. Il Ministro della Salute Nye (Aneurin) Bevan, voleva costruire un servizio sanitario basato su quattro principi: doveva essere gratuito, disponibile a tutti coloro che ne avevano bisogno, finanziato dalla tassazione e usato in modo responsabile.
|
||||
|
||||
Bevan, che proveniva da una famiglia di minatori, si ispirò alla Tredegar Workers Medical Aid Society del Galles del Sud, un regime pionieristico di mutuo soccorso che forniva benefici medici, cure dentistiche e spese funebri ai suoi membri per soli pochi centesimi a settimana.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Salute pulica in USA
|
||||
|
||||
FONTE:
|
||||
- (AUDIO) (EN) [Come è iniziato il cattivo sangue](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/13/podcasts/1619-slavery-healthcare.html?action=click&module=audio-series-bar&pgtype=Article®ion=header), episodio 4, *1619*, *New York Times* podcast. Ospitato da Nikole Hannah-Jones. 13 Septembre 2019.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Questa storia nell'autunno del 1866, con una persona di nome Rebecca Lee Crumpler. Rebecca Lee Crumpler è una giovane donna di colore nata libera e cresciuta in Pennsylvania da sua zia, una donna di medicina. La zia, infatti, andava di casa in casa a prendersi cura dei malati e Rebecca l'accompagnava e aiutava. Le piaceva così tanto che è poi diventata un'infermiera e, successivamente, prende una decisione davvero insolita per quei tempi, ovvero quella di andare avanti con gli studi e diventare un medico. Si trova quindi al New England Female Medical College, un college appositamente costruito per formare le donne in medicina. Nel periodo in cui si laurea, ci sono circa 54.000 medici nel paese e solo 300 di loro sono donne, solo una di quelle donne è nera: quella donna è Rebecca Lee Crumpler. Così, circa un anno dopo aver finito la scuola di medicina, la guerra civile giunge al termine e prende un'altra decisione insolita, sradica completamente la sua vita e si dirige verso il sud del paese, perché quattro milioni di persone sono appena state liberate dalla schiavitù e sono ora in libertà.
|
||||
|
||||
Crumpler sa che aiutare queste persone ad integrarsi nella società e ad affrontare i loro numerosi bisogni di base, compresa l'assistenza sanitaria, sarà una sfida complesa. A queste persone, infatti, era stato appena conncessa libertà senza alcuna risorsa. Saranno quindi costrette a risiedere in prigioni abbandonate, ex caserme militari, chiese vuote, campi profughi o costrette insieme in alloggi molto piccoli. Senza le possibilità di mantenere una buona igiene, il risultato è che cominciano ad ammalarsi. Ma non possono attingere a nessun sistema sanitario perché a quel tempo non esiste davvero alcun sistema sanitario organizzato di cui parlare. La maggior parte delle cure mediche è fornita a domicilio da familiari o da medici che fanno visite in casa, inoltre, gli unici ospedali esistenti sono molto più simili a istituzioni per poveri o malati che non hanno familiari che si prendono cura di loro. Sono strutture private e gestite da gruppi di beneficenza che, all'arrivo degli schiavi liberati e le loro patologie, chiudono le porte. Così, un altissimo numeto di ex-schiavi comincia a morire, tanto che in alcune città i loro corpi morti occupano le strade.
|
||||
|
||||
Questa vicenda diventa presto una grave crisi di salute pubblica. Così, per fronteggiare questa crisi, il governo federale crea quello che finisce per essere il primo programma federale di assistenza sanitaria della nazione. Si chiamerà divisione medica dell'ufficio del Freedmen. E questo è il progetto verso cui Rebecca Crumpler si sta dirigendo.
|
||||
|
||||
La divisione medica dell'ufficio dei Freedmen si fonda inntorno a un'assoluta ambivalenza. I funzionari vogliono che le loro comunità siano abbastanza 'pulite' inn modo da prevenire malattie che potrebbero diffondersi nelle comunità bianche ma, al contempo, non vogliono fornire assistenza gratuita, perché temono che questa possa creare dipendenza tra la comunità afro-americana. Quindi aprono questi ospedali e assumono alcuni dottori, ma al primo segno di progresso li chiudono rifiutandosi di inviare quelle risorse che i loro stessi medici, incluso la Crumpler, richiedono.
