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@ -6,31 +6,29 @@ title: "The Crisis of Care and its Criminalisation"
## Some key readings ## Some key readings
- Fraser, Nancy. "Contradictions of capital and care." New Left Review 100.99 (2016). - Fraser, Nancy. ["Contradictions of capital and care."](https://newleftreview.org/issues/II100/articles/nancy-fraser-contradictions-of-capital-and-care) New Left Review 100.99 (2016).
https://newleftreview.org/issues/II100/articles/nancy-fraser-contradictions-of-capital-and-care
- David Graeber. “Caring too much. That's the curse of the working classes.” The Guardian, 26 March 2014.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/26/caring-curse-working-class-austerity-solidarity-scourge
- Miranda Hall. “The crisis of care.com”, openDemocracy.net, 11th February 2020. - David Graeber. [“Caring too much. That's the curse of the working classes.”](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/26/caring-curse-working-class-austerity-solidarity-scourge) The Guardian, 26 March 2014.
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/crisis-carecom/
- Miranda Hall. [“The crisis of care.com”](https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/crisis-carecom/) , openDemocracy.net, 11th February 2020.
- Evelyn Nakano Glenn, [Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America](https://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/ab05564f-e1b0-4172-94ac-39efe920768f). Harvard University Press, 2010.
- Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America, Harvard University Press, 2010.
https://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/ab05564f-e1b0-4172-94ac-39efe920768f
- Uma Narayan. “Colonialism and Its Others: Considerations on Rights and Care Discourses.” Hypatia, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Spring, 1995), pp. 133-140. - Uma Narayan. “Colonialism and Its Others: Considerations on Rights and Care Discourses.” Hypatia, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Spring, 1995), pp. 133-140.
## Reports ## Reports
- Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work, ILO Report, 2018, by Laura Addati, Umberto Cattaneo, Valeria Esquivel and Isabel Valarino. - [Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work](https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_633135.pdf), ILO Report, 2018, by Laura Addati, Umberto Cattaneo, Valeria Esquivel and Isabel Valarino.
This report takes a comprehensive look at unpaid and paid care work and its relationship with the changing world of work. A key focus is the persistent gender inequalities in households and the labour market, which are inextricably linked with care work. This report takes a comprehensive look at unpaid and paid care work and its relationship with the changing world of work. A key focus is the persistent gender inequalities in households and the labour market, which are inextricably linked with care work.
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_633135.pdf - [Time to Care. Unpaid and underpaid care work and the global inequality crisis.](https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0aDqp4-Sawg6QjN5BTHC_4VThfXLPRJd2bprqdbmEQUaN7LyFYh0cU2hw) Oxfam briefing Paper, January 2020.
- Time to Care. Unpaid and underpaid care work and the global inequality crisis. Oxfam briefing Paper, January 2020.
https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620928/bp-time-to-care-inequality-200120-en.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0aDqp4-Sawg6QjN5BTHC_4VThfXLPRJd2bprqdbmEQUaN7LyFYh0cU2hw
- Mensah, Kwadwo, Maureen Mackintosh, and Leroi Henry. The “Skills Drain” of Health Professionals from the Developing World: a Framework for Policy Formulation. London: Medact, February 2005. https://www.medact.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/2.-the-skills-drain-of-health-professionals.pdf - Mensah, Kwadwo, Maureen Mackintosh, and Leroi Henry. [The “Skills Drain” of Health Professionals from the Developing World: a Framework for Policy Formulation.](https://www.medact.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/2.-the-skills-drain-of-health-professionals.pdf) London: Medact, February 2005.
## Exercise: Spending Time with the Data ## Exercise: Spending Time with the Data
@ -75,81 +73,71 @@ Here are some data on the global crisis of care:
## Reports: ## Reports:
- ReSOMA (Research Social Platform on Migration and Asylum), Crackdown on NGOs and volunteers helping refugees and other migrants. Synthetic Report. June 2019. - ReSOMA (Research Social Platform on Migration and Asylum), [Crackdown on NGOs and volunteers helping refugees and other migrants.](http://www.resoma.eu/sites/resoma/resoma/files/policy_brief/pdf/Final%20Synthetic%20Report%20-%20Crackdown%20on%20NGOs%20and%20volunteers%20helping%20refugees%20and%20other%20migrants_1.pdf) Synthetic Report. June 2019
http://www.resoma.eu/sites/resoma/resoma/files/policy_brief/pdf/Final%20Synthetic%20Report%20-%20Crackdown%20on%20NGOs%20and%20volunteers%20helping%20refugees%20and%20other%20migrants_1.pdf
- Centre for Peace Studies. Criminalisation of Solidarity. Policy Brief. Zagreb, October 2019 - Centre for Peace Studies. [Criminalisation of Solidarity.](https://www.cms.hr/system/article_document/doc/616/CPS_Policy_brief_Criminalisation_of_solidarity.pdf) Policy Brief. Zagreb, October 2019
https://www.cms.hr/system/article_document/doc/616/CPS_Policy_brief_Criminalisation_of_solidarity.pdf
- Marine Buissonniere et al., [The Criminalization of Healthcare.](https://www1.essex.ac.uk/hrc/documents/54198-criminalization-of-healthcare-web.pdf) June 2018
- Marine Buissonniere et al., The Criminalization of Healthcare. June 2018
https://www1.essex.ac.uk/hrc/documents/54198-criminalization-of-healthcare-web.pdf
## Examples ## Examples
Below are listed some recent examples of the criminalization of care and solidarity (mainly from the European and North American contexts): Below are listed some recent examples of the criminalization of care and solidarity (mainly from the European and North American contexts):
- Smith, H. (2018) ‘Arrest of Syrian ‘hero swimmer’ puts Lesbos refugees back in spotlight.’ The Guardian, 6th September https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/arrest-of-syrian-hero-swimmer-lesbos-refugees-sara-mardini - Smith, H. (2018) [‘Arrest of Syrian ‘hero swimmer’ puts Lesbos refugees back in spotlight.’](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/arrest-of-syrian-hero-swimmer-lesbos-refugees-sara-mardini) The Guardian, 6th September
- [Sea-Watch hails Italian court decision to free Carola Rackete](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2019/07/sea-watch-hails-italian-court-decision-free-carola-rackete-190703070005678.html)
- Sea-Watch hails Italian court decision to free Carola Rackete
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2019/07/sea-watch-hails-italian-court-decision-free-carola-rackete-190703070005678.html
- Criminalisation of Solidarity in Croatia - [Criminalisation of Solidarity in Croatia](https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Croatia/Croatia-criminalisation-of-solidarity-190998)
https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Croatia/Croatia-criminalisation-of-solidarity-190998
- No More Deaths - [No More Deaths](https://nomoredeaths.org/webinar-water-not-walls-resisting-the-criminalization-of-aid-in-the-borderlands/)
https://nomoredeaths.org/webinar-water-not-walls-resisting-the-criminalization-of-aid-in-the-borderlands/
- Spanish firefighters on trial for rescuing refugees at sea
https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/05/07/inenglish/1525676312_002491.html
- Amnesty International. Demand the charges against Sarah and Seán are dropped - [Spanish firefighters on trial for rescuing refugees at sea](https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/05/07/inenglish/1525676312_002491.html) El Pais, 5th July 2018.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/take-action/w4r-2019-greece-sean-binder-and-sarah-mardini/?fbclid=IwAR1gM0jHIiYmovvHSJ3Px5zyIxteIEt4pKvsUGtRpaY_gIFZMRvjiK8alXw
- Eric Lundgren, ‘e-waste’ recycling innovator, faces prison for trying to extend life span of PCs - Amnesty International. [Demand the charges against Sarah and Seán are dropped.](https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/take-action/w4r-2019-greece-sean-binder-and-sarah-mardini/?fbclid=IwAR1gM0jHIiYmovvHSJ3Px5zyIxteIEt4pKvsUGtRpaY_gIFZMRvjiK8alXw)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2018/02/15/eric-lundgren-e-waste-recycling-innovator-faces-prison-for-trying-to-extend-lifespan-of-pcs/
- The Red Cross, The EU must stop the criminalisation of solidarity with migrants and refugees, Statement. 26 July 2019.
https://redcross.eu/latest-news/the-eu-must-stop-the-criminalisation-of-solidarity-with-migrants-and-refugees
- Justin Peters, The Idealist: Aaron Swartz and the Rise of Free Culture on the Internet. Scribner, 2016. - [Eric Lundgren, ‘e-waste’ recycling innovator, faces prison for trying to extend life span of PCs.](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2018/02/15/eric-lundgren-e-waste-recycling-innovator-faces-prison-for-trying-to-extend-lifespan-of-pcs/) Washington Post, 15th February 2018.
https://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/202d5762-ada8-4b8a-a771-54b57322b805
- #ElHiblu3: Teenagers out on bail after almost 8 months of detention.