|
||||
|
||||
Dato che tutte queste persone muoiono di cose che possono essere prevenute, emerge una teoria. E la teoria racconta che l'alto tasso di mortalità è in realtà la natura che fa il suo corso, in poche parole, le persone nere non muoiono per mancanza di beni di prima necessità ma perché biologicamente inferiori ai bianchi e inadatti alla libertà. L'argomento diventa che gli afro-americani si estinguono per natura e, di conseguenza, che fornire qualsiasi tipo di finanziamento o risorsa per la loro salute è uno spreco inutile perché non si può evitare l'inevitabile.
|
||||
|
||||
Quuesto è il primo esempio di assistenza sanitaria finanziata dal governo, un esempio creato per fallire.
|
||||
|
||||
Rebecca Lee Crumpler lo capisce velocemente e decide di scrivere un libro: A book of medical discourses. Il libro non è rivolto ai suoi colleghi della comunità medica bianca o ai segregazionisti al Congresso, è indirizzato alla comunità nera, in particolare alle madri nere e alle infermiere nere. Ciò che scrive in questo volume è come prendersi cura di se stessi, malattie come il colera, trattare i disturbi di base come le emorroidi e la bronchite. La cosa più importante del suo libro è che sta dicendo alla comuintà nera americana che non è inferiore, che non si estinguerà e che può prenderti cura di sé stessa.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Facciamo un salto veloce al gennaio del 1947. Il presidente Truman vuole un programma di assicurazione sanitaria gestito dal governo che tutte le persone pagano in anticipo in cambio della possibilità di potervi accedere quando necessario.
|
||||
|
||||
Dopo che Truman spinge verso questa direzione, il sistema sanitario nazionale cresce un po' dal post guerra civile, ma non di molto. Infatti, tutti gli ospedali creati attraverso l'ufficio dei Freedmen erano stati chiusi, tranne uno che si trovava a Washington D.C. Altri ospedali erano stati costruiti ma non ce ne sono abbastanza, specialmente al sud. A peggiorare le cose, gli ospedali esistenti sono separati tra popolazione bianca e nera. Una clausula di nome "separati ma uguali" è, infatti, innscritta nella legge. Questo significa che i pazienti neri devono recarsi nelle strutture per neri, poche e disperse. Pppure erano relegati nei reparti sotterranei degli ospedali dei bianchi, i reparti erano piccoli e non fornivano la stessa cura che si otteneva ai piani superiori.
|
||||
|
||||
Non sono solo gli/le afro-americani/e non ricevevano cure sufficienti, anche gli/le americani/e poveri/e. A quel tempo, infatti, la maggior parte delle persone americane non era assicurata. L'assicurazione che esisteva era basata sul datore di lavoro, il che significa che bisognava trovare un certo tipo di lavoro in cui il datore effettivamente offriva questo servizio. Fondamentalmente, l'intero sistema non funziona e Truman intuisce che questo è uno dei problemi più urgenti che il paese deve affrontare. Per questo si convince che l'assicurazione sanitaria nazionale è la soluzione.
|
||||
|
||||
Pochi giorni dopo che Truman vince le elezioni, però, l'American Medical Association, la più grande e probabilmente la più potente organizzazione professionale per medici nel paese, lancia una massiccia campagna per abbattere la proposta di Truman. A.M.A. sa che un programma nazionale di assicurazione sanitaria danneggerà i suoi profitti.
|
||||
|
||||
A.M.A. assume una compagnia di P.R., di fatto la prima società di consulenza politica nel paese, per ideare il piano che silurerà la proposta di assistenza sanitaria universale. Ne emerge una guerra totale: annunci radiofonici, annunci sui giornali, annunci di riviste, distribuzione di opuscoli nelle case delle persone. Alla fine, inviano circa 100 milioni di pubblicazioni in tutto il paese che hanno come slogan: "Tieni la politica fuori dalla medicina".
|
||||
|
||||
La campagna funziona, infatti, il supporto popolare per il disegno di legge precipita improvvisamente. La legge non riesce a superare il Congresso e, così, il paese rimane con un sistema sanitario ancora troppo costoso per la maggior parte degli/lle americani/e, e più segregato che mai.
|
||||
|
||||
Medicare nasce dalle ceneri del fallito programma di assicurazione sanitaria nazionale di Truman. Iniziato con la presidenza di Kennedy, e proseguito con quella di Johnson, e sotto la guida di Montague Cobb, i dottori neri della nazione sono i primi sostenintori di Medicare. Questi avevano costituito la National Medical Association o la N.M.A., perché erano stati esclusi da A.M.A. Cominciano quindi con le proteste, fanno pressioni sul Congresso e lanciano la propria campagna per spiegare alla nazione che, in realtà, Medicare non distruggerà affatto la medicina ma la renderà più equa. Il loro messaggio è quello che è: l'assistenza sanitaria è un diritto umano e qualsiasi programma che espande l'accesso all'assistenza sanitaria è il dovere di una società libera e democratica. Nel frattempo, la lotta per i diritti civili si sta intensificando in tutto il paese, al di fuori del mondo medico.