https://sea-watch.org/en/elhiblu3-bail_pr/
- Mediterranea: the Court of Palermo orders the release of Mare Jonio. Our ship is finally free; the Safety Decrees have been invalidated. Tuesday 4 February 2020 - The Red Cross, [The EU must stop the criminalisation of solidarity with migrants and refugees](https://redcross.eu/latest-news/the-eu-must-stop-the-criminalisation-of-solidarity-with-migrants-and-refugees), Statement. 26th July 2019.
https://mediterranearescue.org/en/news-en/mediterranea-the-court-of-palermo-orders-the-release-of-mare-jonio-our-ship-is-finally-free-the-safety-decrees-have-been-invalidated/
- In Tampa, Food Not Bombs activists arrested for feeding the homeless—again . Jan 2017 - Justin Peters, [The Idealist: Aaron Swartz and the Rise of Free Culture on the Internet.](https://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/202d5762-ada8-4b8a-a771-54b57322b805) Scribner, 2016.
https://www.cltampa.com/news-views/local-news/article/20848403/tampa-activists-arrested-for-feeding-the-homeless
- Sea-Watch. [#ElHiblu3: Teenagers out on bail after almost 8 months of detention.](https://sea-watch.org/en/elhiblu3-bail_pr/)
- Mediterranea Rescue. [Mediterranea: the Court of Palermo orders the release of Mare Jonio. Our ship is finally free; the Safety Decrees have been invalidated.](https://mediterranearescue.org/en/news-en/mediterranea-the-court-of-palermo-orders-the-release-of-mare-jonio-our-ship-is-finally-free-the-safety-decrees-have-been-invalidated/) Tuesday 4 February 2020
- [In Tampa, Food Not Bombs activists arrested for feeding the homeless—again.](https://www.cltampa.com/news-views/local-news/article/20848403/tampa-activists-arrested-for-feeding-the-homeless) CLTampa.com, January 2017.
- [Hungary’s rough sleepers go into hiding as homelessness made illegal](https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/hungary-s-rough-sleepers-go-into-hiding-as-homelessness-made-illegal-1.3677005), The Irish Times, 2018
- Hungary’s rough sleepers go into hiding as homelessness made illegal, The Irish Times, 2018
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/hungary-s-rough-sleepers-go-into-hiding-as-homelessness-made-illegal-1.3677005
- Seed laws that criminalise farmers: resistance and fightback, by La Via Campesina | GRAIN | 8 Apr 2015 | - La Via Campesina. [Seed laws that criminalise farmers: resistance and fightback](https://www.grain.org/article/entries/5142-seed-laws-that-criminalise-farmers-resistance-and-fightback). GRAIN, 8 April 2015.
https://www.grain.org/article/entries/5142-seed-laws-that-criminalise-farmers-resistance-and-fightback
### The becoming-police of civil servants ### The becoming-police of civil servants
The criminalization of care and solidarity is accompanied by the parallel phenomenon of making social workers and public servants role act as police. Below, a few examples and resources from the UK context, narrated by the campaigns who are pushing back: The criminalization of care and solidarity is accompanied by the parallel phenomenon of making social workers and public servants role act as police. Below, a few examples and resources from the UK context, narrated by the campaigns who are pushing back:
- Docs Not Cops: - [Docs Not Cops](http://www.docsnotcops.co.uk/)
http://www.docsnotcops.co.uk/
- #PatientsNotPassports Campaign:
https://patientsnotpassports.co.uk/
- Preventing Education? Human Rights and UK Counter-Terrorism Policy In Schools. July 2016 - [#PatientsNotPassports Campaign](https://patientsnotpassports.co.uk/)
http://rwuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/preventing-education-final-to-print-3.compressed-1.pdf
- Preventing PREVENT Handbook 2017. NUS Black Students' Campaign have created this handbook to counter the PREVENT agenda on campuses. - Rights Watch UK. [Preventing Education? Human Rights and UK Counter-Terrorism Policy In Schools.](http://rwuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/preventing-education-final-to-print-3.compressed-1.pdf) July 2016
https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/resources/preventing-prevent-handbook
- Islamic Human Rights Commission. The PREVENT Strategy: Campaign Resources. - National Union of Students UK. [Preventing PREVENT Handbook 2017.](https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/resources/preventing-prevent-handbook) The NUS Black Students' Campaign have created this handbook to counter the PREVENT agenda on campuses.
June 21, 2015.
https://www.ihrc.org.uk/activities/projects/11472-the-prevent-strategy-campaign-resources/#chapter9 - Islamic Human Rights Commission. [The PREVENT Strategy: Campaign Resources.](https://www.ihrc.org.uk/activities/projects/11472-the-prevent-strategy-campaign-resources/#chapter9) June 21, 2015.