|
||||
|
||||
Questo sforzo culmina nella legge sui diritti civili del 1964, che afferma che discriminare sulla base della razza è incostituzionale. Più specificamente, afferma che il governo può prelevare dollari federali da qualsiasi struttura o entità che non sia conforme alla legge, incluso gli ospedali. Così Medicare diventa attuativa nel 1966 e, già nei primi quattro mesi dalla sua attuazione, quasi 3.000 ospedali si disgregano.
|
||||
|
||||
Nonostante ciò, le disparità sanitarie tra americani neri e americani bianchi persistono fino ad oggi.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Bambini/e in quarantena"
|
||||
images: ["/topic/coronanotes/care_curve.jpg"]
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*There is a version of this document in English: *
|
||||
|
||||
# Crisi della domesticità
|
||||
|
||||
La domesticità forzata mette a dura prova anche le persone e le famiglie non violente. Per molti/e, infatti, #restaacasa non è affatto un invito rassicurante. Per saperne di più sulla violenza domestica derivante dalla domesticità forzata puoi andare su .
|
||||
|
||||
Troppo spesso, però, le vittime più giovani della violenza domestica - i/le bambini/e - rischiano di essere trascurate del tutto. Se nel gruppo domestico ci sono loro, quindi, magari chiusi in case troppo piccole e senza un'area aperta accessibile, la cosa diventa complessa. Di conseguenza, è utile trovare modi per garantire una convivenza pacifica e gioiosa per tutti/e.
|
||||
|
||||
# Spiegare la pandemia ai/lle bambini/e
|
||||
|
||||
Il primo passo in questa direzione è spiegare, nel linguaggio appropriato all'età dei/lle bambini/e, come stiamo vivendo questo periodo di emergenza e perché si verificano tali situazioni.
|
||||
|
||||
Nelle ultime settimane, molte iniziative rivolte ai più piccol* sono state messe in atto per alleviare il tempo speso in casa in auto-isolamento. Tra queste troviamo un diverso uso di tecnologie già esistenti; la richiesta di revoca di paywall per accedere ad archivi digitali; la produzione di contenuti specifici per bambini riguardanti l'emergenza in corso; e, infine, pratiche di assistenza collettiva tra famiglie, quartieri e gruppi più numerosi di persone.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*New unthinkable fields of negotiation between adults and children...*
|
||||
|
||||
# Mantenere i/le bambini/e attivi
|
||||
|
||||
Qui di seguito alcuni consigli:
|
||||
|
||||
## Non dimenticarti di ballare!
|
||||
Non muoversi è letale per chiunque, in particolare per i più piccoli/e. In quarantena forzata, è utile definire un momento della giornata dove ci si dedica al corpo, ognun* a seconda delle proprie capacità fisiche.
|
||||
Se non si può uscire di casa, passeggiare e correre, basta alzare la musica e ballare fino allo sfinimento!
|
||||
|
||||
## Condividi storie audio
|
||||
Leggi ad alta voce, scandendo bene le parole e senza fretta, le storie per bambin* che vuoi registrare. Hai già un registratore, è il tuo smartphone! Invita altra gente a farlo e apri una mail dove raccogliere il contriuto audio di ciascuni/e. Per diffondere le storie puoi aprire un canale telegram dove caricarle di volta in volta (ma attenzione che due al giorno sono più che sufficienti!), o farle girare nelle chat delle tue comunità. Questo, per [esempio](https://t.me/storiealtelefono), è un canale telegram in lingua italiana, aperto di recente.
|
||||
|
||||
Inoltre, esistono già diversi podcast per bamini/e come [questo](https://www.raiplayradio.it/programmi/piccolaradio/archivio/playlist/wt_mc=2.social.fb.radio3_piccolaradio.&wt?fbclid=IwAR0Jv8OJy0ek15nBd4Fm3smvmD0Uon9k49HZ8jUiBf-BKf6rzuxJXtOpFBY).
|
||||
|
||||
## Produci o usa contenunti per bambini/e *fatti da bambini/e*
|
||||
Capire cosa sta succedendo non è semplice per nessun*, figurarsi per chi non ha chiaro cosa sia un virus e, per questo, capisce solo restrizioni incomprensibili.
|
||||
|
||||
Parlare con i più piccoli è quindi importante e può anche portare alla creazione di contenuti e punti di vista inediti intorno all'emergenza. Produrre con loro, o mostrargli questi contenuti, è un modo per collettivizare senza barriere linguistiche d'accesso quello che succede. Inoltre, serve a vincere la paura di ciò che non si conosce.
|
||||
Questo [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttfyyQGdZFg&feature=youtu.be) è un utile esempio.
|
||||
Questo è un programma radio ["In diretta per le amiche"](http://www.shareradio.it/diretta-le-amiche-gli-amici-quarta/) fatto da bambin*.
|
||||
|
||||
Ci sono anche delle prime [guide](https://www.muba.it/files/uploads/2020/03/10/guida-galattica-al-corona-virus-a-curious-guide-for-courageous-kids.pdf) per bambin* sul tema. Ma in rete girano contributi "domestici" molto divertenti e utili per passare il tempo insieme, che possono essere facilmente realizzati insieme con uno smartphone.
|
||||
|
||||
Per stimolare bambine e bambini a creare animazioni video, potete mostrargli [EXPERIMENT 120, una playlist di film sperimentali](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKQRV4XKZt4&list=PLXnmdJHep6dS8H1BtTNHjgCm6KUz2L1Q1) selezionati dallo [Studio Walter](https://www.instagram.com/mariepierrebonniol/). EXPERIMENT 120 presenta “120 anni di cinema sperimentale per l’infanzia in 22 film, molti dei quali brevissimi (tra gli 1 e i 4 minuti) che possono essere guardati dai 7 anni in su. I film sono riprodotti in diverse lingue”. Infine, per aiutarli a creare animazioni video, puoi fargli vedere [questo tutorial su Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/tv/B-K2MG7FyuS) creato da Cool Marbles Stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
# Collettivizza la cura dei più piccoli/e
|
||||
In questa emergenza, molte famiglie sono in enormi difficoltà finanziarie o lavorative. In alcuni casi, hanno perso mesi di stipendio, in altri, sono costrette ad andare al lavoro nonostante le scuole siano chiuse (Italia). Il ricorso ai nonni è da evitare con fermezza, giacché l'età e alcune patologie preesistenti sono uno dei motivi di mortalità maggiore per Coronavirus. Per queste ragioni, è meglio organizzarsi altrimenti!
|
||||
a. Coordinati con le famiglie del condominio per gestire i più piccoli/e insieme.
|
||||
b. Organizza un servizio di baysitteraggio di quartiere attraverso persone che mettono a disposizione gratuitamente il loro tempo per giocare. Qui un [esempio](hhttps://www.facebook.com/Ri.make1/photos/a.1461860884067343/2433143390272416/?type=3&theater) milanese messo in piedi attraverso il coordinamento tra persone che hanno necessità, persone che hanno disponibilità di tempo, un semplice exell e il supporto di un legale qualora vi fossero da gestire i blocchi alla mobilità.
|
||||
|
||||
# Non rinunciare alla socialità!
|
||||
Anche i bambini possono usare le tecnologie. In questo periodo di isolamento, strumenti come [jitsi.org](https://www.jitsi.org) permettono di organizzare video chiamate collettive da cui anche i più piccoli/e possono trarre vantaggio. Organizza con altre famiglie merende collettive virtuali e chiacchiere tra bambini/e. Fai qualcos'altro nel frattempo, rispetta la loro privacy!
|
||||
|
||||
# I compiti a casa
|
||||
A seconda delle scuole, in questo periodo ai bambii/e sono assegnati più o meno compiti da fare a casa.
|
||||
Nella fascia prescolare e scolare il suggerimento è di decidere insieme a loro uno specifico orario del giorno in cui fare i compiti insieme. Non assecondare un eventuale eccessivo carico: meglio leggere un libro in più! Inoltre, alcuni archivi sono stati aperti per l'emergenza come quello della didattica della [Fondazione Reggio Children](https://reggiochildrenfoundation.org/didattica-on-line/).
|
||||
|
||||
Nella fascia degli adolescenti le cose sono più complesse perché sono state attivate diverse modalità di lezioni online. Anche qui l'auspicio è quello di considerare l'aspetto emotivo degli studenti e non solo il loro rendimento e tasso di produttività. Anche qui, meglio approfondire e discutere le ragioni della crisi che compilare task neutri.
|
||||
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